“EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ON THE JOB TRAINING OF

THE HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT GRADUATING STUDENTS’

Chapter 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Educational preparations for employment on the upcoming competencies

expected in the industries requirements by practicing profession and enhancing

skills through developing the degree from institutions. Studying on the skills

required of management students as suggested that school practices and

strategies should also include those that will improve students' skills in creative

and critical thinking, systematic management of information, group leadership

and motivation, and plan or project development and implementation.

Students who participate in internships can obtain a good sense of what it is like

to work for organizations in the industry, and acquire practical skills through

hands on experience and by networking in the workplace (Collins, 2002). Many

academic curricula are now inclusive of compulsory student internships to

complement traditional classroom learning. Internships help students obtain

exposure to practical work environments that are limited to the classroom

(Zopiatis & Constanti, 2007), put textbook theories into action, and reflect on their

career paths (Tse, 2010). This creates real challenges for students to interact
and effectively work with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Many issues

may relate to intercultural communication between the employees and

managers, as well as, the employees and tourists (Grobelna, 2015).

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine and evaluating the effectiveness of the on the job

(ojt) training of the hospitality management graduating students.

Specifically, this study has been guided by the following statement of the

problems:

1. What is the effectiveness of the on the job (ojt) training of the hospitality

management graduating students?

2. What is the implementation of the on the job (ojt) training to the students?

Hypothesis

The following hypothesis were formulated based on the statement of the problem

“evaluating the effectiveness of the on the job training of the hospitality

management graduating students that schools, organizations in the industry, and

acquire practical skills through hands on experience as Educational preparations

for employment on the upcoming competencies are expected to improve

students' skills in creative and critical thinking and being competent to go for

preparation of their improvement.

to examine a student’s performance and ability to handle not only day-to-day

responsibilities but the unexpected situations that arise in almost every

workplace. Student interns are thus viewed by the industry as a readily available,

easily transformed, and specifically trained workforce that can be a valuable

source of labor in today’s economy.

Theoretical Framework

This study is based on the theory of the fourth year graduating students that

investigates the effectiveness of the on the job (ojt) training of the hospitality

management. The findings indicate the extent of the usage electronic gadgets

that determines the effective of the on the job (ojt) training. This study can

instrumentally motivate the graduating students to enhance their skills on their

chosen career and to face the different level of world of works.

Significance of the Study

This study determined the relationship on the effectiveness of the on the job (ojt)

training of the hospitality management graduating students’

This was significant to the following:

Students. This is beneficial for them as they can use as guide to enhance the

skills that can obtain exposure to practical work environments that are limited to

the classroom.
Teachers. This study is important because it would help the teacher to give more

learnings as they support the students to enhance the skills through real life

duties or the on the job (ojt) training.

Administrators. This research helps to connect administrators in the school and

the partnerships of the employer of each establishment whereby, they can have

a real feedbacks and concerns from it, as they occur in addition of the

observation and assessment of the intern’s students.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The general focus of this study was to determine the extent of the usage

electronic gadgets in relation to Caraga State University Cabadbaran City.The

respondents of this study are 10 students from 4th year students ramdomly.The

period of conducting the study is within the second semester of the school year

2022-2023 evaluating the effectiveness of the on the job (ojt) training of the

hospitality management graduating students. A survey questionnaire is

distributed to the respondents to gather data for analysis and findings.

Definition of Terms

The following terms was defined both conceptually and operationally:

Skills. In this study, the term refers to devices used by students specifically they

can apply the learnings they from classroom trainings to a real setting.
On the Job. In this study refers to activities engaged by the given graduating

students in having a real-life task as their training and output of preparations in

real world.

Assessment. In this term refers to assess the ojt students from their employer

and also the administration as they pass the performance skills and how they

engaged they real-setting.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

A review of literature is a classification and evaluation of what accredited

scholars and researchers have written on a topic, organized according to a

guiding concept such as a research objective, thesis or the problem / issue to be

addressed. It is the scholarly core of the dissertation.It is an analysis and

synthesis of the source materials, written in a specific style which flows from

broad to narrow and takes into account both the theoretical and empirical issues.

