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    Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing: Introduction - Taxonomy

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    The document provides an overview of wireless networks and mobile computing. It discusses key aspects such as user mobility, device portability, and examples of wireless technologies. Challenges of wireless networks like higher loss rates, lower security, and effects of device portability are summarized. The history of wireless communications including Nikola Tesla's inventions is briefly outlined. Finally, different layers of mobile networks from physical to application layers are introduced.

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    Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing: Introduction - Taxonomy

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    The document provides an overview of wireless networks and mobile computing. It discusses key aspects such as user mobility, device portability, and examples of wireless technologies. Challenges of wireless networks like higher loss rates, lower security, and effects of device portability are summarized. The history of wireless communications including Nikola Tesla's inventions is briefly outlined. Finally, different layers of mobile networks from physical to application layers are introduced.

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    The document provides an overview of wireless networks and mobile computing. It discusses key aspects such as user mobility, device portability, and examples of wireless technologies. Challenges of wireless networks like higher loss rates, lower security, and effects of device portability are summarized. The history of wireless communications including Nikola Tesla's inventions is briefly outlined. Finally, different layers of mobile networks from physical to application layers are introduced.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    35 views30 pages

    Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing: Introduction - Taxonomy

    Uploaded by

    smillango123
    The document provides an overview of wireless networks and mobile computing. It discusses key aspects such as user mobility, device portability, and examples of wireless technologies. Challenges of wireless networks like higher loss rates, lower security, and effects of device portability are summarized. The history of wireless communications including Nikola Tesla's inventions is briefly outlined. Finally, different layers of mobile networks from physical to application layers are introduced.

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    Wireless networks and mobile computing

    Introduction - taxonomy
    Ivan Stojmenovic [email protected] www.site.uottawa.ca/~ivan

    Overview
    Read C01-Introduction.pdf from Schillers course Mobile/wireless computing/communications History of wireless/mobile Layers

    Mobile/wireless communication
    Two aspects of mobility:
    user mobility: users communicate (wireless) anytime, anywhere, with anyone device portability: devices can be connected anytime, anywhere to the network

    Wireless vs. mobile

    stationary computer notebook in a hotel wireless LANs


    Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

    Examples

    local area networks: standardization of IEEE 802.11 Internet: Mobile IP extension of the internet protocol IP wide area networks: e.g., internetworking of GSM and ISDN

    Vehicles

    Applications I

    transmission of news, road condition, weather, music personal communication using GSM position via GPS local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance

    Emergencies
    early transmission of patient data to the hospital replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc. crisis, war, ...

    Typical application: road traffic

    UMTS, WLAN, DAB, DVB, GSM, cdma2000, TETRA, ...

    ad

    ho

    Personal Travel Assistant, PDA, Laptop, GSM, UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth, ...

    Mobile and wireless services


    DSL/ WLAN 3 Mbit/s GSM/GPRS 53 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s UMTS, GSM 115 kbit/s LAN 100 Mbit/s, WLAN 54 Mbit/s

    UMTS 2 Mbit/s

    GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s, DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s GSM 115 kbit/s, WLAN 11 Mbit/s

    UMTS, GSM 384 kbit/s

    Applications II
    Travelling salesmen
    access to customer files stored in a central location consistent databases for all agents mobile office

    Replacement of fixed networks


    remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities LANs in historic buildings

    Entertainment, education, ...

    History Info

    outdoor Internet access intelligent travel guide, location dependent info ad-hoc networks for multi user games

    Mobile devices
    Pager receive only tiny displays simple text messages PDA graphical displays character recognition simplified WWW Laptop/Notebook fully functional standard applications

    Sensors, embedded controllers

    Mobile phones voice, data simple graphical displays


    www.scatterweb.net

    Palmtop tiny keyboard simple versions of standard applications

    performance

    Effects of device portability


    Power consumption
    limited computing power, low quality displays Loss of data with higher probability

    Limited user interfaces


    compromise between size of fingers and portability character/voice recognition, abstract symbols

    Limited memory
    limited value of mass memories with moving parts flash-memory or ? as alternative

    Wireless vs fixed networks


    Higher loss-rates due to interference Restrictive regulations of frequencies Low transmission rates Higher delays, higher jitter Lower security, simpler active attacking Always shared medium

    History of wireless communications

    Nikola Tesla 1856-1943

    The Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, and scientist www.teslasociety.com

