The Impacts of Low/No-Code Development on Digital Transformation and

Software Development
Divya Shree.S, Gruthanya.R, Srinidhi.K
Student, Department of Information Technology, II B.Sc.,Data Science
M.O.P Vaishnav College For Women, Chennai

Abstract:
Creating apps visually and with little to no coding is possible because to the
low/no-code development approach in software development. Software
applications and information are required by enterprises. Systems for different
company needs, such as management in the digital age. Non-IT professionals
have access to low/no-code a practical tool for creating straightforward structures
quickly. They can obtain the business applications they require with little to no
coding. In this article, we looked at the advantages and restrictions of Low/No-
programming and contemporary Low-Code development platforms used in the
market. Moreover, we considered the potential outcomes. The effects of Low/No-
Code have been enhanced and projected societal and related industry
developments in the upcoming years.

We conclude that low-code development is a potential trend that could have a big
effect on how software is developed in the future.

KEYWORDS:

Software development, Digital transformation, Lowcode development, No-code

development

INTRODUCTION:
With the development of information technology and digitalization trends,
companies and associations bear robust tools to respond to dynamic & complex
request surroundings and conditions (Sanchis etal., 2020)(1). In his journal
Software development trends 2021, McLean (2021) defines Low No- law
development as a kind of visual software development that inventors can use to
drag & drop and connect factors for erecting mobile or web operations (4). Such
a element- grounded approach empowers professional inventors to adroitly
produce operations without any law (McLean, 2021)( 4). In 2014, Richardson and
Rymer (2014) first brought in the expression" low law" to the public in their
report named" New Development Platforms Crop For client- Facing operations,"
published in Forrester Research, in which they claim that comparing to
demanding hand- coding, enterprises and associations prefer low- law backups
for nippy, continual, and test- and- learn development and delivery (2). The result
of an disquisition conducted by Richardson and Rymer (2016) illustrated that low
law development platforms could help enterprises and associations expedite the
development and delivery of operations by 5 to 10 times( 3). Gartner, a
technology exploration and advice company, of repliers anticipate to use low- law
development Application Development systems to 2024( Duffy, 2019)( 5). Thus,
it's important for the public to understand LNCD still, it'll be inclusive of a
company or association, If LNCD is fleetly espoused and accepted. Still, low-
law/ no- law development has a lot of good for operation development, but not
for some companies. Borrow for traditional software development processes
Lack of knowledge about a low- law/ no- law development platform( LNCDP),
fear of seller cinch- heft( i.e. reliance on LNCDP providers), lack of trust Allows
LNCDP to develop asked applications. Security, scalability and inflexibility
issues (Out Systems, 2019)( 7). Some of the enterprises about LNCDP similar as
strictness, scalability, and security are defended or proven Managed by Warren
in Out Systems (2018)( 8). al- Saadi etal. (2021) anatomized major LNCDP
inventors similar as Out Systems, Microsoft, Salesforce, Mendix, Appian, etc.
(11). dissect their features and functions. Focus on perceptivity gained by looking
at trends Low- law/ no- law assiduity patterns. In the final section of this white
paper, we bandy how Low/ No- Code development influences unborn software
development, Digital Transformation with Differing Opinion Analysis. Indeed,
in low- law/ no- law development, surfaced just a many times agone and its rapid-
fire growth in acceptance. The assiduity is auspicious about the outlook. grounded
on us Analysis in each section, low law/ no law development Bringing a trend
change in the software development assiduity, Promoting digital metamorphosis.

Low/No-code development is a software development method that provides users

with a platform for visually creating applications with little or no coding.
Companies and organizations need software applications and information
systems for various business activities in the technology era. Developing
applications without or almost without coding is an attractive option for non-IT
professionals. We examine the benefits and limitations of Low/No-Code
development and modern Low/No-Code platforms throughout this paper. In
addition, we analyzed how it can be improved and prospected the impacts of
Low/No-Code development on society and related industries in the future. As a
result, we conclude that Low/No-code development can significantly impact
future software development and digital transformation.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Hopefully, the framework and arguments set out in this article will have provided
you with a solid basis for considering the scalability credentials of low-code
platforms, as in .Richardson, C. & Rymer, J. R. (2016, January). Vendor
Landscape: The Fractured, Fertile Terrain Of Low-Code Application Platforms
and Sanchis, R., García-Perales, S., Fraile, F., & Poler, R. (2020).
Low-Code as Enabler of Digital Transformation in Manufacturing Industry.