The main purpose of the review of literature is to report on original research or

experimentation in order to make such information available to the rest of the

scholarly world.

According to Wildes and Mount (2007) that Hospitality and Tourism researchers

have investigated the educational value of an internship in terms of skills,

competencies, and career and personal development highlighted that Hospitality

internships are an area of active experiential learning through which participants

can develop competence. The practical experience component of a university

degree is crucial in delivering skills and competencies for Hotel Management.

Similarly, a study of the educational value of hotels identifies a number of

essential competencies that can be learned only in a practical setting.A hands-on

approach to educating hospitality managers not only supports the management

review one’s competence and skills in a real-world environment. Both educators

and industry practitioners agree that Hospitality and Tourism Management

curricula must blend theory with practice, offering students a variety of learning

techniques to develop such skills as relationship building, leadership,

communication, team building, and customer relations.

On the other hand Richardson, (2008) believe that there is also strong support

for the views that practical experience prepares students for a career within the

industry and influences their future direction contend that the factor having the

greatest influence on their career decisions of potential hospitality employees is

work experience. For this reason, work-based learning in internships plays a

significant role in Hospitality and Tourism students’ attitudes toward pursuing a

career in the industry upon graduation.

Collins (2012),appeared that there is substantial agreement among all three

parties— students, employers, and educators—that practical work experience is

vital for the future success of Hospitality Management graduates. Education must

meet the needs of the industry through the provision of sufficient practical

facilities, which can be substituted and/or supported by incentivized industrial

training to meet business-oriented purposes. It is presently a standard

requirement for Hospitality and Tourism programs to have an internship

component in their curricula, and almost all of them do. Hands-on experience
cannot be imparted through lectures. It can only be gained through direct activity

in the real world.

Wildes (2007) noted that students who had completed an internship before

graduation subsequently experienced less anxiety and higher perceived self-

efficacy and demonstrated increased general and specific skills in the workplace.

McNeilly (2012) showed that approximately 40 percent of respondents reported

that certain components of the internship, including leadership experience and

teamwork, cannot be taught in a classroom. The employment know-how gained

through internships helps with induction, which ultimately increases staff

performance and retention. In the specific context of the highly labor intensive

hospitality industry, internship programs have been instrumental in filling labor

shortages during peak seasons, allowing employers to consistently provide

optimal customer service.

Bell and Schmidt (2006),noted that the vocational and career outcomes

associated with the internship component of a degree in Hospitality and Tourism

are used by many universities as a promotional tool. A well-developed internship

program can give a Hospitality program a more comprehensive curriculum

through which to compete for a larger student intake. The internship also plays a

vital role in LPU–Laguna Journal of International Tourism and Hospitality

Management Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2016 Research and Statistics Center

LPU–Laguna 89 assisting universities with student placement at the time of

excellent preparation for post college employment. Having a well-maintained

internship program is an incentive for individuals to choose a particular college or

university. The institution will also gain industry credibility when an employer is

pleased with a student’s

Kent, 2005 studied that through internships, an employer is given the

opportunity to examine a student’s performance and ability to handle not only

day-to-day responsibilities but the unexpected situations that arise in almost

every workplace. Student interns are thus viewed by the industry as a readily

available, easily transformed, and specifically trained workforce that can be a

valuable source of labor in today’s economy.

Leslie (2011) argued that the increased contact and cooperation between

educators and the hospitality industry could enrich the industry’s input to future

course development and assist educators in keeping abreast of hospitality trends

and future plans. Such relationships may provide a channel for testing the

compatibility and relevance of academic theory with the operational requirements

of the industry. In addition, improved relationships may be extended, with further

cooperation, to other fields of mutual concern such as college advisory boards,

training seminars, mentoring programs, student field trips, job fairs, and industrial

visits .
 Internships On the Job Training of every students can help students to

prepare and also to help employer to explore the needs of each employees as

they come out to discover more in there field to offer an organization a practical

means of addressing strategic objectives for hiring, choosing, training, and

keeping employees, as well as procedures such they give hotels and other

hospitality businesses a way to improve respond to community requirements by

improving their immanence.