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Third Note (Graph - Intercepts - Symmetry and Circle)

1. A graph is a visualization of the solution set of an equation in two variables. Each point (x, y) that satisfies the equation is part of the graph. 2. Intercepts are where the graph crosses the x- or y-axis. To find x-intercepts, set y=0 and solve for x. To find y-intercepts, set x=0 and solve for y. 3. Graphs can be symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, or origin. Symmetry is tested by substituting values into the equation or examining the graph. Even polynomials have symmetry, while odd polynomials do not.

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Blake Wuutsin
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50 views5 pages

Third Note (Graph - Intercepts - Symmetry and Circle)

1. A graph is a visualization of the solution set of an equation in two variables. Each point (x, y) that satisfies the equation is part of the graph. 2. Intercepts are where the graph crosses the x- or y-axis. To find x-intercepts, set y=0 and solve for x. To find y-intercepts, set x=0 and solve for y. 3. Graphs can be symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, or origin. Symmetry is tested by substituting values into the equation or examining the graph. Even polynomials have symmetry, while odd polynomials do not.

Uploaded by

Blake Wuutsin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graph of Equation

A graph is a way to visualize a solution set. A solution to an equation in two variables is a point
(x , y) which satisfies the equation. The solution set to an equation is the set of all solutions to
the equation. Hence a set of all solution points of an equation is the graph of the equation.
Examples of equations in two variables:
1. y=2 x +3
2. y= √ x−5
2 2
3. x + y =1
4. xy=4

Examples of Solutions to an equation

1 √3
1. x 2+ y 2=1 ( , ¿ is a solution?
2 2

()( )
2
+ √ =1
2
1 3
2 2
1 3
+ =1
4 4
4
=1
4
1=1

*An ordered pair (a , b) is a solution of an equation in x and y when the substitutions


x = a and y = b results a true statement.

Example pf Graph of an Equation


1. y=2 x +3
Linear Equation

x y
-2 -1
-1 1
0 3
1 5
2 7
Value of x is independent variable while value y is dependent variable because its value
depends on x value.

Intercepts of a graph (equation)


It is when the graph of the equation crosses (intersects) the axis (x or y). There are two types of
intercepts: 1. Horizontal (x-intercept) 2. Vertical (y-intercept)

*To define the x-intercept(s) [if they exist] y=0 and solve for x in the given equation.

Example 1: y=2 x +3

x-intercept 0=2 x +3
2 x=−3
−3
x=
2

Hence the x-intercept is ( −32 ,0)


*To define the y-intercept(s) [if they exist] x=0 and solve for y in the given equation.

Example 1: y=2 x +3

y-intercept y=2 ( 0 )+3


y=0+3
y=3
Hence the y-intercept is ( 0,3 )

Example 2: x 2+ y 2=1
x-intercepts: x 2+ 02=1 y-intercepts: 02 + y 2=1

x 2=1 y 2=1
x=1 ,−1 y=1 ,−1

Example 3: x 2+ xy+ y 2+2 y=3


x-intercept: x 2=3 y-intercept: y 2 +2 y=3

x=√ 3 y 2 +2 y−3=0
2
In situations like this we must fine numbers a y +c y+ b=0
that gives -3 when multiplied and adds up
to 2. These numbers are 3 and -1.
We look for numbers that are results of ‘ab’ So ( y +3 ) ( y−1 )=0 is same as
and when added up together (a + b) they 2
y +2 y−3=0
give us c.
Hence: y +3=0
y 2 +2 y−3=0
y−1=0
When we multiply 3 and -1 we get -3 and
when 3 + (-1) it gives us 2. y=1 ,−3

Example 4: xy=1 has no x or y intercept because 0 = 1 is not true. The graph is

Symmetry
Graphs of equations can have symmetry with respect to one of the coordinate axes (x or y) or
with respect to the origin. For equations in two variables:
1. Symmetry about the x-axis
2. Symmetry about the y-axis (even)
3. Symmetry about the origin (odd)
To verify symmetry, we have algebraic definitions for each type of symmetry.
Algebraic Definitions
1. Symmetric about the x-axis: (x , y) satisfies the equation if and only if (x , -y) satisfies the
equation
2. Symmetric about the y-axis: (x , y) satisfies the equation if and only if (-x , y) also satisfies
the equation
3. Symmetric about the origin: (x , y) satisfies the equation if and only if (-x , -y) also
satisfies the equation
Graphical tests for symmetry
1. A graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis if whenever (x , y) is on the graph, (x , -y)
is also on the graph
2. A graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis if whenever (x , y) is on the graph, (-x , y)
is also on the graph
3. A graph is symmetric with respect to the Origin if whenever (x , y) is on the graph,
(-x , -y) is also on the graph

Even Odd
*Even polynomials have even exponents and Odd polynomials have odd exponents.

Example 1:
2 2 2
x − y=0 x − y=0 (−x ) −(− y)=0
¿ x 2−(− y)=0 2
x + y=0
x 2− y=0 2
x + y=0 Not Symmetric by the
Hence symmetric by the Origin
Not symmetric by the
y-axis, i.e. – Even
x-axis

*A circle is the best Symmetry


Circle
A circle of radius r centered at (a , b) is the set of points which are at a distance of r away from
(a , b). Distance from (a , b) to (x , y) = r

r =√ ( x−a ) + ( y−b )
2 2

r 2= ( x −a )2 + ( y−b )2

This is the standard form of the equation of a circle with center (a , b) and radius r

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