*****Math (2nd Grading) week 8 – SUBTRACTION

What is Subtraction?
- Subtraction is the process of taking a number from a larger number.
- We can use addition to check the answer in subtraction.
Example: 15 – 9 = 6 675  Minuend
Check: 6 + 9 = 15 - 321  Subtrahend
354 Difference

 The minuend is the number from which another number is subtracted.

 The subtrahend is the number that is subtracted from the minuend.
 The difference is the answer in subtraction.

----Without Regrouping----
876 999 Php 874 Php 985 Php 347
- 45 - 99 Php - 32 Php - 63 Php - 37
831 900 Php 842 Php 922 Php 310
----With Regrouping----

17 11 16
5 12 8 7 15 5 1 11 7 6 14
562 985 621 Php 8 7 4
- 34 - 98 - 49 Php - 7 6
5 2 8 8 8 7 5 7 2 Php 7 9 8

17 15
8 7 17 4 5 14
Php 8 9 6 896 987 564
Php - 3 6 - 60 - 98 - 89
860 836 889 475
 Word Problem

 There are 540 tomatoes in a box and 290 are already ripe. How
many tomatoes are still unripe?

Understand the problem.

What facts are given?
-540 tomatoes, 290 tomatoes already ripe
What is asked?
-The total number of tomatoes that are still unripe.

Plan.
What number sentence will solve the problem? 540 – 290 = N
Operation: Subtraction

4 14
Solve: 540
Solution : -290
250
Look back
Write and label your answer.
Final answer:
There are 250 tomatoes that are still unripe.

 There are 250 chocolates in the jar. 110 chocolates were eaten
by your friends. So, how many chocolates should there be in the
jar now?
Understand the problem:
What facts are given?
250 chocolates , 110 chocolates
What is asked?
Total number of chocolates in the jar.
Plan:
What number sentence will solve the problem? 250 –110 = N
Operation: Subtraction

Solve: 250
Solution: -110
140
Final answer:
There are 140 chocolates left in the jar.

Ronie read 112 pages of story book. The story book had 250
pages. How many more pages are there to read?
Given: 112 pages of story book, 250 pages
Asked: Total number of pages to read.
Operation: Subtraction
Number sentence:250 – 112 = N 4 10
Solution and Final answer: Solution: 2 5 0
There are 138 more pages need to read. - 112
138
*****Math (2nd Grading) week 9 – Multiplication

What is multiplication?
 Multiplication is a repeated addition.
 The symbol used in multiplication is x read as “times”
 Multiplication is also the inverse or opposite of division.

9  Multiplicand
X 5  Multiplier
15  Product

What is multiplicand?
- The first factor in a multiplication sentence and the number that is multiplied
by another.
What is multiplier?
- The second factor in the multiplication sentence and the number that
multiplies.
What is product?
- Answer in multiplication.

Multiplication as a repeated addition.

A family who owns a grocery store decided
to donate 6 boxes of milk to the families with
children in a certain barangay. Each box
contains 6 big cans. How many cans of milk
are there in all?

Addition Equation: 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 36

Multiplication Equation: 6 group of cans = 6 x 6 = 36

Factor  6 x 6 = 36  product
The items below will be donated to a school in a remote province.
Write the addition equation and multiplication equation for each group of
objects.

Answer!
AE= 3 + 3 +3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 18 OR AE= 6 + 6 + 6 = 18
ME=3 X 6 = 18 ME= 6 X 3 = 18

Properties of Multiplication
Multiplication has rules or properties which are important to remember to
make solving multiplication problems easy.

Identity Property of Multiplication

When a number is multiplied by 1 or if 1 is multiplied by a number, the
product is always equal to that same number.

Examples:
5x1=5 1 x 87 = 87

Zero Property of Multiplication

When a number is multiplied by 0, the product is always zero.

Examples:
9x0=0 23 x 0 = 0 4x0=0 67 x 0 = 0

Commutative Property of Multiplication

When the order or position of the factors is changed, the product remains the
same.

Examples:
3x2=6 2x3=6
5 x 3 = 15 3 x 5 = 15
8x1= 8 1x8=8
**Math (2nd Grading) week 10–Addition and Multiplication
Order of Operations (Addition and Subtraction)

There are 28 pupils playing at the playground. A group of 5 pupils joined them,
while 7 pupils left to go to the canteen. How many pupils are left playing?
Solve the given problem.
There were 28 pupils. Then, 5 pupils joined.
Our number sentence will be: 28 + 5 = N
But , 7 pupils left.
 Therefore, the complete number sentence will be: 28 + 5 – 7 = N
How do you solve a number sentence with more than one operation, such as
addition or subtraction? Because 7 pupils left.

