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MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT - Class Notes - Foundation Mind-Map

The document summarizes key concepts about electricity and magnetism. It describes how Oersted discovered in 1820 that an electric current passing through a wire can deflect a nearby compass needle, showing a relationship between electricity and magnetism. It also outlines magnetic field lines and their properties, how current-carrying conductors create magnetic fields, and differences between alternating and direct current. Domestic electric circuits are discussed, including live, neutral, and earth wires as well as circuit breakers and fuse usage.

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megha rohilla
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451 views25 pages

MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT - Class Notes - Foundation Mind-Map

The document summarizes key concepts about electricity and magnetism. It describes how Oersted discovered in 1820 that an electric current passing through a wire can deflect a nearby compass needle, showing a relationship between electricity and magnetism. It also outlines magnetic field lines and their properties, how current-carrying conductors create magnetic fields, and differences between alternating and direct current. Domestic electric circuits are discussed, including live, neutral, and earth wires as well as circuit breakers and fuse usage.

Uploaded by

megha rohilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOUNDATION MIND MAP

MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT


By – Rakshak Sir
In 1820, he accidently discovered that a compass
needle get deflected when an electric current passed
through a metallic wire placed nearby. This observation
shows a relationship between electricity and magnetism.
ACTIVITY

OBSERVATION ❑ The needle gets deflected.


❑ It means that the electric
current through the copper
wire has produced a
magnetic effect.
❑ Electricity and magnetism
are linked to each other.
MAGNETIC FIELD
❑ The area around a magnet in
which other magnet feels force of
attraction or repulsion.
❑ Likes poles repel each other.
❑ Unlike poles attract each other.

N S
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
❑ The closed curved imaginary lines
in the magnetic field which indicate
the direction of motion of north pole
in the magnetic field .
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
❑ Lines originate from north pole
and end at south pole of the
magnet.
❑ Lines are closed curve.
❑ They never intersect each other
❑ They are crowded near the poles
where the magnetic field is strong.
❑ The tangent at any point on the
magnetic line gives the direction of
the magnetic field at the point.
Current-Carrying Conductor

If current flows from SOUTH If current flows from


to NORTH. The north pole of NORTH to SOUTH. The
the compass needle would north pole of the compass
move towards the WEST. needle would move
(SNOW rule) towards the EAST.
RIGHT HAND THUMB RULE

❑If a current carrying conductor is


imagined to be held in your right hand
such that the thumb points along the
direction of current, then the direction
of the wrapped fingers will give the
direction of magnetic field lines.
Magnetic field created due to current

Straight Circular Solenoid


conductor loop
Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
❖Direction of magnetic field is anti-clockwise
Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
❖Direction of magnetic field is clockwise
Straight Current-Carrying Conductor

❑ Magnetic field lines are


concentrated circles around the
centre of the wire .
❑ Direction can be given by Right
hand thumb rule.
❑ Circles are closer to conductor.
❑ Magnitude of the magnetic field
increases current is increased.
❑ Magnitude of the magnetic field
decreases if current is decreases.
Current-Carrying Circular loop

❑ Magnetic field lines are


concentrated circles at every point
of the wire.
❑Circles become larger and larger as
we move away.
❑It appears as a straight line at the
centre of the loop.
❑The direction of magnetic current
inside the loop is same.
SOLENOID

❑A coil of many circular turns of


insulated copper wire wrapped
closely in the shape of cylinder is
called solenoid.
Current-Carrying Solenoid
❑ when electric current flows
through solenoid then magnetic
field around the solenoid is
similar to bar magnet.
❑ One end of solenoid act as a north
pole and other act as south pole.
❑ Field lines inside the solenoid are
parallel to each other.
❑ The strength of magnetic field
inside the solenoid is same.
❑ Current carrying solenoid is called
an electromagnet.
Force on a current-carrying conductor
FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE F

➢ It stated as stretching the forefinger, middle


finger, and thumb of the left hand such that they
are mutually perpendicular to each other.
➢ Here, the forefinger indicates the direction of the
magnetic field.
➢ The middle finger indicates the direction of current
in the conductor.
➢ The thumb indicates the direction of force.
Difference between AC&DC
Alternating current Direct current

▪ It is safe to transfer longer distance even ▪ It can not travel for a very long
between two cities and maintain the distance.
electric power.
▪ The frequency of AC is depended upon ▪ It has no frequency of zero frequency.
the country but, the generally frequency
is 50Hz or 60Hz.
▪ The flow of current changes its direction ▪ The flow of current moves in single
background periodically. direction.
▪ Electrons keep on changing its directions. ▪ Electrons only move in one direction.
▪ AC is less expensive. ▪ DC is expensive.
Difference between AC&DC
Alternating current Direct current

voltage voltage

Time Time
Wires used in domestic circuits

POSITIVE EARTH WIRE NEGATIVE


LIVE WIRE NEUTRAL

▪ The brown cable is ▪ The green wires are ▪ The blue wire is known
known as the live the grounding/earthi as the neutral wire.
wire. ng wires in the ▪ its job is to take
▪ It delivers electricity circuit. electricity away from an
from the power appliance
supply to your
appliance.
DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

▪ Electricity is supplied to our houses


at 220V.
▪ The electric line is connected to the meter-
box in a house through a fuse of high
rating (company fuse).
MAINS HAVE 2 CIRCUITS

5A FOR LOWER POWER


CONSUMPTION : bulbs, fans

15A FOR HIGHER POWER


CONSUMPTION :geysers, air coolers
Hazards of domestic circuits
OVERLOADING
❑ The excessive flow current due
to overuse of applications.
❑ It can occur due to an
accidental hike in the supply
voltage.

SHORT CIRCUIT
➢ Flow of high current in the
circuit when live and neutral
wires come in direct contact.
FUSE

❑ Used for protecting the circuits due to


short circuiting or overloading of the
circuits.

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