Unit 01 Grade 08 Online Class Room

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08 fY%aKsh-úoHdj 2022
01' laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu

m<uqjk tallhg wod, ish¨ isoaOdka; wdjrKh lr

we;' wdo¾Y m%Yak iy ms<s;=re o wka;¾.;h'

ieliqu - yis; fyÜáwdrÉÑ

(Dip. In Sci. N.I.E./O.U.S.L.)
 01' laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu
1'1 laIqø Ôùka
1'2 laIqø Ôùka wdydr u; we;s lrk n,mEu
1'3 laIqø Ôùka u`.ska ñksidg yd ñksia l%shdldrlïj,g
we;s jk n,mEu
1'1 laIqø Ôùka
 ;ks ffi,hlska fyda ffi, lsysmhlska f.dvke.S we;s" msfhú weig
meyeÈ,sj fkdfmfkk Ôùka" laIqø Ôùka f,i ye¢kafõ'
Wod -

nelaàßhd hSiaÜ weónd (Amoeba)

È,Sr úfYaIhla jk we,a.S úfYaIhla jk meróishï (Paramecium)

ñhql¾ (Mucor) la,eñfvdfudkdia
(Chlamydomonas)

 ffjria laIqø Ôùka hgf;a idlÉPd l< o th Ôù o

wÔù o hkak ms<sn|j iaÓr ks.ukhlg t<U
fkdue;' ffjria fmkajk tlu Ôù ,laIKh
m%ckkh muKla jk w;r m%udKfhka b;d l=vd
neúka ksÍlaIKh lsÍu i|yd bf,lafg%dak
wKaùlaIh Ndú; l< hq;= fõ'

 uq,a jrg laIqø Ôùka ksÍlaIKh lrk ,oafoa

j¾I 1674 § muK wekagka jEka ,Sjkayqla
(Antonievan Leeuwenhoek) keue;s
fko¾,ka; cd;sl úoHd{hd úisks' ta ir,
wKaùlaIh fidhd .ekSu;a iu.hs'
1'2 laIqø Ôùka wdydr u; we;s lrk n,mEu
 l%shdldrlu 1 - mdka fm;a; u;g c,h iaj,amhla úiqrejd" Èk
;=kla muK ;nd wdf,dal wKaùlaIfha wjn,h hgf;a ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'

È,Sr iys; mdka fm;a; mdka mqia$ ñhql¾ (Mucor)

 l%shdldrlu 2 - iSks f;a ye¢ follg" c,h 200 ml muK oud Èh

lr hSiaÜ f;a ye¢ tlla oud ñks;a;= 20 la muK ;nd ksÍlaIKh
lrkak'
ødjKfha fmK iE§u yd
iq¿ jYfhka r;a ùu isÿ fõ' tfuka u
iSks u; hSiaÜj, l%shdldß;ajh ksid
t;s,a uoHidrh iEfok neúka tys
uoHidr .kaOh ixfõokh l< yels h' iSks yd hSiÜ
a
iys; c, ødjKh

 l%shdldrlu 3 - w¨;ska idod .;a hSiaÜ iy iSks

ødjK ñY%Kh fnda;,hg oud tys újD;
fl<jrg neÆkh iïnkaO lr ñks;a;= 20g muK
miq ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
iSks ødjKh u; isÿjk hSiaÜj,
l%shdldß;ajh ksid ksmofjk ldnka vfhdlaihsâ
jdhqj ksid neÆkh msïî we;s nj ksÍlaIKh l<
yels h'
 fílß ksIamdok ieliSfï § hSiaÜ b;d jeo.;a fõ' tys § ksmofjk
ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj ksid mdkaj, iújr njla we;s fõ' th
mdka msmSu f,i y÷kajhs' mdka ms<siaiSfï § t;s,a uoHidrh jdIam
f,i msg fõ'

