QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

>>>>>MODULE 8-14<<<<<

SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE

IN

GE 5 (PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION)

BY:
JOHN PAUL C. AFALLA
Instructor

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION
Humans’ capability to communicate using the inscribed words and use
of sounds make us top of the hierarchy of all living creatures.
Communication is derived from a Latin word “communis” which
means common. Communicating becomes essential in the human
civilization on exchanging of information, sharing thoughts, and
expressing oneself. Also, it becomes the catalyst for the people in the
society to unite in decision making and fostering good relationships
and profound respect to one another. Meanwhile, it is already known
that the vital role of communication is the transmission of message to
other person, but how does communication take place?

The process of communications happens between a sender and

the receiver. The message is encoded by the sender and decoded by
the receiver channeling through various medium. Most commonly,
communication takes in face-to-face interaction, however, as the
world becomes more advanced, our means of communications
changes. Whilst the traditional modes of communication remain the
same, various communication modes arose and became not just the
trend but become essential in exchanging information.
Communication mode refers to the channel through which one
expresses his/her communicative intent; it is the medium through
which one conveys his/her thoughts. Moreover, views or feeling can
be communicated through face-to-face interaction, video or audio.
Thus, the development of various channel for communication using
the Ethernet and Information and Communication Technology allow
us transfer the message faster and convenient. Needless to say, the
transmission of the information is also interrupted by many barriers
of communication thus, affecting and hindering the understanding of
both parties due to noise and other subconscious nonverbal cues.
More often or not, nonverbal signals trigger the process of
communication.

Additionally, written communication has become important on

the academic arena. Through written text information, it allows us to
discover, explore, travel the world, and seemingly defy time and
space. Analyzing the deeper context of diverse cultures in our
community serves a key point of human intellect on unveiling the
significant details of the evolution of human, diversities, cultures,
politics, and society. Thus, becomes a primary tool on the academic
research and the like.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Essentially, this book does not only contain the types, basic

elements, process, modes, and forms of communication as it also

includes the different purposes of communication in the daily course
of human person and how one’s good communication skills effect on
the society. The underlying purpose of communication also is to cross
the culture of other people in a holistic level of perception and
determining the differences through understanding multicultural
communication and globalization trend.

Therefore, adept communication skills and embodying the ethical

principles of communication help us to converse and transmit the
message effectively to our target audience. Furthermore, it hones our
moral and intellectual capacity making as not just a good
communicator but a listener as well, thus avoiding and mitigating
misunderstanding and further implications of both parties in the
actual scenario of communication.

Module 8 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Topics:
1. Communication and Globalization
2. Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Setting
3. Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language
4. Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures
5. Coping with the Challenges of Intercultural Communication
Topic II. LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL
SETTING
Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
2. demonstrate an awareness of the reality of cultural diversity
through identification of known dialects and languages; and
3. explain how cultural diversity affects effective communications.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Discussion Multiculturalism refers to the presence of people with several cultures

in a specific setting. It is the co- existence of diverse cultures, where
culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in
customary behaviors, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of
thinking, and communicative styles.

Image 2. Source: https://bit.ly/369vcUE

The world today is characterized by ever growing compacts resulting

in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural
background.

One of the most common forms of global communication is an email.

A person in one country types a message and clicks the send button. The
message is then encoded into packets which are sent across the internet
to the recipient. In another country, the receiver logs in and decodes the
message by opening the email, and retrieves the message.

Global communication becomes more complicated when there are

multiple recipients from different cultures with different languages all
receiving the same message, as well as when there are more layers added
to the channel. For example, if a world leader makes a speech broadcast
across the globe, people from one region may rejoice at the news, while
others may find it offensive. In this case, the channel itself can involve
many different layers, as translators, news, editors and commentators
each interpret the message differently before passing it on to the intended
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
audiences.
It is the way on how we communicate to other. By using our
own languages and an English language, we can make a
conversation locally or globally. The main purpose of this is to
have an idea on how can we apply what we learned from them for
ourselves and for our community. It can also be the way for our
country to have sufficient knowledge to make it more
outstanding.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Local communication means data transferred directly from the

gateway to bluz DK, without going through the Particle cloud. Local
communication can be used for a lot of tasks that don't require the
cloud.

Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching

that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of
people from different cultural backgrounds.

The study of global communication is an interdisciplinary field

focusing on global communication, or the ways that people connect,
share, relate and mobilize across geographic, political, economic, social
and cultural divides.

COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES

Communicating across cultures is challenging. Each culture has set
rules that its members take for granted. Few of us are aware of our own
cultural biases because cultural imprinting is begun at a very early age.
And while some of culture‘s knowledge, rules, beliefs, values, phobias, and
anxieties are taught explicitly, most of the information is absorbed
subconsciously.

