ARYA Institute of Engg.

Technology & Management

Approved by AICTE &Aftiliated to RTU
AET 29, Omaxe City, Ajmer Road, Jaipur
302026 (Raj.) Contact: 0141-5153400

CHAPTER -V
A*°E Lecture NO. ,
* * * * ' * * * * ' * * *

Topic: MONtHIM 9.RCoAKa.. Unit.

LOmpomet aHYDC Hem

ISmoothinmg eactoai
he Smaathmim9 aeaces have manyimCtins a
9ive Lalms
Commnlutoicmallue im
sthey aeduce Ha imudemce
lmveteaa Cauused ydiks im tuAC
VoJtage at i
ConYCAtea

he ENet Comseuent Commctotiom allusA im-

imY rters k BCducimg a sate o zise O dliset
Cuznemt imt lruide Whem u dincct VoHoge a
Callape_
amothea Seiez: CommentedWridge

he &moatn h u ILbkle Jm dinest CunnenAT lm Cndez

atE
d pzeNCant thi Cuuaafmt WAcmimg di&tamtimnCL
Lgnt locd

he deacoJe haim@mic Vofayes amd Curaemt Imtu

DG m e

hey limit u Caeit CunttImu KELLAIea dua do a

Shoxt CIxt Cm tu DG Lime

nC imt t aCt imcts yallCA duimg ths ComCrtta

! Hha uir ope2ai@m,due to u disehaxge c Shit
Capackamcez O u DCime. Name of Lecturer
. . ** ************************* ***************
 for y3tem aith OC trammiitl@n llme du mducter
Vawe m O94H to l 5H have lreo lied rrku
to kaLK HYDDC stemahu volue Tamge taCm 12mH
Je_
2m mH ha ejet y lmducio VaUue m tiDeLtn|
amt aeuenc CCamepondimq to H i i t eal Q te
ddmi tamCe a ean h Convete al a Jmcicm a
u Dc JiLea 14 Shom im jig

L
L2

e
C- ter Copaitmce
- moothaim1 Ctos \mdutame
J eIex ChenaT aen o a
mducte {LmcHem Smodtain
amd dLtCZ Copautamce
this Show hat a CEmaM sezn
ImCacaim mducamce._ rduzed
he mductamce Value
MYtEeim ricaly ComJa
twitnVandaiomLmL dxe OUntmt he Cuae
e ConTTLHO7. tSmacthmua19
Cater hel de mtt
 ***********"'*** *** **** **************'*****

AL dault Cuanent lm u DC ime a menticd

alove Cae dce not get atated u
lt CLanenat

he lacaiono ta mootheim eater CmLe.

ethen ad high Voto4e tcimimal Cx a J YCUnd
teLimal 0g ShoLwm

(b

ocation Gf Snaothmimg ACatrs

m igCb) it is ole meLceka cto have a Smal 3CALtus o he

gsdeno do lomH m l e Sde,tuueociet du Comveter
Statin aom tu Cemaeuences oighhimg åtsoke do he
ime. Ha adatoge fhaving u DCaHor cf_u aoumd
Side ithat it alouk ComYetEa9aamd Jaulk do Le
Cleaned CmvCater lAMtalL0j jmacoim9 udey am1e
J ma Umt Comtso u Uat ) . du inuwaHon leNelaf

Name of Lecturer
 t u Choice ot u OpHmum i2e 04
he Cuteu On

SL an/Tan)
VOfage (mky)
uheaa Vda amd Iam ane hu Tated dxezt
L u DC
and dzet Cuuzemt (m Ky) cspeaHyely
C e u t Jmdutamce im MH Uhich 1mcLude tu AatM-
eleakage Jmductamce Hhe S a tea ex laur da
kak HyDC mka Yauies Jncm O24 do 3 mS' Hije

Cuzzet L

ig Euuivaleat Cct Ja Callatimg Lpple

te
Amothen Ciieon Ja ta igimq othe Teatea i

ileple im uL diret Unent s a Covetacdm

a ComJtamt Yotage Sowcethxovgh a Conttan mdus
du peae Yalue aoj tu 7phle g i v e n y

feak
L (SYao/u,L -(p)cot (1/p)Sin
 ComventC H
a
he Vao tu moload dC yoltage C
Comveten Con ertedlm {eLies P 4fu
U Ymber
Putae MLmbe2 La t e mdudtamce Q e
J u mdametcl aeruemCy

haact Could olle Ri3img aj_

mahe dactes e
TCacter i te peale dizect Cuznendt duung
ärthiam Comamutruti@aJaluze
par Opezcuti@n Cauuty
ba