MEHODOLOGY;

A goal of this paper is to analyze the various aspects of low-code/no-code

development platforms, with swiftness, citizen development, security,
maintainability etc. this also focuses on the current low/No-code development
platforms with digital transformation and result in turnaround in software
development sectors to our analysis in ach aspect.

BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF LOW/NO-CODE DEVELOPMENT:

It is more important than ever for businesses and organisations in today's society
to adapt to rapidly changing internal and external contexts (OutSystems, 2019)
[7]. Digital transformation, as described by Alsaadi et al. (2021), typically refers
to digitising paper-based documents and storing them in a digital manner [11]. It
converts manual, labor-intensive corporate procedures into quick-to-adapt,
automated digital processes (Alsaadi et al., 2021) [11].

Digital transformation has been playing a big part in corporate strategy for a few
years, according to Outsystems (2019) [7]. Organizations use digital
transformation to seize new possibilities, meet the complex and varied needs of
customers, and avoid being outmatched by rivals who develop greater
adaptability and flexibility (OutSystems, 2019) [7]. Over 3,300 IT professionals
from six different continents were surveyed by Outsystems (2019), and the
findings addressing the advancement of business digital transformation are shown
in Figure 1. Level 2 Isolated is the initial stage of the digital transformation, Level
6 is the most robust stage, and Level 1 Unaware is doing absolutely nothing,
according to Outsystems' (2019) criteria [7]. The graphic indicates that the
majority (95%) of respondents' firms were making some sort of effort to undergo
digital transformation. Applications Scheduled for Development in 2019 and
Application Development Time were also researched by Outsystems (2019).

According to Figure 2, 23% of the respondents intended to create and distribute

more than 50 software applications. Figure 3 demonstrates that the majority of
applications take more than three months to complete. These two graphs lead us
to the conclusion that new application development and delivery will be
frequently and continuously required during the digital transition, which can be
time-consuming. Therefore, businesses looking to or already through a digital
transformation require a tool to increase the effectiveness of development and
delivery. One method that is becoming more popular to increase delivery speed
is low- or no-code development. Figure 4 shows the adoption rate of Low/No-
code in the IT strategies of the respondent businesses, and it is clear that more
than half of them either plan to start using Low/No-Code development or are
already doing so. According to a research by Richardson and Rymer (2016),
Low/Nocode development can accelerate the creation and delivery of apps by 5
to 10 times [3]. Low-Code Development is expected to handle 65% of application
development duties by 2024, according to Duffy (2019) and Gartner [5]. The
average DTM score of Low-Code practitioners was 16% higher than that of
industry peers who did not employ Low-Code for the Digital Transformation
Maturity (DTM) we described in Figure 1 (Outsystems, 2019) [7]. Furthermore,
just 26% of companies that did not use Low-Code were happy with their release
rate, compared to 37% of companies that did (Outsystems, 2019) [7]. This
difference can be attributed to the fact that Low-Code development is becoming
more and more popular. Therefore, before implementing Low/No-code
development during digital transformation, it is crucial to gain a deeper
understanding of it. In this part, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of
low- and no-code development to help developers and businesses choose whether
it is appropriate for their digital transformation strategy.

A. BENEFITS

Developers use low-code development to accomplish a variety of objectives.