The challenge for multinational communication has never been

greater. Worldwide business organizations have discovered that
intercultural communication is a subject importance not just because of
increased globalization, but also because their domestic workforce is
growing more and more diverse.

Intercultural communication is a discipline that studies

communication across different cultures and social groups, or how
culture affects communication. It describes the wide range of
communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an
CULTURES CO- CULTURES

-A culture is the system of knowledge,- Within a culture as a whole are co-

beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, andcultures, these are composed of
artefacts that are acquired shared, andmembers of the same general culture
used by its members during daily living. who differ in some ethnic or sociological
way from the parent culture.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

organization or social context made up of individuals from different

religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. In this sense it
seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act,
communicate and perceive the world around them.

Table 2. Cultures and Co-Cultures

BARRIERS TO LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN

MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
Some of the barriers to effective communication are language, medium
of communication, personality and culture. Culture became barrier to an
effective communication when a person has different language bearing,
and they have different interpretation to such words.
What is the difference between multicultural and cross-cultural or
Intercultural?
While they all might be under the same roof, they describe entirely
different rooms. The differences in the meanings have to do with the
perspectives we take when interacting with people from other cultures.
Multicultural refers to a society that contains several cultural or
ethnic groups. People live alongside one another, but each cultural group
does not necessarily have engaging interactions with each other. For
example, in a multicultural neighborhood people may frequent ethnic
grocery stores and restaurants without really interacting with their
neighbors from other countries.
Cross-cultural (Intercultural) refers to the comparison of different
cultures. In cross-cultural communication, differences are understood
and acknowledged, and can bring about individual change, but not
collective transformations. In cross-cultural societies, one culture is often
considered “the norm” and all other cultures are compared or contrasted.
Synthesis
 Global communication becomes more complicated when there are
multiple recipients from different cultures with different languages
all receiving the same message, as well as when there are more
layers added to the channel.
 Local communication means data transferred directly from the
gateway to bluz DK, without going through the Particle cloud. Local
communication can be used for a lot of tasks that don't require the
cloud.

References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using

English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

Uychoco, M. and Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. 1st Ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 9 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Topics:
1. Communication and Globalization
2. Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Setting
3. Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language
4. Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures
5. Coping with the Challenges of Intercultural Communication

Topic III. VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN

LANGUAGE
Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. explain the importance of using appropriate varieties and
registers of language in certain communication context;
2. explain the Variety and Register of Oral and Written Language;
and
3. explain the differences between Spoken and Written Language.

Discussion Introduction
According to an article written by Gleaner, we have six language
registers: formal, casual, intimate, private, frozen and consultative. These
registers can be use depending on the situation and people we encounter.
It is essential to use appropriate varieties and registers of language in
certain communication context because in different situations and people
call for different registers. It shows the level of formality and informality of
the language used. When we use appropriate varieties and register of
language we‘re showing respect, interest, comfortableness and
professionalism.

However, we have different approach in language register when it

comes to face-to-face conversation and in written mode. We characterized
face-to-face conversation as multi-modality because we can use different
registers and we considered the status, position or the way of living of the
person we‘re communicating with in order to know when and where to use
or drop the formality. While in writing a paper we commonly use the
formal register since the construction of sentences, correction of grammar
and appropriate using of words really matter.

CHARACTERISTICS OF WRITTEN LANGUAGE

1. Permanence - means when students write something they already
set in their mind to be done in one session. They don‘t think that
they can edit or revised their written to be better because students
think their written is subject to permanence. In this case teacher
perhaps notice all of students that they just write everything that
comes in their written.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

2. Production time - this part plays a crucial issue for the agents. In
this part, students will think about the deadline. The possible case
in here is the students will just only focus on the deadline and
would resort to not give importance on the content itself. As the
result, their written work will not be maximized and or to be
improved. Moreover this is a job for the teachers to push students
to think about the process of learning rather than the result itself.

3. Distance - having a relationship with the audience anticipation.

Before students start to write, they have to know who will be the
audience to read their output

4. Orthography - this part is talk about the technical of appearance.

After writer consider about the word, phrase and sentence that they
will use students also consider about the front, size and also the
picture. All appearance has to connect with the topic and target of
the reader.

5. Complexity - this is talk about the sentence whether students use

simple sentence combine or complex sentence. We as a teacher will
know the students’ progress of learning. And for the academic
writing, students should provide reference.

6. Vocabulary - talk about word richness we (teacher) can see what a

new vocabulary that they already acquired.