hSiaÜj, l%shdldß;ajh ksid mdka msmSu isÿ ù we;s whqre

  laIqø Ôù l%shdldß;ajh ksid wdydr mßfNdackhg .ekSug kqiqÿiq
;;a;ajhg m;a ùu wdydr krla ùu f,i ye¢kafõ' Wod -
 iSks nyq, wdydr - meiSu (fermentation)
 fm%daàka nyq, wdydr - mQ;sNjkh (putrefaction)
 ,smsv nyq, wdydr - uqvq ùu (rancidity)

 laIqø Ôùka úiska ksmojkq ,nk tkaihsu u.ska wdydrfha úúO

fjkialï isÿfõ' Wod -
 rih fjkia ùu'
 .kaOh fjkia ùu'
 j¾Kh fjkia ùu'
 jhkh fjkia ùu'
 fmdaIK .=Kh fjkia ùu'

 laIqø Ôùkaf.a j¾Okhg iqÿiq Wmia;rhla" c,h" fhda.H WIaK;aj

yd pH mrdi we;' f;;ukh yd WIaK;ajh laIqøÔù l%shdldß;ajh
i|yd fya;= jk m%Odk idOl fõ' YS;lrKhl ;enQ wdydr u;
laIqø Ôù l%shdldß;ajh wju jkafka tu mßirfha f;;ukh yd
WIaK;ajh md,kh lr we;s neúks'

1'3 laIqø Ôùka u.ska ñksidg yd ñksia l%shdldrlïj,g we;s jk

n,mEu
 laIqø Ôùkaf.a ys;lr n,mEï
1. úúO l¾udka; i|yd laIqø Ôùka Ndú; lsrSu'

lsß ñoùu fhda.Ü ksIamdokh Öia ksIamdokh fílß wdydr ksIamdokh

m%;sÔjl T!IO m%;sYla;slrK úkdlsß yd uoHidr wdydrhla ^y;=&

ksIamdokh tkak;a ksIamdokh ksIamdokh f,i fhdod .ekSu
 fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr Ôj jdhq ksIamdokh fldyq l¾udka;h
iE§u

2. uereKq Ydl yd i;a;aj fldgia úfhdackh lsrSu'

3. m<sfndaOlhska md,kh lsÍu i|yd fhdod .ekSu'
 laIqø Ôùkaf.a wys;lr n,mEï
1. wdydr krla lsrSu'

t<j¿ u; j¾Okh mdka u; j¾Okh m,;=re u; j¾Okh

jk laIqø Ôùka jk laIqø Ôùka jk laIqø Ôùka

2. ñksidg fnda jk frda. iEoSu'

I. ffjria u.ska
 fiïm%;sYHdj
 fvx.=
 fmda,sfhda
 fldúâ
 fymghsàia
 mefmd, fvx.= rla;md; wjia:djla
 bfnda,d
 AIDS ^taâia& mßÑ; m%;sYla;s W!k;d iyidOlh /
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
 c,NS;sldj
II. fm%dfgdfidajd u.ska
 uef,aßhdj
 ,SIaudkshdj (leishmaniasis)
 weónd w;Sidrh
 III. nelaàßhd u.ska
 laIhfrda.h
 ,dÿre
 WKikaksmd;h
 fld<rdj
 llal,a leiai
 ksõfudakshdj ,dÿre frda.h ksid we;s jk
 .,mg,h
 msg.eiau
 uef,a,shdj
 is*s,sia
 irïm

