Scribd
Upload
53 views

Compression Test

The document discusses performing a compression test to determine the compressive strength of brittle materials using a Universal Testing Machine. A compression test subjects the specimen to compressive loads that squeeze it, unlike a tensile test. Specimens are generally cylindrical and their ends must be flat to ensure uniform load distribution. The test involves measuring the specimen, centering it between compression plates, applying increasing load until failure, and calculating compressive strength based on the load and original cross-sectional area.

Uploaded by

sonawanepms
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views

Compression Test

The document discusses performing a compression test to determine the compressive strength of brittle materials using a Universal Testing Machine. A compression test subjects the specimen to compressive loads that squeeze it, unlike a tensile test. Specimens are generally cylindrical and their ends must be flat to ensure uniform load distribution. The test involves measuring the specimen, centering it between compression plates, applying increasing load until failure, and calculating compressive strength based on the load and original cross-sectional area.

Uploaded by

sonawanepms
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

AIM:- Compression test for Brittle material on Universal Testing Machine.

THEORY:- Several m/c and structure components such as columns and struts are subjected to
compressive load in applications. These components are made of high compressive strength
materials. Not all the materials are strong in compression. Several materials, which are good in
tension, are poor in compression. Contrary to this, many materials poor in tension but very strong
in compression. Cast iron is one such example. That is why determine of ultimate compressive
strength is essential before using a material. This strength is determined by conduct of a
compression test.

Compression test is just opposite in nature to tensile test. Nature of deformation and fracture is
quite different from that in tensile test. Compressive load tends to squeeze the specimen. Brittle
materials are generally weak in tension but strong in compression. Hence this test is normally
performed on cast iron, cement concrete etc. But ductile materials like aluminium and mild steel
which are strong in tension, are also tested in compression.

TEST SET-UP, SPECIFICATION OF M/C AND SPECIMEN DETAILS :

A compression test can be performed on UTM by keeping the test-piece on base block (see in
fig.) and moving down the central grip to apply load. It can also be performed on a compression
testing machine. A compression testing machine shown in fig. it has two compression
plates/heads. The upper head moveable while the lower head is stationary. One of the two heads
is equipped with a hemispherical bearing to obtain. Uniform distribution of load over the test-
piece ends. A load gauge is fitted for recording the applied load.

SPECIMEN:- In cylindrical specimen, it is essential to keep h/d < 2 to avoid lateral instability
due to bucking action. Specimen size = h < 2d.

PROCEDURE :-

1. Dimension of test piece is measured at three different places along its height/length to
determine the average cross-section area.

2. Ends of the specimen should be plane . for that the ends are tested on a bearing plate.

3. The specimen is placed centrally between the two compression plates, such that the centre of
moving head is vertically above the centre of specimen.

4. Load is applied on the specimen by moving the movable head.

5. The load and corresponding contraction are measured at different intervals. The load interval
may be as 500 kg.

6. Load is applied until the specimen fails.


OBSERVATION :-

1. Initial length or height of specimen h =————– mm.

2. Initial diameter of specimen do =——————– mm.

CALCULATION :-

· Original cross-section area Ao =——

· Final cross-section area Af =——–

· Stress =——-

RESULT :- The compressive strength of given specimen =——————- Nmm2

You might also like