nay aemnber with love and honour the heroic deeds of the martyrs, who me! to ed their lives so that our motherland can be freed from the British rule sac! ASSIGNMENTS question 1 saniy ,) How is the poem, ‘The Gift of India’ both a lament. and a pride for ( Mother India? Discuss. * The Gift of India’ by Sarojini Naidu is both a lament and a pride for Mother India. In this poem, the poet has personified the country India as the mother . the loss of her sons in the battlefields during the FirstBelgium and France: ief-stricken at the disrespect shown to tt in the battlefield. They were not ro at the valiant sacrifice made by the sons of the ly tribute that she would like to be paid to her martyred : sacrifice should not be forgotten. (Ord, lite LAL oftlat lt Ma aie Ms tr fateey 0. doer teases witech, fab f Bo At. AHI, LOTR le anyone. vate thin. cise gpedisttle ad thee cidaatln sy Leste oe —-!, oemparite dosh abet ihe. Le Aesth 108 fobleesharene wealian. Site» ou, oa.(b) Saroi} ye ini Naidw’s Tne wyr ~~ a agree? WhY? has glorified war, but this poem is d glorified but condemned. tt the horrors of First Wc Literature Here, war is not he Gift of India brings oUt War is tragic and deadly. portrayal of Mother India’s grief at the loss of her First World War- ‘The horrific images of dead Indian soldiers in th eAp. alee. fbten.s What. Ahisy hos.nd ae OF Censsing te Boe G Z Question : The speaker's departure trom the harbour (from life) and entry into the ocean js not really a departure. It isa way returning home, Discuss with reference to the poem, "crossing the Bar", Answer: Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote this poem " Crossing the Bar" as his metaphorical meditation on Death, In this poem the poet has drawn a parallel between a routine journey of a ship with the journey of life into death, ‘The poet has used the metaphor of a ship sailing into the sea to represent the journey of life across a sand bar. Literally the Bar refers to the sand bar, which is a ridge of sand built up by currents along shore, Allegoricaly itis a demarcation between life and death. Crossing the bar is an act of crossing the sand bar between the harbour and the ocean or we can say {an act of passing from life to death i.e. crossi refers to the act of dying,wsoUT THE AUTHOR i muthor, - ata, Loud Tornpion.The ship is scheduled to set out on a voyage on "sunset" when the "evening star" will appear. After "one clear call" or formal announcement it will start it's journey to ocean. Allegorically, the speaker want to say that with the end of the day, his life has also come to an end and he can hear the final announcement of his death as his advanced age has come. ~ The speaker wants no "moaning of the bar" when he puts “out to sea", He wants a painless and easy and smooth death. . The poet wants a" tide" which is so full that it cannot contain more sound and foam and seems like "asleep" when it carries the ship across the sandbar. The poe here noe that his end will come quietly and without a turn to eternity just like the tide returns t the boundless deephe speaker finds comfort in the fact that his journey is both a departure and a homecoming. It is suggestive of the fact that journey from life to death is merely a part of a cycle of birth and death, which every human being has to go through. Another aspect of these above mentioned lines are as the river and the sea express the kind of death he wishes for himself. The water from the sea evaporates and turns into clouds, these clouds bring rain, entering that water into the rivers and these rivers too flow, carrying their water and eventually pouring it into the sea. Thus they complete a cycle and the water returns from where it came. Similarly the speaker considers himself like the water, says that he is returning from where he came. Here the word " boundless deep" literally refers to sea but i in an allegorical meaning it refers to aThe poet believes that his soul belongs to a place which is "boundless deep" and farbeyond the limits of Time and Place i.e. eternity. He believes that after his death his soul will return to the place from where it originally belong to, which is its home, Thus the act of dying is partly departure from this world and partly the homecoming of the soul to the another World. This way the cycle of life and death will be persistent. Here the poet shows a calm and accepting attitude while he feels no pain and fear and no reluctance at the prospect of leaving life. As he is hopeful to see the "Pilot" of his ship i.e. the almighty God face to face after death. As he says - "| hope to see my