Expedite digital innovation/transformation (66%), Improve responsiveness to the
business (66%), and Decrease dependency on the technical skill that is hard to
hire (45%) were the top three reasons cited by Outsystems (2019) for using low-
code development [7]. In this subsection, we go into greater detail about a few
key advantages that low- and no-code development can bring about.

a) Swiftness:

By their very nature, Low/No-code development platforms enable users to

create new apps visually, which speeds up development by giving
organisations the ability to quickly prototype and test out new client needs
(Richardson & Rymer, 2016) [3]. A new software application's coding is still
a difficult and time-consuming effort, according to Richardson and Rymer
(2016) [3], even when using an Agile or Lean software development process.
In addition to being difficult and time-consuming, customising an application
requires writing a large amount of code (Richardson & Rymer, 2016) [3]. The
majority of businesses utilising low-code platforms claimed that low-code
development accelerated the deployment of their applications by 5 to 10 times
(Richardson & Rymer, 2016) [3]. In contrast to non-Low-Code users, who
could only deliver 57% of their web apps in the same amount of time, Low-
Code practitioners were able to deliver 68% of their web applications in 4
months, according to Outsystems' 2019 survey [7]. Similar results were seen
for mobile apps, where Low-Code practitioners were able to complete 64% of
them in 4 months as opposed to 49% for those that did not (OutSystems, 2019)
[7].

b) Citizen Development:

According to OutSystems (2019) [7], citizen developers are non-professional

developers who have been given permission by the IT department to use
approved tools for application development & delivery. While lacking
programming skills, citizen developers have a wealth of experience and
knowledge in other areas. Since Low-Code hardly ever requires programming
skills, citizen developers could use this knowledge and experience to create
 applications that better serve the needs of users (Alsaadi et al., 2021). [11].
Citizen developers in each department could use Low/No-Code development
platforms to create the necessary business applications for their departments
when the enterprises lack IT talent but face a multitude of demands for new
web/mobile applications from various departments (Richardson & Rymer,
2016) [3]. In addition to meeting departmental needs, it frees IT specialists
from tiresome low-level programme development details. Then, IT specialists
might concentrate on more intricate and crucial business application
requirements. In evaluating the management of citizen developers,
Outsystems (2019) discovered that 37% of Low-Code practitioners were able
to administer and manage citizen development carefully, which was 9%
higher than that of non-Low-Code users [7]. Low/No-Code development
hence enhances citizen development from a developer and administrative
perspective.

c) Security:
Due to the shortage of IT expertise throughout the digital transformation, IT
professionals struggle to keep up with the high expectations of business
applications (Stangarone, J., 2019) [15]. People in such a position would seek
out third-party solutions without the IT department's control, which is known
as "Shadow IT," if they were unable to acquire answers from the IT
department or IT specialists (Stangarone, J., 2019) [15]. Due to lack of
understanding and control over the applications, including implementation
details, data management, and IT security concerns, shadow IT can jeopardise
an organization's IT security and privacy (OutSystems, 2019) [7]. Authorized
by IT staff or the IT department, low-/no-code development platforms can aid
in reducing the risks posed by shadow IT. On the platforms, users can develop
necessary solutions without continually bothering the IT staff. Security and
privacy are ensured because the IT department manages the data and apps
 (Stangarone, J., 2019) [15]. Similar security concerns existed for citizen
development and shadow IT (OutSystems, 2019) [7]. In the same way as we
stated previously, low-/no-code development platforms can handle the issues
(i.e., the IT department can oversee citizen development applications)
(OutSystems, 2019) [7].
Applications created using Low/No-Code platforms should be secure and
optimised by default if each component or building block is secure, reusable,
and optimised (OutSystems, 2019) [7]. According to survey participants from
Outsystems (2019), 64% of them observed a shortage of qualified
cybersecurity professionals and discovered that it is difficult to hire them [7].
Since only the platforms' and their building blocks' security needs to be tested,
using Low/No-Code platforms can speed up security testing (OutSystems,
2019) [7]. As a result, when compared to the conventional development
approach, Low/No-Code can both reduce the significant testing workload and
eliminate security issues.
d) Maintainability:
According to Outsystems' estimation from 2019 [7], 65% of application
development initiatives were for maintenance, and the remaining 35% were
for innovation. Additionally, according to OutSystems 2019 [7], maintenance
activities consumed almost 75% of the majority of IT resources in enterprises.
According to Outsystems (2019), firms who adopt Low/No-Code
development may have more projects for innovation (40%) rather than
maintenance (35%) compared to those who do not. [7]. Because critical
players in software maintenance (such as IT professionals and business
professionals) can effectively collaborate on the same platform, low-code
platforms offer a single and centralised environment for all aspects of
application management, which reduces the complexity and difficulty of
application maintenance (Richardson, C. & Rymer, 2014) [2]. In addition,
Low/NoCode projects are easier to manage because of the nature of
 Low/NoCode development, where maintainers typically only need to update
a small amount of code (Sanchis et al., 2020) [1].