IV. È,Sr u.ska

 w¿yï
 oo iu u; w¿yï iE§u

3. i;=kag frda. iEoSu'

c,NS;sldj je<÷Kq nqre¨ m%odyh uqL yd l=r frda.h

iqkLfhla je<÷Kq t<fokla je<÷Kq .jfhla

4. Ydlj,g frda. iEoSu'

wx.udr frda.hg f.dÿre m;% úÑ;% frda.hg fld< fldv ùu

frda.hg jQ w¾;dm,a Ydlhla f.dÿre jQ mefmd,a Ydlhla f.dÿre jQ ñßia Ydlhl
 5. wÔù mDIAG u; j¾Okh ù tajdg ydks isÿ lsrSu'

we÷ï u; j¾Okh f.dvke.s,s ì;a;s u; oej u; j¾Okh

jk È,Sr ^l¿ mqia& j¾Okh jk È,Sr jk È,Sr

fm< fmd; wNHdi

wNHdi ms<s;=re

1.
I. (√)
II. (x)
III. (√)
IV. (√)
V. (√)
2.
I. irïm
II. iSks nyq, wdydr
III. a yd b
IV. uqvq ùu
V. irïm
VI. uereKq Ydl yd i;a;aj fldgia úfhdackh'

3.
I. nelaàßhd" we,a.S" È,Sr " fm%dfgdfidajd'
II. WIaK;ajh" f;;ukh" pH w.h'
III. m%;sYla;slrK tkak;a" úkdlsß yd uoHidr" lsß" fhda.Ü" Öia
fílß wdydr'
IV. f;;ukh'
V. irïm
VI. m%;sYla;slrK tkak;a ksIamdokh'
m%;sÔjl T!IO ksIamdokh'

mdßNdIsl jpk
laIqø Ôùka - Microorganisms
wKaùlaISh - Microscopic
wdydr krla ùu - Food spoilage
laIqø Ôù ydhkh - Microbial degradation
laIqø Ôù Ndú; - Usage of microbes
fndajk frda. - Infectious diseases
 A fldgi
01' lafIa;% pdrsldjl oS laIqø csù ksßlaIKhg fhdod.kq ,nk WmlrK 3la i|yka lrkak¡
02' laIqø csùka ksÍlaIKh m%:u jrg isoql< jsoHd{hd ljqreka qo @
03' weónd yd meróishï wh;ajk laIqø csú ldKavh l=ulao @
04 fílß l¾udka;fha § fhdod .kakd laIqø cSúhdf.a ku l=ula o @
05' laIqø csùka j¾Okhg ys;lr WIaK;aj mrdih l=ulao @
06' mq;sNjkh isÿjkafka l=uk wydr fmdaIl j¾.h wvx.= wdydr u; laIqø cSù l%shdldrS;ajh
ksid o@
07' È,sr u.ska we;slrk yfï frda.h l=ulao @
08' uqL yd l=r frda.h we;sjkafka l=uk i;=kga o@
09' laIqø csùka fya;=fjka ñßia j,g je,fok frda.h l=ulao @
10' laIqø csùka ksid wd¾Óluh wjdishla we;ssjk wjia:djla i|yka lrkak¡

1
 kd,kaod úoHd,h
NALANDA
- fld<U 10
tall mÍlaIK jHdmD;sh
VIDYALAYA
NALANDA tallh 01 – CIqø Ôùkaf.a
8 fY%aKsh úoHdj
VIDYALAYA jeo.;alu
s
● jvd;a ksjerÈ ms<s;=r f;dard háka brla w¢kak'
01& my; ,CIK w;ßka CIqø Ôùkag fmdÿ ,CIKh l=ulao @
1& CIqø Ôùkag we;af;a ;ks ffi,hls'
2& jdhqf.da,h" c,h yd mfiys muKla Ôj;a fõ'
3& ;ksj .;al< mshú weig fkdfmfkk Ôùka h'
4& ish¨ CIqø Ôùka Ydl j,g frda. we;s lrhs'

02& my; frda.h idok CIqøÔúhd ksjerÈj oelafjk ms<s;=r jkafka"

1& ,dÿre - ffjria 2& CIh frda.h - fm%dfgdafidajd
3& WK - nelaàßhd 4& w`Myï - È,Sr

03& CIqø Ôùka muKla wvx.= ms<s;=r jkafka"