7. Formality - this is complex convention for academic writing

(describe, explain, compare, criticize, argue, etc). If the writer
creates academic writing it means the product have to formal.
Because of that the language that they use has to formal and
polite. The front or size has to consistent with the guideline that
they use (APA style, MLA etc).

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE

1. Variation in Speed
2. Loudness or Quietness
3. Gestures
4. Intonation
5. Stress
6. Rhythm
7. Pitch Range
8. Pausing and Phrasing

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE

WRITTEN:
 Tends to be more complex and intricate than speech with longer
sentences and many subordinate clauses. The punctuation and
layout of written text also have no spoken equivalent.
 Usually permanent and written texts cannot usually be changed
once they have been printed/written out
 Written text can communicate across time and space for as long as
the particular language and writing system is still understood.
 Writers can make use of punctuation, headings, layouts, colors and
other graphical effects in their written texts.
 Some grammatical constructions are only used in writing as are
some kinds of vocabulary such as some complex chemical and legal
terms.

SPOKEN:
 Tends to be full or repetitions, incomplete sentences, corrections
and interruptions with the exception of formal speeches and other
scripted fors of speech such as news reports and scripts for plays
and films.
 Usually transient unless recorded and speakers can correct
themselves and change their utterances as they go along.
 Speech is usually used for immediate interactions.
 Speech can us timing, tone, volume and tremble to add emotional
context.
 Some types of vocabulary are used only or mainly speech. These
include slang expressions, and tags like y’know, like, etc.

THE FIVE MOST COMMON LANGUAGE REGISTER IN WRITING

FORMAL LANGUAGE REGISTER is appropriate for professional writing

and letters to a boss or stranger.
 Cannot instead of can‘t
 Have not instead of haven‘t
 Will not instead of won‘t
Examples: business letters, announcement, professional emails, some
essay, letters complaint.

INFORMAL LANGUAGE REGISTER is conversational and appropriate

when writing to friends and people you very well.
 They‘ve been fighting all day
 He‘s very busy
 We feel that the target in unrealistic
 I planned many different

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Examples: short notes diaries and journals

NEUTRAL LANGUAGE REGISTER is non-emotional and sticks to facts. It
is most appropriate for technical writing

Register is a subset of language as defined by purpose and setting.

Varieties - A variety also called “lect” is a specific form of language

cluster. This may include Languages, Dialects, registers, style or other
forms of language, as well as “Standard Variety”

Varieties of the Philippines

a.Cebuano
b.Waray-waray
c.Ilocano
d.Kapampangan
e.Hiligaynon

Types of Register
A. Frozen - is a language that never changes. (Ex. Panatang
Makabayan).
B. Formal - Standard English.(Ex. Speeches or School Lessons)
C. Consultative - Less formal standard English.(Ex. Newscasting)
D. Casual - Language between Friends (Ex. Vernacular Speech)
E. Intimate - language between lovers or other close family or friends.

Spoken Language is a language produced by articulate sounds, an oral

language is a produced with vocal tract. It tends to convey subjective
information.

Written Language
Is a representation of Spoken or gestural by means of a writing
system.
It must be taught to children.

Synthesis

 The kind of register to be us affects the way one speaks and writes.
 Language has formal and informal registers. These registers have
form which define the social situation.
References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using
English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

Uychoco, M. and Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. 1st Ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 10 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Topics:
1. Communication and Globalization
2. Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Setting
3. Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language
4. Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures
5. Coping with the Challenges of Intercultural Communication

Topic IV. EXPLORING TEXTS REFLECTING DIFFERENT CULTURES

Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. recognize the different types of texts being shown in and by
different cultures; and
2. evaluate texts reflecting or depicting cultural differences.

Discussion A “text” isn‘t limited to something written down. A text can be a film,
an artifact, anything in a language and culture that conveys meaning.
Think about the text that you use in your language classroom: what‘s in
the textbook? What do you read in class or even at home? How do you
describe the classroom, its design? Why do you think the chairs are
placed facing the tables? Those questions, with its finite answer would tell
you that there are texts that are reflection of one‘s own culture.
Text can be categorized into the following groups:
 Created texts: Texts authored by non-native speakers for non-
native speakers to achieve pre- determined curricular goals.
 Semi-authentic texts: Texts created by native and/or non-native
speaker, based on original language materials, but adapted to fit
curricular needs.
 Authentic texts: Texts created by native speakers for native
speakers for consumption in a native environment.

