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Week 4

This document covers Python programming concepts including strings, string methods, for loops, user input, if/else statements, logical operators, and formatting text output. It provides examples of how to access characters in strings, use string methods like upper(), lower(), find(), strip(), and len(). It demonstrates how to take user input using raw_input(), cast it to integers, and check conditions in if/else statements. Formatting output with % formatting codes and using logical operators like ==, <, >, and, or, not is also explained. An exercise at the end prompts the user to write a program to judge couplets.

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Nguyễn Hồng Đăng
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78 views12 pages

Week 4

This document covers Python programming concepts including strings, string methods, for loops, user input, if/else statements, logical operators, and formatting text output. It provides examples of how to access characters in strings, use string methods like upper(), lower(), find(), strip(), and len(). It demonstrates how to take user input using raw_input(), cast it to integers, and check conditions in if/else statements. Formatting output with % formatting codes and using logical operators like ==, <, >, and, or, not is also explained. An exercise at the end prompts the user to write a program to judge couplets.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Hồng Đăng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 4

Strings, if/else, return, user input


Special thanks to Scott Shawcroft, Ryan Tucker, and Paul Beck for their work on these slides.
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Strings
index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
or -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
character P . D i d d y

• Accessing character(s): >>> name = "P. Diddy"


>>> name[0]
variable [ index ] 'P'
>>> name[7]
variable [ index1:index2 ] 'y'
>>> name[-1]
'y'
– index2 exclusive >>> name[3:6]
'Did'
– index1 or index2 can be >>> name[3:]
omitted (end of string) 'Diddy'
>>> name[:-2]
'P. Did'
2
String Methods
Java Python
length len(str)
startsWith, endsWith startswith, endswith
toLowerCase, toUpperCase upper, lower,
isupper, islower,
capitalize, swapcase
indexOf find
trim strip

>>> name = "Martin Douglas Stepp"


>>> name.upper()
'MARTIN DOUGLAS STEPP'
>>> name.lower().startswith("martin")
True
>>> len(name)
20

3
for Loops and Strings
• A for loop can examine each character in a string in order.
for name in string:
statements

>>> for c in "booyah":


... print c
...
b
o
o
y
a
h

4
raw_input
raw_input : Reads a string from the user's keyboard.
– reads and returns an entire line of input

>>> name = raw_input("Howdy. What's yer name?")


Howdy. What's yer name? Paris Hilton

>>> name
'Paris Hilton'

5
raw_input
• raw_input can be used to read a number from the user's
keyboard by casting the result as an int
– Only numbers can be cast as ints!
– Example:
age = int(raw_input("How old are you? "))
print "Your age is", age
print "You have", 65 - age, "years until
retirement"

Output:
How old are you? 53
Your age is 53
You have 12 years until retirement

6
Exercise
• Write a program that reads two employees' hours and
displays each's total and the overall total.
– Cap each day at 8 hours.
Employee 1: How many days? 3
Hours? 6
Hours? 12
Hours? 5
Employee 1's total hours = 19 (6.33 / day)

Employee 2: How many days? 2


Hours? 11
Hours? 6
Employee 2's total hours = 14 (7.00 / day)

Total hours for both = 33

7
Formatting Text
"format string" % (parameter, parameter, ...)

• Placeholders insert formatted values into a string:


– %d an integer
– %f a real number
– %s a string
– %8d an integer, 8 characters wide, right-aligned
– %08d an integer, 8 characters wide, padding with 0s
– %-8d an integer, 8 characters wide, left-aligned
– %12f a real number, 12 characters wide
– %.4f a real number, 4 characters after decimal
– %6.2f a real number, 6 total characters wide, 2 after decimal

>>> x = 3; y = 3.14159; z = "hello"


>>> text = "%-8s, %04d is close to %.3f" % (z, x, y)
>>> print text
hello , 0003 is close to 3.142

8
if
if condition:
statements

– Example:
gpa = int(raw_input("What is your GPA? "))
if gpa > 2.0:
print "Your application is accepted."

9
if/else
if condition:
statements
elif condition:
statements
else:
statements

– Example:
gpa = int(raw_input("What is your GPA? "))
if gpa > 3.5:
print "You have qualified for the honor roll."
elif gpa > 2.0:
print "Welcome to Mars University!"
else:
print "Your application is denied."

10
Logical Operators
Operator Meaning Example Result
== equals 1 + 1 == 2 True
!= does not equal 3.2 != 2.5 True
< less than 10 < 5 False
> greater than 10 > 5 True
<= less than or equal to 126 <= 100 False
>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= 5.0 True

Operator Example Result


and (2 == 3) and (-1 < 5) False
or (2 == 3) or (-1 < 5) True
not not (2 == 3) True

11
Exercise
• Write a program that judges a couplet by giving it one point if it
– is composed of two verses with lengths within 4 chars of each other,
– "rhymes" (the two verses end with the same last two letters),
– alliterates (the two verses begin with the same letter).
• A couplet which gets 2 or more points is "good"
Example logs of execution:
(run #1)
First verse: I joined the CS party
Second verse: Like "LN" and Marty
2 points: Keep it up, lyrical genius!

(run #2)
First verse: And it's still about the Benjamins
Second verse: Big faced hundreds and whatever other
synonyms
0 points: Aw, come on. You can do better...

12

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