Ta

0 ooathim9 Culte
Feak Cuntort ai amtiOm

#DCne

DCoanaa £ecta
h e Cexa 12 deme a a admimay
`unadimg a
dgchaxge du to lGmi3aion Gt alr
Comduio Cauied a Notage qmAdeit Ctieedimg
Value the IGm13atiCm_tolkea uplace im
a2@me
a Certaim Sunoimdina
2hch L aVCayhm Caiumenemial lauen
i Comducca Sualae. Name of Lecturer . * ***** ******'***********'********
*****
 he cech a Can@na are
Caenala&s
2Radio amdedewiaion JmieaaaeneP
3 Aud lde noiac
Space Chage ield

ume alle u Jot Gne pecllla2 o DC ne

ComGna do
poweL LAA dL ito CONma
Came mxe ed a
P =2Y(k+) Kenx 2025 CdJo xJa3 kwlcit m

hee.
V 14 d l e n gnomd VoHoge im kVV
niite Numkea ou tomducte
tu Tadiu ayCash &lesondiucter Cm
na Comduaea Sujate Coejicent-thite
vaaie 0 Jadient at Ofeatimq yoltagze
imkY/Cm)
o 22 SKY/Cm Whee S= TeutHYe a2denatty
IKo =Cnduettes Sjae CoellCient uhich yaues n
Je hham Qf o r otn Cleam ladueea
do meaeHam 03 gc Camductex Witm
jcnpejAHoN
K_(2n) e (S)
H meam heijht a Cardutte
 S fole 8pauim
hadio 1atedeconce (RI)
the mastpre.domimamt Cenna
eectthat my deteaomime tu Comduia de1gm
ta Tadio Jmteenem.ce h marad ot a aez
0IMH3IMH3- amd o a neceivCa lemdwdth a 9 kg,-
a t aoi2omtal ditamce 30 Metena om u
(SuteLmot Cendich
he iRI mamiy du o t o I v e Cenoduct

diehane aCmk MegatiYe Conductur are imtu.

Hon a sionelule ulhiCh anLmlamly diatsilard
CNen t Conducter &undaLe. »aive Ceaema diiChaxes
ane ohhee the-Heaomittim Jlou, PUme dizehaze
amd teamaeaB
abnedio I (meuHe a love
ield taenqtn_QIUy Pe mctea) L Canpiakally Gltned

RI-95+loJom t 20gr :5 (9-3

Aidua to e poiHVe_Comductea u RIdu do
eaativeComdutes 1 alout 20dblowen md
DC-RI evela anajmCa.eaxd imd.
wim manimg
imCecc dum4 u imd iou) Jaom nejatye oidive
Comduter

Name ot Lecturer.. ****

3dudikle NoiseCAN)
he Ccmoma d&eaEA FaCm u
ondu ctes pxoduce CompCn&&im amd TADENaLH A
hat ane pTOHOqated thoOUgh t u mCdum 0 aou
ical emegj- u u uati@m 0 he aCoLLtiCalCmengy Shec-
OUmthat_Uiesthim tu m c aamqe_
e Rielycd a Gudle noLRe (AN

te Soumd e e L abmeed Inm decileli and

LdelLmed d
d8 20iag
meured Soumd-poeRLLA deNCL am2d
t u aeenemce sedtlu eNel

Sae Chazae LIm dlo) dield

A memtiGmed Cler, t Jn
acduLed ly Casena @n Nehead DC Ume daydt HU
PoLe mde t aLHOn a eletoIC Jield amd _ md sthi
H e Covinommemt e due do eletsiC e l d n d
SPaLe Chaea, aHuanly ad fu qaoUmd evel a
matte 0 Comeam amd haye to e CaonHdered Im
Txaomlkin Pamimg
a Cunent mduued mde DG
ielda L duc e
Halow 0 lna uunent derihy im e|my lan
e OLtaimcd Cmtu dehH©n8hib
 * '
**************** ****** * GUT
* * * * * ' * * * ' ' * * ' * * * * * ' '