1& nelaàßhd" È,Sr" biaf.ähd 2& hSiaÜ" .evú,d" meróishï
3& È,Sr" uÿre lSghd" meróishï 4& meróishï" weónd" nelaàßhd

04& CIqø Ôùkaf.ka we;s wys;lr n,mEu l=ula o@

1& m%;sYla;slrK tkak;a ksmoùu 2& m;% úÑ;% frda.hg f.dÿreùu'
3& fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr ksmoùu' 4& Ôj jdhqj ksmoùu'

05& uq,ajrg CIqø Ôùka ksÍCIKh l< mqoa.,hd ljfrlao @

1& wekagka jEka ,sjkayqla 2& wef,laiekav¾ *af,ñx
3& fnkacñka *a?kala,ska 4& whsiela ksõgka
06& l,a.; jQ mdka lene,a,la u; l`M meye;s mqia yg f.k we;s nj oelsh yels úh' tu mq ia
j¾.h"
1& hSiaÜ h' 2& thq.a,skd h' 3& ñhql¾ h' 4& we,a.S h'

07& iSks ødjKhla u; hSiaÜ l%shd l< úg iEÈh yels jdhqj jkafka"
1& Tlaisckah' 2& yhsv%ckah' 3& ldnkavfhdlaihsâh' 4& khsg%ckah'

08& my; wdydr u; CIqøÔùkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ksjerÈj y÷kajd fkdue;af;a"

1& leì,s - meiSu' 2& l=l=,a uia - uqvqùu'
3& ud`M - mQ;sNjkh 4& ng¾ - uqvqùu

09& CIqøÔùkaf.a j¾Okhg ys;lru WIaK;aj mrdih"

1& 250C - 300C 2& 200C - 250C 3& 300C - 450C 4& 100C - 200C
10& ffjria u.ska ñksidg we;s jk frda.hls'
1& fvx.= 2& weónd w;Sidrh 3& oo 4& ,sIaudkshdj

1
● my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'
01 CIqø Ôùka iEu mßirhlu Ôj;a fõ'
i' jdhqf.da,h" mi" c,h" Ôù foay yereK úg CIqø Ôùka ðj;a jk mßir 3 la ,shkak'
ii' Tn okakd È,Sr úfYaI 2 l kï ,shkak'
iii' ffjria ksÍCIKh lsÍug l=uk wkaùCIhla Ndú;d lrhso @
iv' wdydr krlaùug m%Odk fya;=j CIqøÔùkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajhhs' wdydrhla krla jQ nj y÷kd
.; yels ,CIK 3 la ,shkak'
v' YS;lrKhl ;enQ wdydr u; CIqøÔù l%shdj wju fõ' fuys§ md,kh lrk idOl 2 la kï
lrkak'
02& my; oelafjkafka CIqøÔù l%shd wdo¾Ykhg ilia l< wegjquls'