B. LIMITATIONS

The major reasons given by Outsystems (2019) for why certain firms have not
adopted low-code development include: lack of familiarity with low-/no-code
platforms (47%), Concerns concerning vendor lock-in with Low/No-Code
providers, Low/No-Code application scalability, and Low/No-Code application
security are all high (37%, 28%, and 25%, respectively) [7]. As we did for the
benefits, we expanded a number of important issues concerning Low/No-code
development.

a) Limited Customizability/Flexibility:
In most instances, the visual building elements in Low-Code platforms are
already implemented and fixed (Woo, 2020) [6]. The programmes are less
adaptable due to this inflexibility than those created through conventional
coding development (Tay, N., 2021). [16]. Creating intricate or specialised
features or functionalities that are not offered by Low-Code platforms will be
challenging and time-consuming (Tay, N., 2021) [16]. Although employing
codes to implement these desired features and integrating them into Low/No-
Code apps is one method, it is inconsistent and ineffective (Brocoders
Company, 2021). [17]. In cases when the established components effectively
handle common demands or processes, low/no-code platforms typically
perform better than the conventional development approach when creating
basic apps (Sarabyn, K., 2021) [18]. However, Low/No-Code platforms are
not sufficiently flexible for jobs like highly customised applications, data
science models, or data science workflows (Sarabyn, K., 2021) [18].
b) Limited Scalability:
Due to their restricted scalability, the majority of current Low/No-Code
platforms are typically utilised to construct small-scale applications rather
 than large-scale, sophisticated, or essential commercial applications (Sanchis
et al., 2020) [1]. The typical runtime scale of applications reported by Low-
Code platform providers, according to Rymer and Richardson (2015), was
200 to 2,000 concurrent users [14].
c) Security Concerns:
Users of Low/No-Code platforms must have complete faith that the services
do not provide vulnerabilities that lead to bugs or data leaks because most
users rarely or cannot alter the applications (Oltrogge et al., 2018) [12]. For
instance, without explicitly disclosing this in the terms and conditions, the
commercial Low-Code service Mobincube tracked users through Bluetooth
low energy beacons invisibly (Oltrogge et al., 2018) [12]. Data breaches may
occur if organisations depend on vendors of Low/No-Code platforms because
they do not have complete control over data security and source code (Tay,
N., 2021; Oltrogge et al., 2018) [12] [16].
Additionally, organisations won't be able to patch newly discovered security
problems if the platform vendors fail (Tay, N., et al. 2021 [16].
d) Vendor lock-in:
Vendor lock-in, according to Warren (2018), is the inability of a consumer to
transition to another vendor due to their reliance on one vendor for their goods
and services [19]. In our situation, the worry is that vendors of Low/No-Code
platform providers will lock in businesses. The expense and difficulty of
transferring to a different platform will increase as a company invests more
in a particular Low/No-Code platform provider.