Cultural texts are those objects, actions, and behaviors that reveal
cultural meanings. A photo is an image, but is also a cultural text, a
picture with cultural information beyond just the picture itself. Food and
clothing also suggest cultural information, and it doesn‘t stop there. The
entire place and space, all of the people and interaction, all of the rituals
and rules and the various forms in which they manifest themselves, are
readable texts, suitable for observation and analysis by the ethnographer
and writer—namely by you.

The initial description of a cultural text may make it seem as though

everything is a cultural text. While in some sense true, this doesn‘t mean
that every text has particular cultural relevance. Sometimes a book is just
a book; a picture is just a picture. The difference between relevant cultural

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

texts, (one that has one connection with your project) and an irrelevant
cultural text, (one that may have nothing to do with your project), has to
do with the meaning transferred to that text by the people who create
and/or use the text.
Identification of a cultural text is relatively easy. Take a look around the
room or place you are in right now and briefly catalog the people and/or
thing you see. These objects and actions are cultural texts.

HOW TO EVALUATE MESSAGES AND IMAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES

OF TEXT REFLECTING DIFFERENT CULTURE?

The following should do:

 Understand how the specified cultures live.
 How the people in the specified group communicate each other.
 Learn the symbolism of their culture.
 Be aware in every detail such as artifact, language, and symbolism.

Text is not literal text, but in semiotics refers to a combination of

signs, signifies and mechanism like metonymy. A text could be a sentence,
paragraph an image, a story, or a collection of stories.

Collection of signs in a single photograph or painting, a video clip, a

television show, a feature film and whenever these signs come together in
the land of semiotics, they become texts. These texts can be understood,
rearranged and put together in different combinations, with different
meanings to different groups of people. But cultural texts are not one-
dimensional. A text is not simply representative of one culture; it does not
belong to one culture, even if it purposely excludes others semiotically.
Cultural texts are multi-dimensional, they are dynamic.

A cultural text is perhaps better understood as having cultural layers

of understanding where groups different in age, race, nationality,
sexual orientation may read and understand a collection of signs in
different ways. Depending on the producer or the audience, the X`text
itself has a kind of flexibility in meaning to different people when it
starts to operate culturally.

Formal and Informal Language

Formal and Informal language serve different purposes. The tone, the
choice of words and the way the words are put together vary between the
two styles. Formal language is less personal than informal language. It is
used when writing for professional or academic purpose like university

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

assignments. Formal language does not use colloquialisms, contractions

or first person pronouns such as “I” or “We”.

Informal language is more casual and spontaneous. It is used when

communicating with friends or family either in writing or in conversation.
It is used in writing personal emails, text messages and in some business
correspondents. The tone of informal language is more personal than
formal language.

Contractions

Informal: The improvements can‘t be introduced due to funding

restrictions.
Formal: Improvements cannot be introduced due to funding restrictions.

Informal: I don‘t believe that the results are accurate.

Formal: The results are not believed to be accurate.

Informal: The research project won‘t continue next year.

Formal: The research project will not continue next year.

Phrasal Verbs

Informal: The balloon was blown up for the experiment.

Formal: The balloon was inflated for the experiment.

Informal: The patient got over his illness.

Formal: The patient recovered from his illness.

Informal: The results of the study were mixed up.

Formal: The results of the study were confused.

Slang/Colloquialisms

Informal: The mob was very rowdy during the protest against cuts to
university funding.
Formal: The crowd was very rowdy during the protest against the cuts to
university funding.

Informal: Lecturers still count on students to used correct grammars and

punctuations in essays.
Formal: Lecturers expect students to use correct grammars and
punctuations in essays.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Informal: It was raining cats and dogs.

Formal: It was raining very heavily.

First Person Pronouns

Informal: I considered various research methods for the study.

Formal: Various research methods were considered for the study.

Informal: We believe the practice is unsustainable.

Formal: It is believed the practice is unsustainable.

Informal: During the interview I asked students about their experiences.

Formal: During the interview students were asked about their
experiences.

Synthesis
 Metonymy is an extension of the idea of a metaphor in semiotics,
where metonymy covers a diverse set of strategies of association
and meaning transfer between different designs. With a metaphor,
one word stands in for another word “love is battlefield” or “apple of
my eye”.
 Semiotics is the study of making meaning, the connection between
a sign or symbol. What it comes to represent and how it is
understood by different people. How we dress, the music we listen
to, the individual words we use in conversation all convey specific
meaning

References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using

English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

Uychoco, M. and Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. 1st Ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 11 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Topics:
1. Communication and Globalization
2. Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Setting
3. Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language
4. Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures
5. Coping with the Challenges of Intercultural Communication

Topic V. COPING WITH THE CHALLENGES OF INTERCULTURAL

COMMUNICATION
Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. explain how cultural differences affect communication.
2. identify the barriers of Intercultural Communication; and
3. formulate ways or approaches to overcome the challenges of
Intercultural Communication.