    Use of alternate current


    Transformers for long distance transfers Polyphase motors to use the current Built the worlds first hydroelectric plant at Niagara Falls 1895

    Nikola Teslas inventions

    Radio/wireless transmission
    US Supreme Court awarded patent to Tesla in 1945, taking it from Marconi

    Lost inventions
    When Nikola Tesla announced working on the free transmission of solar to electric energy, His laboratory was destroyed. And he lived in poverty Among other achievements Made a ship invisible Worked on time/space transfer After withdrawal, perhaps assassinated and his documentation is still classified by US government

    Wireless networks - taxonomy


    Single hop networks Cellular networks Satellite networks Service discovery Home and office Bluetooth master-slave Multi-hop networks Sensor networks Mesh networks for wireless Internet access Ad hoc networks

    Wireless networks & mobile computing


    Ad hoc networks Sensor networks Cellular networks RFID Data broadcast computer science components exist

    Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks


    +

    +
    -

    + + + -

    Sensors may measure


    Distance, Direction, Speed Humidity, Soil makeup Temperature, Chemicals Light, Vibrations, Motion Seismic data, Acoustic data strain, torque, load, pressure

    Self-configure into wireless multi-hop network

    Internet Internet

    Wireless networks - layers


    Physical layer Medium access layer Network layer (multi-hop) Transport layer (TCP) Applications

    mobile communication - layer model


    Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer
    Multimedia, adaptive applications service location congestion and flow control quality of service addressing, routing, device location hand-over Authentication, Multiplexing, media access control Encryption, modulation Interference, attenuation frequency

    Overview of the main chapters


    Chapter 10: Support for Mobility Chapter 9: Mobile Transport Layer Chapter 8: Mobile Network Layer

    Chapter 4: Telecommunication Systems

    Chapter 5: Satellite Systems

    Chapter 6: Broadcast Systems

    Chapter 7: Wireless LAN

    Chapter 3: Medium Access Control Chapter 2: Wireless Transmission

    Overlay Networks
    integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics regional vertical handover metropolitan area

    campus-based

    horizontal handover

    in-house

    Physical layer
    Limited bandwidth, Limited power (if battery) Position information (GPS receiver ?) One-to-all commun. (omni-directional antennas) One-to-many communication (directional antennas with fixed or variable angular beam) One-to-one communication (narrow beam directional/smart antennas, separate frequency) Same frequency, different but fixed frequencies, frequency hopping (Bluetooth, ultra-wideband) Laptops, sensors, cellular phones, palmtops,

    Some physical layer problems


    Power management (battery operated) Wireless error control choose error correcting codes suitable for wireless transfer Wireless data compression compress data for faster wireless transfer Channel modeling what is the interference model in cellular networks? Smart antennas (e.g. directional) New technologies (e.g. ultra-wideband frequency hopping)

    Medium access control MAC


    IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth for personal short range networks 10m Ultra-wideband MAC with position information ?? Frequency allocation for cellular networks Neighbor discovery in ad hoc, sensor, Bluetooth Position discovery (GPS, indoor, relative, cell) Handoff in cellular networks Position based MAC Power adjusted MAC fixed or variable transmission radii

    MAC problems
    Call admission: which news calls to accept ? Handoff management: how to move ongoing call to new cell, which calls to move to new frequencies or other base station, which calls to terminate Random access schemes: ALOHA like protocols generate delay of broadcast at random Data broadcast: BS periodically broadcast desired data. Minimize average access delay. CDMA code division multiple access: use different codes over the same channel, small interference

    Network layer
    Neighbor discovery in multi-hop Network organization: choosing transmission radii for desired connectivity Data communication: Routing, broadcasting, geocasting, multicasting, QoS routing Service access in multi-hop = routing Connection rerouting in cellular = routing Paging and registration tradeoof = location management in cellular networks, cellular IP, mobile IP

    Transport layer
    In wired networks, errors are mainly due to congestion In wireless networks, error rate is increased due to MAC problems, disconnection is possible due to mobility or power failure Wireless TCP different from TCP Choose best routes and choose best transmission rates to avoid congestion QoS issues Differentiated service: voice, data, multimedia

    Applications
    Mobile, pervasive, ubiquitous, nomadic computing Computing anytime anywhere Distributed computing, CORBA Cellular and satellite networks Ad hoc networks: rescue, battlefield, conference Sensor networks: monitoring environment to detect object movement or presence of chemicals, fire, temperature reports Mesh networks;: rooftop networks for multi-hop wireless Internet access

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