Introduction Arts

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Conceptualizing teacher knowledge is a complex issue that involves understanding key
underlying phenomena such as the process of teaching and learning, the concept of knowledge,
as well as the way teachers’ knowledge is put into action in the classroom. When teachers
work together to improve their practice, students learn more. This simple yet powerful
idea is at the heart of effective schools. Collaboration builds collective responsibility for
constantly improving teaching practice and so student learning. The challenge for
teachers and schools is to develop a shared understanding of what excellent practice
looks like. While it will not look the same in every classroom, there are some
instructional practices that evidence suggests work well in most.
As stewards of schools, teachers play a crucial role in ensuring an enabling and
supportive environment for effective teaching and learning. Teacher quality is vital in raising
learner achievement; however, teachers alone cannot bring substantive changes without effective
leadership. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2018) states
that the "quality of education system depends on the quality of its teachers; but the quality of
teachers cannot exceed the quality of the policies that shape the work environment in school and
that guide their selection, recruitment, and development." Therefore, it is intended for future
teachers especially those who are teachers’ of special program in the Arts to transform the school
into institution of academic excellence, considering and reflecting on the experiences lived in
classrooms. It will positively contribute to student learning and social relationships and
interactions in teaching and learning environments.
Across the cohort, problems usually arise during the learning and teaching processes.
Teaching at every stage necessitates exposing learners to some type of engagement or
intervention to increase students' academic success and result in positive outcomes. When
students are given the opportunity to study in more than one method, they learn easily in short
period of time. Several of the aspects to evaluate include intellectual capacity, learners' attitude
toward academics, and the competence of teachers. Various factors influence students' learning
experiences, resulting in poor academic achievement (Casinillo, et al., 2020).
At the onset, the foregoing significantly impact the lives of their teachers and students as
well as it contributes to the school's success. The most perceptible role of all is that of teachers,
in as much as they oversee the school’s operations, coordinating daily activities, curricula, staff,
and schedules. They are ultimately responsible for the learning environment and set academic
goals that empower them with the necessary resources to align their classrooms with those aims.
Teachers ensure that the school environment is safe and comfortable for students. They are the
ones who manage policies and procedures so that the teachers can focus on the different fields.
Working with people, developing a partnership, balancing strategic and operational objectives,
and adjusting to change is essential for effective teachers.

Bayugan National Comprehensive High School, Bayugan City Division, composed of
junior high school teachers, is not new to the profound change in the educational system with
regards to curriculum and instruction. The school encounter challenges across the new
curriculum and its strands but still it continues to make a progress in the field of educational
system . Facilitating learning is essential in addressing any form of a problem and must find
potential solutions and resolve their roles as pedagogical teachers.
Dunkin (2018) considered that teacher competence is a matter of the degree to which a
teacher achieves the desired effects upon students. The latter defined teacher competence as the
extent to which the teacher possesses the requisite knowledge and skills, and teacher
performance as the way a teacher behaves in the process of teaching. Teacher’ effectiveness is
used broadly to mean the collection of characteristics, competencies, and behaviors of teachers at
all educational levels that enable students to reach desired outcomes, which may include the
attainment of specific learning objectives as well as broader goals such as being able to solve
problems, think critically, work collaboratively, and become effective citizens.
Pursuant to DepEd Order No. 42, s. 2017, it is hereby informed of the National Adoption
and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).
The adoption and implementation of the new Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers
recognizes the importance of professional standards in the continuing professional development
and advancement of teachers based on the principle of lifelong learning. It is
committed to supporting teachers to deliver quality teaching, which is vital in raising students’
achievement.
Many of the studies on competencies of teachers focus on the teaching role of teachers in
the classroom rather than teachers’ competencies. Teachers’ competencies have been broadening
with respect to reform studies in education, development of teacher education, scientific results
of educational science and other fields. The aims of education change very quickly depending on
the curriculum development which directly affect educational system. Teachers are responsible
in the procedural standards in educational system, and they need strong and efficient
professional competencies.
With this study, the researcher hopes to provide aspiring teachers of special program in
the arts in junior high school with space for reflecting and analyzing the realities they encounter
in education. Furthermore, this study will also contribute to personal growth and professional
development of junior high school teachers. This could provide implications to analyze and
better understand the methods and strategies in the delivery of the instruction and challenging
situations present daily in school. It will enable teachers to face complex problems and make
decisions in a responsible, reflective, empathetic, and assertive way, which will help improve the
quality of education for the future educators in our country.

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Conceptualizing teacher knowledge is a complex issue that involves understanding key

teachers and schools is to develop a shared understanding of what excellent practice

instructional practices that evidence suggests work well in most.

As stewards of schools, teachers play a crucial role in ensuring an enabling and

interactions in teaching and learning environments.

Teaching at every stage necessitates exposing learners to some type of engagement or

experiences, resulting in poor academic achievement (Casinillo, et al., 2020).

and adjusting to change is essential for effective teachers.

potential solutions and resolve their roles as pedagogical teachers.

problems, think critically, work collaboratively, and become effective citizens.

and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).

recognizes the importance of professional standards in the continuing professional development

and advancement of teachers based on the principle of lifelong learning. It is

quality of education for the future educators in our country.

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