Discussion Communicating to the people around us is crucial in our everyday life.

We convey and gather information, thoughts, opinions, as well as ideas
through communication. Communication in other words is the act of
conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use
of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.

Our culture affects the way of our communication, which means that
different culture is equivalent to different communication style. And one‘s
way of communicating may have the same or different interpretation to
the other. This may lead to miscommunication between the participants
involved.

What is Intercultural communication? What are the barriers and

challenges of intercultural communication? How to cope with these
challenges?

Image 3. Source: https://bit.ly/2MQY4d3

Communication is no denying an important part of a person’s life.

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and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

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DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

People communicate with one another to reach their own goals, whether it
is to gather or relay information and ideas, and they tend to communicate
with the various people from different races and culture to reach their
aims.

What is Intercultural Communication?

Intercultural communication (or cross-cultural communication) is a
discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social
groups, or how culture affects communication. It describes the wide range
of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within
an organization or social context made up of individuals from different
religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. In this sense it
seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act,
communicate and perceive the world around them.

Many people in intercultural business communication argue that

culture determines how individuals encode messages, what medium they
choose for transmitting them, and the way messages are interpreted. With
regard to intercultural communication proper, it studies situations where
people from different cultural backgrounds interact. Aside from language,
intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought
patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves
understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people
from other countries.

Intercultural communication plays a role in social sciences

such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and
communication studies. Intercultural communication is also referred to as
the base for international businesses. Several cross-cultural service
providers assist with the development of intercultural communication
skills. Research is a major part of the development of intercultural
communication skills. Intercultural communication is in a way the
'interaction with speakers of other languages on equal terms and
respecting their identities'.

Identity and culture are also studied within the discipline of

communication to analyze how globalization influences ways of thinking,
beliefs, values, and identity, within and between cultural environments.
Intercultural communication scholars approach theory with a dynamic
outlook and do not believe culture can be measured nor that cultures
share universal attributes. Scholars acknowledge that culture and
communication shift along with societal changes and theories should
consider the constant shifting and nuances of the society.
The study of intercultural communication requires intercultural

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and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

understanding, which is an ability to understand and value cultural

differences. Language is an example of an important cultural component
that is linked to intercultural understanding.

Functions of Intercultural Communication:

Private Function - are functions that indicated communication through
the communication behavior originating from an individual.

1. Express Social Identity - in the process of intercultural

communication are some of the communication behavior of
individuals who used to express the behavior of social identity is
expressed through the act of speaking both verbal and non-verbal
of language behavior that is knowable and social identity.

2. Declares The Social Integration - core concept of social integration

is to accept the unity between individuals, between groups but still
recognizes the differences of every element. It should be
understood that one of the goals of communication is to give the
same meaning for the message shared between the communicator
and the communicant.
3. To the Knowledge - often interpersonal and intercultural
communication increase knowledge together, to learn the culture
of each

Social Function- means the relation between social action and the
systems of which the action is a part, alternatively, as the result of social
action.

1. Supervision - practice intercultural communication between

different communicators and communicant culture of mutual
monitoring functions. In any process of intercultural
communication function is useful to inform the "development" of
the environment.

2. Connection Between Culture - in the process of intercultural

communication, the communication function is carried out
between two people of different cultures was a bridge over the
differences between them. The bridging functions can be
controlled via messages they exchanged, the two are explaining
the differences of interpretation on a message that produces the
same meaning.

3. Value Socialization - socialization function is a function to teach

and introduce the cultural values of a society to another society.

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Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

4. Entertainment - entertaining functions are often performed in the

process of intercultural communication. For example, the arrival
of outside artists shows the differences between their cultures so
that people learn the language and follow their style.

Barriers to Intercultural Communication

1. Anxiety - when you are anxious because of not knowing what you
are expected to do, it is only natural to focus on that feeling and
not be totally present in the communication transaction. For
example, you may have experienced anxiety on your very first day
on a new college campus or in a new job. You may be so
conscious of being new— and out of place—and focus so much of
your attention on that feeling that you make common mistakes
and appear awkward to others.

2. Assuming Similarity Instead Of Dissimilarity - when people are

acting in a home manner in the different culture it might cause a
lot of problems. In order to prepare yourself for various
circumstances it is very important to assume laws, habits, and
attitudes of another society.