CURRENT LOW/NO-CODE DEVELOPMENT PLATFORMS:

Tech giants like Microsoft, Alibaba, Salesforce, and Oracle have their own
Low/No-Code development platforms in the Low/No-Code development sector,
in addition to a large number of newly established LNCD start-ups (Woo, 2020)
[6]. In this section, we examine the usage, characteristics, and effects of several
important LNCD platforms on digital transformation. We observed that 20% of
Microsoft users were in the manufacturing business, 40% of Appian users were
in the financial services industry, and 32% Mendix & 30% Salesforce users were
in the services industry, per Kulkarni's analysis on the industry demographics of
leading LNCD platform suppliers [9]. It demonstrates that the three main
industries using LNCD platforms are Manufacturing, Finance, and Services
(Kulkarni, 2021) [9]. According to geographic demographic statistics for those
suppliers, 37% & 26% of Microsoft users were in North America and
Asia/Pacific, respectively, whereas 49% & 52% of Appian and 63% & 50% of
Outsystems users were in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (Kulkarni, 2021)
[9].

With over 1200 enterprises using their platform in 52 countries (Alsaadi et al.,
2021), Outsystems created the LNCD platform market (Outsystems, 2019).
[7][11] According to Al-Saadi et al. (2021), Outsystems focuses on assisting
clients in creating business applications that automate business processes for
rapid development and delivery [11]. Al-Saadi et al. (2021) [11] state that the
Outsystems platform makes use of AI and ML to produce suggestions, automate,
and validate applications created on the platform.

The LNCD platform is offered by IT behemoth Microsoft and is called Microsoft

PowerApps. It is connected with numerous Microsoft services, including
Microsoft Teams, Azure, and Office 365. By integrating Microsoft services into
a workflow, it can be utilised to create automated business applications (Alsaadi
et al., 2021) [11].

In order to create business applications more effectively and affordably (Alsaadi

et al., 2021), Salesforce offers a cloud-based LNCD platform that employs
Lightning Framework [11]. It provides customers with a variety of customization
possibilities, such as themes and colours, and because those customizations may
be reused, company branding is easier to do without coding (Alsaadi et al., 2021)
[11]. Gartner recognised it as a leader for LNCD platforms in 2019 (Duffy, 2019)
[5].

As with other LNCD platforms, Mendix's technology speeds up application

development. Because it values business & IT cooperation for streamlining
business logic, it stands out from the competition (Alsaadi et al., 2021) [11]. By
offering appropriate tools for users in various departments, the platform separates
the design environments for citizen developers (Mendix Studio) and professional
developers (Mendix Pro) to improve departmental collaboration. Stakeholders
can work with platform developers to provide real-time feedback to foster
innovation and development (Alsaadi et al., 2021) [11]. Additionally, it features
an AI assistant built-in that checks for mistakes and makes recommendations for
the application's quality, maintainability, and scalability (Alsaadi et al., 2021)
[11]. Such AI and ML platform integration can provide inexperienced developers
with real-time feedback to help them learn how to design platforms and
applications.

Although Appian is smaller in size than many of its rivals, some of its clients are
government organisations (Alsaadi et al., 2021) [11]. It is taken into account for
its capacity to create intricate commercial applications and procedures that need
for cutting-edge automation and analysis (Alsaadi et al., 2021) [11]. Additionally,
it incorporates an AI & ML guide to offer customers timely advice as they
progress.

In order to compensate for some users' lack of programming knowledge, we

observe that the majority of platforms have AI and ML technologies integrated
to provide real-time advice during the development process. Since it improves
user experience and allays worries about LNCD platform usability, LNCD
platforms with AI are typically more competitive than those without (Alsaadi et
al., 2021) [11]. Although the existing LNCD platforms and technology have flaws
and limits (Woo, 2020) [6,] we can observe that the market is expanding and that
they are frequently favourable for application development.

PROSPECT IMPACT ON SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT:

The CEO of GitHub, Chris Wanstrath, once remarked that "the future of coding
is no coding at all." According to Chris Wanstrath, automating the entire
development process can make coding simpler, allowing programmers to
concentrate on the high-level plans, ideas, and structures of software. To train AI
& ML that offers real-time coding advice and error checks, GitHub provides a
tonne of code repositories and troubleshooting forums. According to Moskal
(2021), declarative programming, commonly referred to as low- or no-code
programming, is the fourth generation of programming.