******'''*'*** ****

m a l l a y (8XI m/3/v/ Jor -ve JOni)

Chaage kmai m Coulm bi/mi
CetaiC Jield 8mengtn im Vojks PCa eteL

Chaye day at aomd level Cam Le Calipi-

Cm
t=
lectoic emtiviy

# DCLime nsulotox
he lm2latos Staimga ca DC lime
O made u po Claim Cs toughemed Hau os im
h Case oAC limes lasulates upeamance i
Im team e aiticl lashCuCr VoHage CCEO) Gnd
CiHa thItamd Voltoqe(CWS) eCuical hovc.
yojtae delined a tu tatiAhcal mean (wth SO/.
eno hotiA) a a data 930up:@n a Specitic insulatr
SPeamCn
Jhe Ciical Uth3tmdVoltag e (CwO
deined G3
CWs =CFO-3

Stamad ceviatiOn u CWS OCPr CSemts alfoze

eve witn O 13/ Patnbildy G havea
N.ame of Lecturer. . ****** ***************
 wth dixcct Voltage toCades
he allema

J o m mignutG Jht toles place lmtu Imue`E

mateual, whu th Lu a d n CtiOm 0 u cmp hee_
Can l hemal maulaLu dus to JJ@mic Ccmdu-
i@nIma vCy mar Ow 3me C t_dietoLicWhth
D e l s Jm gemq Q u deleuoiC a Cuea thd

DESivi wich a mi@m o u demp

Sne phen@men@m o ejeLtsol4Hic erocc dus oh
Campoe Curaems along tu luace Q te imiulier
he Cwuemt Cuuue ta CleztOde t0 lmCacole la
olume.eatthmough u depoaLion amteual
Omd pauty a a eAult of Chemica aoCe HO

Iime(o Cmpaacd o AGlme).then a am eccnaruC

mcem1ye to oke u Daio Caecpoge dstance je
Sta imglengtna a acot o
obie
A mojos olem wn Dc imaulatr H t t te
aLowmlaion 0 Comtamumatim JhoLYh_dge t Volaje
StoC 1 hhCa Jhan Litn
AC Uoea OCVIdimg
Collei m Code to tu
Gnds o u oimg
hep m makm Ju ield distakuHon mese mim
amd educimg u acumlah@m QConkimimaiGn
 the m&latea au CE@ned_J heay am Whue e
0g O dew, WUCh_malkeg u dit Comduhye uMOIT
Emoymg t Com e t t im ahoNC A timez O
UmlanaualHe eahen Comdutims Lt may e deiralte
e Gpeaate tu DC lime at Jauwe Vo]Boge r
Comyenten Comtml orJ aemavimg`eme 0
Seies Commesed nidge

-b

a-Pu, Jmplulc
b-PLLa
1
2 6

Jop Spacimg (mt)

uitn8timd yoH: V2Jap lergtn

the lasheve ane

Caued l ightnimg taoka LNCh
usually l e t Cme pale a tu lnpola me. ue
JoCotplimgl u tuopale, oyGNO }Hage Cam
Cc im u healthy ple
Name of Lerture
auient @NCYOHcge lm DC me_
T6le_o aomd
aults imkola DC lmeA Cam
CNeVOHtage im Ju healt l e of maamitude Cneedin
2 P he
h maimum aeYoHoge Giur at mdbom
Ima ole whem the u t t 1 alle at Ju midbomt
t u oneL bole.fox oj-Cemtseaulkju Maot
CNCNOitage Geeuwu at a lacat@m UhiCh a maai
ianage o hi Jaut location lwih pec tata
She ae tuo modea o aavel0img wave @na
polan DC .Lime @me Ldemed as tu fole_e
polemade (amauogo o o i t y e wente) While te
tneni demed a tu koleJo romd mcde (amale
Qou to Zeo erueroceI o bseJalt yoltege
L2 Yat a gveM loCaiCM Ht Cam e Showm Jhc
mmedicd-ely ate aultHu Voltge at H
Ctne ole T 3 am amount AY 9ivenk
Ay CZo-z)/CtZ0 y

hene Z Gmd Zo ne tu Sunge Immpedamce a

m d teSeLomd mode 7eapetIyey
Cnemeral Zo7 Z, Fos tqpiccl Value oZo
Zi Ay=o3 V and
 Unit. LolurdNO. .*.**** "**********'*****
************** ..