Which operation will you do first?

Perform the operation that appears first from left to right.
Because “+” comes first, do addition first. 28+5=33
What operation comes next? Subtraction. So, we subtract 7 from 33 because 7
pupils left. 33-7=26

There are 26 pupils left playing in the playground.

We can also show the solution this way:
28+5–7 = (28+5) –7
=33-7
=26pupils
Did you notice the parentheses?
We group the numbers to be added first using parentheses.
Example:
There are 28 pupils playing at the playground. A group of 7 pupils left to go to the
canteen, while 5 pupils came to join them. How many pupils are left playing at the
playground?
The new number sentence will be: 28-7+5=N
Which operation should we do first?
We subtract first because that is the first operation that appears from the left of
the number sentence.
The difference will then be added to 5.
Thus: 28–7=2121+5=26
Take note that the answer is the same: 26 pupils are left playing in the playground.
We can also show the solution this way:
28–7+5=(28-7)+5
=21+5
=26
Solving Word Problem Involving Subtraction
Problem # 1
Danilo opened a big basket. There were 146 apples. He put 45 red apples
and 15 green apples in a smaller basket. How many apples remained in the
big basket?
Understand the problem.
What facts are given?
146 apples, 45 red apples, and 15 green apples
What is asked?
The total number of apples remained in the big basket.
Plan.
What number sentence will solve the problem? 146 –( 45 + 15) = N
Operation/s: Subtraction and addition
Look back
Write and label your answer.
Final answer: There are 86 apples remained in the big basket.
Problem#2
Abie has 146 magic wands. She buys 56 more magic wands. Then she gave 65
magic wands to Chloe. How many magic wands does Abie have now?
Understand the problem.
What facts are given?
146 magic wands, 56 more wands, 65 magic wands gave to Chloe.
What is asked?
The total number of magic wands Abie have.
Plan.
What number sentence will solve the problem? (146 + 56) –65 = N
Operation/s: Subtraction and addition

Solve: (146 + 56) -65 = N

Solution: 202 -65 = N
202 –65 = 137
Look back
Write and label your answer.
Final answer: There are137 magic wands.

***Math (2nd Grading) week 11 –Repeat addition

Multiplication equation(ME): 2 x 3 = 6
Addition equation(AE): 2 + 2 + 2 = 6
0r
Multiplication equation: 3 x 2 = 6
Addition equation: 3 + 3 = 6

Multiplication equation: 3 x 6 = 18
Addition equation: 3+ 3 +3 +3 +3 +3 = 18
Or
Multiplication equation: 6 x 3 = 18
Addition equation: 6 + 6 + 6 = 18
Multiplication equation: 5 x 4 = 20
Addition equation: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20
0r
Multiplication equation: 4 x 5 = 20
Addition equation: 4+ 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20

Array
2x4=8
2+2+2+2=8 3 x 4 = 12 or
4x2=8 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 or
4+4=8 4 x 3 = 12 or
4 + 4 + 4 = 12

5X3=15 3X5=15
5+5+5=15 3+3+3+3+3=15

7 x 3 = 21 or
3 x 7 = 21
7 + 7 + 7 = 21 or
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 +3 + 3 = 21

ME: 4 x 2 = 8 or 2 x 4 = 8
AE: 4+ 4 = 8 or 2+2+2+2 = 8
Counting by multiples
Equal jumps on the number line

Write the counting multiples of the

following.
5= 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40…
3= 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30…
2= 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20…

LESSON SYNTHESIS
 Multiplicand is the first factor in a multiplication sentence and the
number that is multiplied by another.

 The multiplier is the second factor in the multiplication sentence and

the number that multiplies.

 Product is the answer in multiplication.

 Multiplication is a repeated addition.

 The symbol used in multiplication is x read as “times”

 Multiplication is also the inverse or opposite of division.

***Math (2nd Grading) week 12 –Multiplies Mentally

***Math
(2nd Grading) week 13 – Word Problem
(Steps in solving word problem)

To solve word problems involving multiplication. answer the following guide

questions:
 What are the given facts?
 What is asked in the problem?
 What is the operation to be used?
 What is the number sentence?
 What is the answer to the problem?