Pilot face to face When | have crost the bar." These lines reveals that the poet believes in the phenomena of afterlife, where he will be reached into another world after "Crossing the Bar" and can seemepe rmaaere Z Question : Explain the symbolism present in the poem, ‘Crossing the Gar" mbolism is a literary device which implys with the use of symbols to signify ideas and ‘Answer : Syf Iteral meanings qualities and give meaning different from thelr Tennyson has used a number of symbols in the poem "Crossing the Bar”, to enrich the poem and reveal the significance and deeper meaning of the poem. . The symtol used in the poem are as follows Symbol, Deeper meaningocean, ie. eternity deep ehome. afterlife, being born again ‘etwilight tast moment of life : edark + death embark: leaving the land of living and heading Pte Fite sbourne, = boundary or limitse crossing. : act of dying the barSignificance of symbols : Significance of these symbols in depicting the theme of the poem - The main theme of the poem is "Death and dying ". In this short meditative poem Lord Tennyson had drawn a parallel between a routine journey and the journey into death. The poet has used the metaphor of a ship sailing into the sea to represent the journey of life and a sand bar - which is a ridge between the harbour and the open ocean as the barrier between life and death. If the sand bar is Tennyson's metaphor for the boundary between life and death the " Crossing the Bar" is all about crossing from life to death, i.e. act of dying. But the poem is not just death, it is also about what comes before bolic of getting old. As the evening star t when the day ends metaphorically itLiterally the ship is about to sail on a long voyage at sunset when the evening star rises in the sky. After a formal announcement the "clear call" the ship would sail out of the harbour across the sand bar into the vast ocean. The vast ocean is a symbol of death. When the waves crash against the sand bar a gloomy - moaning sound is produced, Here the poet compares this moaning sound with the pain-and sorrow related with death. He says - Z "And there may be no moaning of the bar When | put out to sea. " The speaker hopes that when his ship will cross the sand bar there should be rio moaning sound of the bar. Allegorically he hopes for a painless and smooth death without moaning. ‘The speaker wishes fora tide that is "Too full for sound and foam" means a tide that is so full that it can not produce any sound and foam and hence it appears as moving "asleep". Here he hopes that the feeling of death will be so overwhelming that all other feelings will be numbed. tide return again to the " boundless deep" i.e. ocean from where it came, his soul will also be r of death by drawing attention towards the fact that death jim death is just a returning homeqwilight and evening bell And after that the dark" ". There will be possi if ee will be possible for him to see “|hope to see my Pilot face to face When I crost the bar”. - Here by capitalizing the word "Pilot" the speaker refers to God, who p beyond the limits , across the ber. elief in afterlife as he believes that dying is simply a stage and . Here the poet has used the word Pilot for God as the great power ) and accepting death rather than fearing the dark unknown.why dovou think the poet has used the word "pilot" to refer the God in the poem ‘Crossing tion » Why do you thi answer. Quest the Bar’? Give reasons to support your ‘crossing the Bar’ by Afred Loed Tennyson, describes a voyage across the sand bar at ‘Answer: The poem b . ito the sea But the poem has a deeper meaning. the harbours entrance in Here the poet has used the metaphor of a ship sailing into the sea to represent the journey of life ‘and the ‘sand bar'-a geographical boundary of sand between harbour and ocean, refers to a spiritual boundary, one that separates the temporal world and the limitless regions beyond. : {ship is scheduled to zail on a long voyage at sunset when the evening star (Venus) has risen in the sky. After a formal announcement, the “one clear cal”, the ship would sail out of the harbour, across the sand bar into the vast ocean Allegorically, the poem describes the final journey of a man towards death. " Sunset" and "evening star" are the metaphor used to describe the speaker's old age, as the end of the day represent the end of hislife, Similarly “Twilight” and " evening bell" are also the metaphor used to represent his last. ‘moment of life and death knell which is the signal his upcoming death, "And after that the dark” Where "dark" refers to his death. The poet hopes that