*he PlCal Vo Heue_wavelms at tu midoimt amd

u temimal aU Shoumjm
D

D imduive Capauive 1 ) ReLRt1ye tCcmmati

Mid Pomt

Temiomal

(a) urtor

(0:0)
20
Timelms)
0

Mid foit

Tmima

20 Tinne ( n )

mid F o T I

TCUm'ra

2.0 Name of Lecturer *********** ** *

 waveCnt eyez-
teLmimat ON JO FL
WLth Capautiye B Caued ole do
naulted pole
Voltaqe m t u diitION C t
The cuttenuruim amd
b e mode
mode /8 {ght
to e Waveaont wLth P=z,
e ieaigtiye temimatiem
e achived putting R-z
u Lest amd Cam
JLtea amd Nat haVimg a y e
Imihigh h44 OC
Caeadex
3 W h mdithye temmimatom
o t WaveTOd ONG
are Caukd tu ole uto aold made
Voltog es ! t a m H a . Buut te
hiCh fu aHenuaH@m 8
enoltage a t futes nal 1yh9h

t deinae to brovlde Cmtna nulatHm aromd e

middle aiom to DC me to talke cae
ghet GNCNaltage hatmaJ Qu m
0to
Hact 30re.

a l l o neLeAian psovid e atime_delay n

rENemt tu tikpmg t u healt pole

DC Bacakeaa>
a c Camcepta a DCCiit anteuiupticn
he ma paaHem
m t ciuit Imtennypt1@n im DC Ct Jhat thes
n a t u r c l Cutant 3nco a im t u Coe OAC
CE te Cuet Camle Lroughtto 300 Gnly ly-
opplging
applyimg a
Vaitoae
Caltea Voltageughen tham u itm
he aamd saledem a diaateat@m a dage
negy Steed jmtu mductamce c re Caut

19-Smbie. xebsexentatign od De t t wimrealren

he eaure ha aCOLte Voltoge V It Camke
Shoum that dhe eme4 aAThed s t e lzealse
i
W 1 I2 ,JV.-Y4)

Omd chme aew ed uto d u m he Cunz do 3020'-

TLTa/(V-Va)
IName OF LeC(urer . *************** **********************************
 ta Cuent im tu lecalren a l r to
Whene Id Ls
mtenwptiom

s h e Cnemezcl anamgemCmt
aHVDC GR
howm

EmenyALLeahim
Clt
A COmmutcho C
-

Cicuut lrede

CB

1 oramgmemt al aDC leeulk

h e Cumemt lm Hu Cluut daeakea L8 momall
Cannned throuIh_CB WthmoYm9 me talic Ccrtach
n may de Vacum OLL airlat Ox SE device
A+eainip gmal 9jyem to tu lrealrertu lzeahu
CemsatK 0pem to daauw am ans dh mlhate at me
t
A fho tme ader Ct ta tu Ccommutai@M Ckt
iaeen msCaded Hhaoug h tu inientim device Sc
u Commutatmq impedance 4prmaly madeJ =
euea l-C CictWch tnedta a Cetaim aeueny
 the Caauter ma or muy mat e neChaed
mendti@m device Sc may e atr1ggezed V a u m e
a c par]s gap o s mtu Ro Caled "oive'Com
uteutio Ciut Jut a Sold CenmeLtM@M:
the mam puo fe y lmdetimq Cmmitia
onedamce La t o Ceate CuLzemt 201.0 Im CR amd
tne tu un.ent to Ze ith &duent Cetact
SeanaHon im CR to egajmH Sttmtm
Cun eat TaNNe Cembleted ly Hme ta
he DC CiauNt Cn emt Lalouwinmq fhxaugh t
Copaistoar im Zc apidlyrlds up Jo ahghn
Vo teqe V acaAA zecdeea Lhemtu VGHayt.
che Yb_ot hme t4 Ha emeagalkershea Ha ly-
atteattd lmuented thsaugh J deNice_d e
monlimeanity o u reiktance Ra act a_a
Suitch Which Closes When R Cupplmq YOHtoge
e a r h e d h e diaet Cuet GLD detomd Jere
dLR Chamimg Coneagyto Ka Otei t u iodeaNcl
a T(ct Hme Is
leolez abezato Cempleted y ts 4tu
hree aanuUed tatn CR Zec Omd Ra haye adequac
Voltoqe Lwutn tamd Caauly heuwiteat at
LJelataoi ncdt 0Ciateka Ct 2era Cwemt devel may
e e d to aeNemt ONer&iaeAionq Gtu ecte2
Umtl he Caameaten Cantal etoKEA tu VOlfage Je
a leyel that Cam e wtmood tu laedre2
mder SS_CCmdii@n
Nameof Lecturer
 g1g Cunemt2Vatcge wavecmm