B
C
fmr miq
i' by; wegjqfuys A, B, C kï lrkak'
ii' fuys§ oelsh yels ksÍCIK 3 la ,shkak'
iii' fuys§ uoHidr .kaOhla ixfõokh l< yelsh' tys§ iEfok øjH kï lrkak'
iv' fílß wdydr ksmoùug Ndú;d lrk CIqøÔúhd ljfrlao @
v' tys§ wdydr msmSu isÿjkafka flfiao @
vi' CIqøÔùkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajhg wjYH m%Odk idOl 3 kï lrkak'
03& CIqøÔùka ñksidg m%fhdackj;a fukau ydksodhlo fõ'
i' w;S;fha isg CIqøÔùka Ndú;fhka isÿl< l¾udka; 4 la ,shkak'
ii' CIqøÔùkaf.ka ñksidg we;s wys;lr n,mEï 3 la i|yka lrkak'
iii' CIqøÔùkaf.ka i;=kag je<f|k frda. 2 la kï lrkak'
iv' fm%dfgdafidajdjka u.ska ñksidg iEfok frda. 3 i|yka lrkak'
v' CIqøÔùkaf.ka my; Ydl j,g je<f|k frda. fudkjdo @
a' w¾;dm,a - b' mefmd,a - c' ñßia - d' flfi,a -
04& my; m%ldY ksjerÈ kï ^ & ,l=Ko jerÈ kï ^x& ,l=Ko fhdokak'
i' msÿre m,ajk c,fha meróishï oelsh yel' ^ &
ii' we÷ï j, j¾Okh jk l`M mqia nelaàßhdjls' ^ &
iii' mßir iu;=,s;;dj wdrCId lsÍug CIqøÔùka jeo.;a fkdfõ' ^ &
iv' m<sfndaOlhska md,khg CIqøÔùka Wojq fõ' ^ &
v' CIqøÔùka úiska ksmojk tkaihsu ksid wdydr krla fõ' ^ &
vi' ffjria Ôù ,CIK fukau wÔù ,CIKo fmkajhs' ^ &
vii' la,eñfvdfudkdia hkq ffjria úfYaIhls' ^ &
viii'hSiaÜ hkq tal ffi,sl È,Sr úfYaIhls' ^ &
ix' WKq Èh W,am;a ;=< CIqøÔùkag Ôj;a úh fkdyel' ^ &
x' wdydrhl j¾Kh yd fmdaIK .=Kh muKla fjkiaùu wdydr krlaùu f,i y÷kajhs'^ &

tÉ¡tï¡ã¡à¡Â¡ y|mdkaf.dv

2
 Answer

A fldgi
^,l=Kq 10&
1. wdf,dal wkaùlaIh" bf,lafg%dksl wkaùlaIh" w;a ldph
2. wekagka jEka ,Sjkayqla
3. fm%dfgdfidjd
4. hSiaÜ
5. 25oC - 30oC
6. fm%daàka nyq,j wvx.= wdydr
7. w¿yï" oo
8. .jhkag
9. fld< fldv ùu
10. ñksidf.a we÷ï u;" f.dvke.s,s ì;a;s u;" oej NdKav u;
laIqø Ôùka j¾Okh ùu'

B fldgi
^,l=Kq 40&
1.
1. ;ks ffi,hlska fyda ffi, lsysmhlska f.dvke.S we;s"
msfhú weig meyeÈ,sj fkdfmfkk Ôùka" laIqø Ôùka
f,i ye¢kafõ'
2. jdhqf.da,h" c,h" mi" Ôù foay u; yd Ôù foay ;=< fuka
u wdka;sl mßir j,
3. nelaàßhd" we,a.S" È,Sr" fm%dfgdfidjd
2.
1. j¾Kh" jhkh" .kaOh yd fmkqu fjkia fõ'
2. iqÿiq Wmia;rhla" f;;ukh" iqÿiq WIaK;ajh" iqÿiq pH
mrdih'
3. iSks nyq, wdydr meiSu" fm%daàka nyq, wdydr mQ;sNjkh"
,smsv nyq,j wvx.= wdydr uqvq ùu'
3.
1. l¾udka; i|yd fhdod .ekSug yels ùu" uereKq Ydl yd
i;a;aj fldgia úfhdackh iy ffcj m<sfndaO md,kh'

2. m<sfndaOhska md,kh lsÍu i|yd o laIqø Ôùka jeks Ôùka

fhdod .ekSu'

3. ffjria u.ska - fiïm%;sYHdj" fvx.="

fmda,sfhda" mßÑ; m%;sYla;s
W!k;d iyidOlh
nelaàßhd u.ska - laIhfrda.h" ,dÿre"
WKikaksmd;h
fm%dfgdfidajd u.ska - uef,aßhdj" ,SIaudkshdj" weónd
w;Sidrh
È,Sr u.ska - w¿yï" oo