3. Ethnocentrism – ethnocentrism or negatively judging aspects of

another culture by the standards of one‘s own culture. To be
ethnocentric is to believe in the superiority of one‘s own culture.
Everything in a culture is consistent to that culture and makes
sense if you understood that culture. For example, assume that
global warming is a fact and, as a result, assume that summers in
the United States average 43° C (109° F). It would be logical to
make adjustments: Rather than air condition buildings all day,
you might close schools and businesses in the afternoons to
conserve energy. Such adjustments would make sense. Why then
do some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates
to laziness?

4. Language Problems - according to Jandt (2000) the definition of

language is the set of symbols shared by a community to
communicate meanings and experiences. There are five actual
factors that generally produce the difficulties in the translation.
They are lack of equivalences in vocabulary, idioms, grammar and
syntax, experiences, and concepts. Indonesian students are
having a lot of inconveniences with studying foreign languages for
the reason that in Indonesian language there is no gender rules.
That is very complicated for them to understand why for example

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the French word “une table” is feminine.

5. Nonverbal Misinterpretations - as another barrier to communication, it

can be stated that in a conversation this is more problematical to
understand the nonverbal symbols without sharing the same
nonverbal codes. There are more than a few types of nonverbal
interaction: proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, paralanguage, olfactics,
clothing appearance, haptics, oculesics, etc. All of them are very
different in every culture. As an example, in a society where people
don‘t kiss when they great each other, a kissing person might be
judged as a vulgar and without manners.

6. Stereotypes and Prejudices – both of them are to make a judgment

about individuals according to group membership. Stereotypes are the
perceptions about that certain people have particular qualities or
abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex, or social class.
They can be positive and negative. Usually they are based on half-
truths. Positive examples of stereotyping are: Japanese people are
good in mathematical sciences; French are the gods in the kitchen.
Negative: Russians– Mafia–Vodka–Prostitution –Cold winter; the Arabs
are terrorists. Prejudice can be defined as an unreasonable dislike and
distrust of people who are different from you in some way, especially
because of their race, sex, religion, etc. For instance, talking about
Indian people in Arabic countries, it can be affirmed that Indians do
get less salary than other nationalities. The reason for this is that
Middle Eastern people are sure that the Indian race does not deserve
something more, because it is Indian

Challenges of Intercultural Communication

Any moment that we‘re dealing with people different from ourselves,
the likelihood is that they carry a similar list of hopes and fears in their
back pocket. Culture" is often at the root of communication challenges.
Our culture influences how we approach problems, and how we
participate in groups and in communities. When we participate in groups
we are often surprised at how differently people approach their work
together. Our culture influences how we approach problems, and how we
participate in groups and in communities.

Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences

1. Different Decision Making Styles. The roles individuals play in decision-

making vary widely from culture to culture. For example, in the U.S.,
decisions are frequently delegated. In many Southern European and
Latin American countries, there is a strong value placed on holding

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

decision-making responsibilities oneself. Be aware that individuals'

expectations about their own roles in shaping a decision may be
influenced by their cultural frame.

2. Different Attitudes towards Disclosure. In some cultures it is not

appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a
conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information.
Variation among cultures in attitudes toward disclosure is also
something to consider before you conclude that you have an accurate
reading of the views, experiences, and goals of the people with whom
you are working.

3. Different Approaches to Knowing. Notable differences occur among

cultural groups when it comes to the ways people come to know things.
European cultures tend to consider information acquired through
cognitive means, such as counting and measuring, more valid than
other ways of coming to know things. Compare that to African cultures
preference for affective ways of knowing, including symbolic imagery
and rhythm. These different approaches to knowing could affect ways
of analyzing a community problem or finding ways to resolve it. Some
members of your group may want to do library research to understand
a shared problem better and identify possible solutions. Others may
prefer to visit places and people who have experienced challenges like
the ones you are facing, and get a feeling for what has worked
elsewhere. These are ways in which cultures, as a whole, tend to vary
from one another.

4. Different Communication Styles. The way people communicate varies

widely between, and even within, cultures. Across cultures, some
words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in
countries that share the English language, the meaning of "yes" varies
from "maybe, I'll consider it" to "definitely so," with many shades in
between.

5. Different Attitudes toward Conflict. Some cultures view conflict as a

positive thing, while others view it as something to be avoided in many
Eastern countries, open conflict is experienced as embarrassing or
demeaning; as a rule, differences are best worked out quietly.

6. Different Approaches toward Completing Tasks. From culture to

culture, there are different ways that people move toward completing
tasks. Asian and Hispanic cultures tend to attach more value to
developing relationships at the beginning of a shared project and more
emphasis on task completion toward the end as compared with

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

European-Americans. European-Americans tend to focus immediately

on the task at hand, and let relationships develop as they work on the
task. This does not mean that people from any one of these cultural
backgrounds are more or less committed to accomplishing the task, or
value relationships more or less; it means they may pursue them
differently.