Low-code is not the future of code, in contrast, according to Thomas Stiehm,

CTO of Coveros. It will undoubtedly be utilised to create various applications in
the future.

Because cheap code falls down when the complexity of the solution rises, it
cannot substitute other methods of software development. In the 1990s, we
experienced the same situation with Visual Basic. A lot of software was written
in VB because it was useful. In the end, VB broke down and ceased to be a viable
option due to the complexity demanded by some applications. Low code will
remain same.

The comparison between Low/No-Code and VB is improper since VB is a real

product, whereas Low/No-Code is a high-level concept. It is true that Low/No-
Code development has its limitations and flaws. An existing product cannot be
built upon, but people are free to create their own variations of concepts. We have
seen businesses like Appian, Mendix, and Outsystems manage the complicated
applications efficiently and innovatively, disproving the claim that Low/No-Code
cannot produce high complexity solutions. We have also seen that the use of
cutting-edge AI & ML technology has made LNCD platforms smarter and more
reliable. As LNCD platforms develop, the flaws we previously identified, like
restricted scalability and security concerns, can be fixed: (1) Scalability issues
(Warren, 2018) [8]: Outsystems' platforms have demonstrated that runtime
scalability—the ability to expand the capacity of deployed LNC apps and to
deliver a quick user experience for both large numbers of users and heavy
computation—and dev-time scalability—the ability to use LNC for a variety of
business requirements, projects, and developers—are both problems that can be
solved; Security issue No. 2 (Warren, 2018) [20]: According to Warren, if LNCD
platforms are reliable and well-organized, Low/No-Code applications ought to be
secure by definition (just as we discussed in Benefits sub-section).

Therefore, LNCD platform vendors must enhance the flexibility, scalability,

security, and other limitations so that people can adopt this new technology
without reservation if Low/No-Code is to be most effectively used for digital
transformation or even to alter future software development processes.

CONCLUSION:

The needs of organisations for digital transformation give a stage for Low/No-
Code development to demonstrate its worth. The business application changes as
the digital revolution progresses.

Requirements will advance in complexity and detail. Despite the advantages of

LNC that enable businesses to react quickly to market movements, LNCD
platforms still require more adaptability and customization. Although LNC offers
safe building blocks that can be utilised to develop secure applications, security
issues such as data breaches and restricted access to the source code exist.
Although maintaining LNC apps should be simple because there is little to no
code to worry about, vendor lock-in becomes an issue when the platform
providers stop supporting the platforms. Such discrepancies demonstrate the
potential of LNCD and the room for advancement in LNC technology.

After examining the market's main LNCD systems, we discovered that AI & ML
are essential for advancing present LNC technologies. It is also essential for
changing Low-Code to No-Code. As Chris Wanstrath predicted, rather of writing
lines of code and squandering a lot of time on implementation details, people
would be able to concentrate on high-level software prototyping and creating in
the future. When Low/No Code technology and powerful coding AI & ML
technologies have successfully partnered, such a future will have arrived. Thomas
Stiehm studied LNC and VB in order to draw the conclusion that LNC's future
should be the same as VB's. The conclusion is flimsy and unlikely to come true
(at least not in the way Thomas predicted).

Children, students, experienced developers, and non-IT professionals are just a

few of the potential users of LNC platforms. Its user base is so diverse; therefore,
it makes sense that the community would be as well. The user base guarantees
that it will be continuously enhanced to meet user needs. LNC is not following
the traditional path of VB because VB did not have as many users and use-cases.

Low/No-Code Development is a relatively new phenomenon, yet it already shows

signs of promising growth in terms of adoption. To address the shortcomings and
problems with the current LNC technology, researchers from around the world
should conduct more studies and analyses. Organizations and LNC platform
providers can work together to enhance the platforms. A better user experience
benefits enterprises as well as service providers. Vendors of LNC platforms
should regularly investigate and address issues by examining the work of rivals
and attempting to integrate the most recent technology with the platforms.
In conclusion, Low/No-Code Development will be vital to the digital
transformation and result in a turnaround in the software development sector,
according to our analysis in each aspect.

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