2 he Commuutoti@n atu Cumneaxt to Zc jmtn Rrye

Ccommutai@m method 4Imiated y tu au tiely
 ******

Commutrtim Ciuwt

19 Curr@mt i i U i e n s lm_ie Ce mutatmg Ckt

Name of Lecturer
#Memabalax CÞeaati@m
he 1 a emamemt ault m
athea ole Cam t l l Conhnue
to
One a Ju o lE
LnCi@m Umhl t aut i TCUied h 2m Conizn
GonaHOM_ notH.
t o AC Hmd Wher mkulanmed

a o palan DC_
he momaalan GpeiaH
SHem imyolve Cunemd OCHm haoUAh
0)Caramd i Metaluc xetum

lhe ane adamn es_amd dhdulzk3 QLeCated uuh Ca

e HouueNeaheas lLa damges o Camoglm oltuied

ppeme he GaOLmd Cuned may alle Imtelene wm
DC yke gail oad imal Gmd may Cauk HnaHOM
lmtaaadomea hat AnilocatedLm He Vicimlt

oCacaed losex duus to Voltoge dab imtu metallc

DHmn
2 he inCreoed volHoge daapKETuMe Jagen top mnge Im_
Comveatca analonmea.teumative tathut y te Gperud-
m O CoomyetG at lage amglea uhch aeuuH Imhighea
ValNe 3tacase) and addifoml lagge ImYalNe xuding
dampm Cct
Relced iakUty duLa do tle a hot tun Cenduttrgs
Cnpo&ed a (enpaocd Ja Gne Comucter win Jrcnd
 mCeased aewmeuta Ja tu oCLH@m Q tuA m-
Omded etsal

Cromd ElectOdes
t e g&omdimg a t u Deutcd foimk e
a nealan DcJime j m dome neaz tu lmyeien
StaH@m Jo brenent imde@kmce eHers O gacmd
( u e d i m Comea_taanatomea, et ALe t e ele
SOdes mLt lepaced im o l g dau aEtIHvldy amd
O ciemt aepth 90oinmd elenodes as Liially
located at dLtamCe arelmd 20lm amd fo 55m
H me Commesimgtu meutsol o fu o i d ele t
SHe aColled a elenode me. amd L& LHICly macde
uJo eu@n im wauel to aillate _de fectjnm
l aultt lm ejeLtandle llme a voege ia mam at
HA midpoid ota eleutaide me amd ig highet when
Cm u Xame tower a tte DC Liome aOVIdimq
a Rekaate ROWyox te eletaode lime. edue he
NC/ologez Camiidealuy.
ha de1gm o homd eletoonda asukeesed onis
BEum Emt C
J douw ReaiAtamce D)AdCAUnJE CwneAt Cannjm Copau
lou0

he m O eeuoe Cam ve eveal re

Name of Lecturer
 S Pbimied tan
Staaght
) Bamched 8tan

yor ethe Contamou

he eeLtsodea Camla desigmed

he alterthet Cem 12 GHem CACMle Jc

DC2almd eleatsode Clesaamc
udolluas a
LUhich Caujes hi migmaHom O maltHUL 1mte dsetn
dseta
Cznat u eietoode temda t o dru esur a
chg Cmd al0 heaime j e t t d e Aetaum moL
oa a lamd eleoode may A IaaIgated u mpia