Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the

organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" (1920, C.E.A. Winslow).[1] It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). The dimensions of health can encompass "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", as defined by the United Nations' World Health Organization
The focus of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through the prevention and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions, through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors. Promotion of hand washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, and distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases are examples of common public health measures

Core Functions of Public Health

ASSESSMENT
y ASSESS the health needs of the community. To systematically collect, assemble, and make available information on the public health status of the community, in cooperation with others, including statistics on health status, community health needs, environmental health, epidemiologic, and other studies of health problems. INVESTIGATE the occurrence of health effects and health hazards in the community. To systematically develop in collaboration with others in the community, more detailed information on the magnitude of a health problem, duration, trends, location, population at risk, and how best to proceed to prevent or control the problem. ANALYZE the determinants of identified health needs. This is the process of examining etiologic, risk, and contributing factors that precede and contribute to specific health problems or reduced health status in the community. Identifying these factors helps in working with the community in planning intervention efforts for prevention or control.

POLICY DEVELOPMENT
y ADVOCATE for public health, build constituencies, and identify resources in the community. This is the process of generating support among constituent groups that address community health needs and issues, establishing collaborative relationships between a public health agency and the public it serves, the government body it represents, and other health and human-related organizations in the community. PRIORITIZE among health needs. To facilitate a community process to rank health needs according to their importance, the magnitude, the seriousness of the consequences, economic impact and community readiness or the ability to prevent or control the problem. PLAN and develop policies to address priority health needs. This is the process by which agencies, working with community constituents and other groups, facilitate the formulated goals and objectives to meet the priority health needs of the community, identify a course of action to achieve the goals and objectives in a way that fosters community involvement and ownership, and is responsive to local needs.

ASSURANCE
y MANAGE resources and develop organizational structure. To acquire, allocate influence, resources (people, facilities, and equipment) and to encourage or enable them to meet priority community health needs in the best way possible. IMPLEMENT programs. Work with other organizations, agencies and individuals to assure the implementation of programs in the community that fit community priorities. Work with the community to change community policy, practice or mores. EVALUATE programs and provide quality assurance. This is a process of continuous inquiry to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of efforts so that corrections can be made to improve activities and outcomes. INFORM and educate the public. This is the process of informing the community about health problems, the availability of services; gaining the attention of individuals, high-risk groups, and constituents concerning public health issues; and providing health education to help develop beliefs, attitudes, and skills conducive to good individual and community health.