Respecting Our Differences and Working Together

An appreciation of patterns of cultural difference can assist us in
processing what it means to be different in ways that are respectful of
others, not faultfinding or damaging. We can learn to collaborate across
cultural lines as individuals and as a society. Being aware of cultural
differences doesn’t have to divide us but should instead help us
communicate with each other more effectively. Communicating with
people who are different from us, gives us hope and energizes us to take
on the challenge of improving our communities and world as a whole.

Guidelines for Multi-Cultural Collaboration

As we set to work on multicultural collaboration in our communities,
we should keep the following guidelines in mind:
• Learn from generalizations about other cultures, but don't use those
generalizations to stereotype, or oversimplify your ideas about
another person.
• Don’t assume that there’s only one write way (yours) to communicate.
• Listen actively and empathetically.
• Respect other’s choices about whether they would like to engage in
communication with you.
• Suspend judgment and try and look at the situation as an outsider.
• Develop an understanding from the other person’s point of view.
• Be aware of current power imbalances

Synthesis

 Intercultural communication (or cross-cultural communication) - is a

discipline that studies communication across different cultures and
social groups, or how culture affects communication.

 There are two functions of intercultural communication: private

functions (express social identity, the social integration, and to the
knowledge) and social functions (Supervision, Connection between
Culture, Value Socialization, and Entertainment).

Barriers to Intercultural Communication

1. Anxiety - when you are anxious because of not knowing what you

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

are expected to do, it is only natural to focus on that feeling and not
be totally present in the communication transaction.
2. Assuming Similarity Instead Of Dissimilarity - when people are acting
in a home manner in the different culture it might cause a lot of
problems
3. Ethnocentrism – ethnocentrism or negatively judging aspects of
another culture by the standards of one‘s own culture.
4. Language Problems - according to Jandt (2000) the definition of
language is the set of symbols shared by a community to
communicate meanings and experiences.
5. Nonverbal Misinterpretations - as another barrier to communication,
it can be stated that in a conversation this is more problematical to
understand the nonverbal symbols without sharing the same
nonverbal codes.
6. Stereotypes and Prejudices – both are to make a judgment about
individuals according to group membership.
 Stereotypes are the perceptions about that certain people have
particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular
race, sex, or social class.
 Prejudice can be defined as an unreasonable dislike and distrust of
people who are different from you in some way, especially because
of their race, sex, religion, etc.

Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences:

• Different Decision-Making Styles. The roles individuals play in
decision-making vary widely from culture to culture.
• Different Attitudes towards Disclosure. In some cultures, it is not
appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a
conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information.
• Different Approaches to Knowing. Notable differences occur among
cultural groups when it comes to the ways people come to know
things.
• Different Communication Styles. The way people communicate varies
widely between, and even within, cultures. Across cultures, some
words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in
countries that share the English language, the meaning of "yes"
varies from "maybe, I'll consider it" to "definitely so," with many
shades in between.
• Different Attitudes toward Conflict. Some cultures view conflict as a
positive thing, while others view it as something to be avoided.
• Different Approaches toward Completing Tasks. From culture to
culture, there are different ways that people move toward
completing tasks

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using

English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

Uychoco, M. and Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. 1st Ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 12 THE DOCUMENTED ESSAY ON A CONCEPT

Topics:
1. Academic research and the documented essay in the twenty-first
century
2. Critical thinking, collaboration, and the writing process
3. Concepts of social and cultural significance
Topic I. ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND THE DOCUMENTED ESSAY IN THE
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. differentiate research-based argumentative essay from the
explanation essay and blog;
2. exhibit appreciation and understanding of the benefits in doing a
research; and
3. demonstrate the ability to transfer research into sound arguments.

Discussion Some of the advancements in science and technology are not be

possible without research. Research is substantial to learn and discover
things that can help in our society.

Michael Faraday was an English scientist who contributed to the

study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries
include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction,
diamagnetism, and electrolysis. Without his research, that study of power
generation and power transmission would be impossible and the world we
live in vastly different. However, research is not just for scientists. We as
students also have the ability to conduct research.
Explanation Blog Research-
Essay based
Argumentativ
e Essay
What is it? An essay answer th A personal journal or diary An essay that
that s e entry that is posted on online. presents a writer‘s
question position with
―why. support from
research studies.
What is the To inform readers about Any of the following: To persuade readers
purpose of the why something happens. To entertain to accept the
writing project? writer‘s position.
To instruct
To inform

To persuade

Does it acquir Research may be used Research may be used but is Research must be
research e but is not required. not required. used to support the

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and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
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 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
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Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

? writer‘s claim or
position.
Table 2. As shown in the table above, research based argumentative
essay is different from other writings.

