Multivector Review and Training Center

PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

Areas of Triangles
Given base and altitude:

1
A bh h h
2

b b

Given two sides and included angle:

1 h h
A ab sin  
2

Given two angles and included side:

C
1 (b 2 sin A sin C)
A
2 sin B
1 (a 2 sin C sin B ) b a
A
2 sin A
1 (c 2 sin A sin B )
A A B
2 sin C c
Given the three sides:
Hero’s Formula:

A  s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)

b a
where :
abc
s
2 c

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Circle Circumscribing aTriangle (Circumcircle)

abc
AT 
4R
ab
d c a
hc

where: R = radius of circle II. R hc

AT = area of triangle b
d = diameter of circle
hc = altitude of the third side
R = radius of the circle

Circle Inscribed in a Triangle (Incircle)

A t  Rs
where:
a b
abc
s
2
R

Circle Escribed in a Triangle (Excircle)

A  R s  a 
I. R
c a

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Quadrilaterals
a
Square:

A = a2
P = 4a a a a

b
Rectangle:

A = bh
P = 2(b + h)
h h

Paralleleogram:
Given base and altitude:

A = bh h

b
Given two sides and included angle:

A = ab sin  a
P = 2a + 2b

b
Given diagonals and their included angle:
d2
1
A d1d 2 sin 
2 d1 

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Rhombus:
Given base and altitude
a

A = ah a h a

a
Given side and included angle

A = a2sin
P = 4a a

a
Given diagonals

1
A d1d 2
2 d1 d2

b1
1
A  ( b1  b 2 )
2 h

b2

General Quadrilateral: (Unequal sides)

Given diagonals

1
A d1d 2 sin 
2 d1 
d2

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Given four sides and sum of opposite angles

A a  (s  a)(s  b)(s  c)(s  d)  abcd cos 2 

C
where: b
B
AC BD
 or  
2 2
abcd a c
s
2
A
d D

Ptolemy’s Theorem
b

d1d2 = ac + bd a c
d1 d2

Cyclic Quadrilateral: (Bramaguptha’s Formula) C

b
A q  (s  a)(s  b)(s  c)(s  d) B
(ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc )
R a c c
4A
where : R
abcd
s
2 A d
D

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Circle inscribed in a quadrilateral

b
A q  Rs  abcd
where :
abcd
s
2 a c
R

d
Area of Regular Polygon b
1 2  180 
A nb cot  
4  n 
P  nb

where: n = number of sides

Regular Polygon Inscribed in a Circle

1  360 
A nR 2 sin 
2  n 
 180 
P  2nR sin 
 n 
R

Regular Polygon Circumscribing a Circle

 180 
A  nR 2 tan 
 n 
 180 
P  2nR tan 
 n  III. R

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Central Angle and Inscribed Angle: ()

 = 2

Intersecting Chords C
B
1
  (arc AC  arc BD ) c b
2
ab  cd 
d
a
D
A
Intersecting Tangents

C
B
1
  (arc ABC  arc ADC ) 
2 D

Intersecting Tangent and Chord

1
 arc AB A 
2

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Ellipse
1.
A = ab
(a 2  b 2 ) a
P  2
2

Parabolic Segment

2
A ab
3
h
c b 2  4h  c 
P  ln b
2 8h  b 

where :
b
c  b 2  16h 2

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