4. wx.udr frda.h - w¾;dm,a

m;% úÑ;% frda.h - mefmd,a
fld< fldv ùu frda.h - ñßia

5. c,NS;sldj - iqkLhkag
nqre¨ m%odyh - t<fokakqkag
uqL yd l=r frda.h - .jhkag

^,l=Kq 2 x 50 = 100%
 Answer
1.
i. ysu l÷" ldka;dr" id.r m;=," WKq Èh W,am;a yd ,jK
j.=re ^,l=Kq 3&
ii. hSiaÜ" mdka mqia ^ ñhql¾& ^,l=Kq 2&
iii. bf,lafg%dksl wkaùlaIh ^,l=Kq 1&
iv. wdydrj, j¾Kh" jhkh" .kaOh yd fmkqu fjkia ùu'
^,l=Kq 3&
v. f;;ukh iy WIaK;ajh ^,l=Kq 2&

2.
i. A neÆkh
B fnda;,h
C iSks yd hSiaÜ iys; c, ødjKh ^,l=Kq 3&
ii. ødjKfha fmK iE§u'
ødjKh iq¿ jYfhka r;a ùu'
neÆkh msïîu ^,l=Kq 3&
iii. t;s,a uoHidrh ^,l=Kq 1&
iv. hSiaÜ ^,l=Kq 1&
v. hSiaÜj, l%shdldß;ajh ksid mdka ksIamdok isÿ lrk úg§"
ksmofjk ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj ksid mdkaj, iújr
njla we;s fõ' th mdka msmSu f,i y÷kajhs' ^,l=Kq 2&
vi. iqÿiq Wmia;rhla" f;;ukh" iqÿiq WIaK;ajh" iqÿiq pH
mrdih' ^,l=Kq 3&
3.
i. lsß ñoùu" fhda.Ü ksIamdokh" Öia ksIamdokh" fílß
wdydr ksIamdokh" úkdlsß yd uoHidr ksIamdokh"
fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr iE§u" Ôj jdhq ksIamdokh fldyq
l¾udka;h' ^,l=Kq 4&
ii. i;=kag;a" fnda. j.dj,g;a úúO fnda jk frda. iEoSu"
ñksidg fnda jk frda. iEoSu" wdydr krla lsrSu" ñksidf.a
we÷ï u;" f.dvke.s,s ì;a;s u;" oej NdKav u; laIqø
Ôùka j¾Okh ùu ksid tajdg wd¾Óluh ydks isÿ lsrSu'
^,l=Kq 3&
iii. c,NS;sldj - iqkLhkag
nqre¨ m%odyh - t<fokakqkag
uqL yd l=r frda.h - .jhkag ^,l=Kq 2&
iv. uef,aßhdj" ,SIaudkshdj" weónd w;Sidrh' ^,l=Kq 3&
v. a. w¾;dm,a - wx.udr frda.h
b. mefmd,a - m;% úÑ;% frda.h" msámqia frda.h
c. ñßia - fld< fldv ùu frda.h
d. flfi,a - ue,ùu ^,l=Kq 4&

4.
i. msÿre m,ajk c,fha meróishï oelsh yel' ^√&
ii. we÷ï j, j¾Okh jk l`M mqia nelaàßhdjls' ^x&
iii. mßir iu;=,s;;dj wdrCId lsÍug CIqøÔùka jeo.;a
fkdfõ' ^x&
iv. m<sfndaOlhska md,khg CIqøÔùka Wojq fõ' ^√&
v. CIqøÔùka úiska ksmojk tkaihsu ksid wdydr krla fõ'
^√&
vi. ffjria Ôù ,CIK fukau wÔù ,CIKo fmkajhs' ^√&
vii. la,eñfvdfudkdia hkq ffjria úfYaIhls' ^x&
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(Dip. In Sci. N.I.E./O.U.S.L.)

3 in 1 youtube kd,sldj Tiafia kerôh yelsh'