CREATING THE RESEARCH QUESTION

This writing is argumentative. It is also called academic research and
the documented essay. You must present a clear stand on a particular
issue that has at least two different or opposing sides. An example of an
issue is legalizing same sex marriage in the Philippines. In this issue, one
position is in favor passing of a law allowing same sex marriage; another
position rejects the passing of such law.

If you have an issue, read it. If these issue interests you, pick this as
your topic for the essay then create a research question similar to the
example that follow.
Why should same sex marriage be legalized in the Philippines?

FINDING THE ANSWERS TO THE RESEARCH QUESTION

You have to submit first the research question to your teacher. If it
was approved, begin the steps for finding answers to your question. You
have to write the bibliography of all your sources with the brief description
of the content of each research. Your source must be legally published
and recognized. The following are not usually considered:
 Any holy book (i.e., Bible)
 Any work of literature (e.g., novels, short stories, plays, poems)
 The dictionary
 Personal blogs or journal, diary entries
 Wikipedia

DOING RESEARCH
If your research question was approved and provided with
bibliography, you may start to conduct or research must read each of the
sources, you identified and take notes. If you can ‘t find the relevant
answer from the sources you gathered, you have to find another sources.
The three types of notes are paraphrases, summaries, and direct
quotations. Paraphrasing is done when you use your own word in taking
down notes. Summarizing is used to shorten the information provided too.
Direct quotations are used when you want to copy the exact information
presented but make sure to cite the source.

PREPARING TO WRITE THE PAPER

In pre-writing stage, you should create a thesis statement for your

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and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
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“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

essay. The thesis statement is the main point of your research. Your
thesis statement must present a strong position with convincing evidence
and suggest a good structure of ideas for organizing an essay. Consider
the thesis statement below:

Despite the growing number of LGBT community in the country, same sex
marriage should not be legalized in the Philippines.

The characteristic of the thesis statement above clearly argues that a

same sex marriage law in the Philippines is not desirable. Next, the word
despite can be predicted that the writer will present contrasting scenarios
for a country with same sex marriage law and a country without it.

THE OUTLINE
After having done research about your main point, choose one side
that you agree with. This side is your position or argument. Do the same
for the other side, which is the opposing position. List all the factual
support you have gathered for the both sides. When these are complete,
you are ready to write an outline of your essay. It is a particular kind of
written plan for your essay. If you have the outline, then half the work of
writing is done.

Your outline must contain all the main points that follow:
 Your thesis statements
 Your argument and specific support for this argument
 The opposing argument and specific support for this argument
 A list of sources for all the support
============================================================

SYNTHESIS
 Research is an important component in the production of an
argumentative or documented essay.
 Writing the argumentative essay requires pre-writing activities that
help sharpen the focus of your writing.
 Intellectual honesty should be observed in writing.
References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using
English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

Uychoco, M. and Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. 1st Ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 13 THE DOCUMENTED ESSAY ON A CONCEPT

Topics:
1. Academic research and the documented essay in the twenty-first
century
2. Critical thinking, collaboration, and the writing process
3. Concepts of social and cultural significance
Topic II. CRITICAL THINKING, COLLABORATION, AND THE WRITING
PROCESS
Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. explain and exhibit the characteristics of a critical thinker;
2. demonstrate actions and gestures which exhibit developing
critical thinking skills; and
3. apply critical thinking concept in writing a documented essay.

Discussion

Image 4. Source: https://bit.ly/2WeaK0m

INTRODUCTION

The ability of every decision maker to make good decisions relies

upon their ability to think critically. Critical thinking enables you to make
the argument more interesting. Critical thinkers are more effective when
they have the following:
 Creating important questions precisely
 Gathers relevant information
 Open-minded within alternative systems of thought
 Communicates effecting with others

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze, criticize, and advocate ideas.

To reach factual reasons based on sound of knowledge or belief.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

HOW TO DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Now that you have understood what critical thinking is, let us now try
to develop it. First, you must become a self-critic of your own thoughts
and actions. You can criticize your own thoughts by asking yourself why
you believe in something. By answering this question, you are able to
observe how to respond to a situation in your mind. Second is, you need
to be able to listen or recognize other people‘s ideas. You must hear
someone else‘s story, struggles, success, and passion. Third is, when you
hear it you can take that information and analyze it. Fourth is,
communicate with courtesy and in a productive way. Fifth is, you must
develop a foresight. Predict the future impact of your own decisions.

APPLYING CRITCIAL THINKING IN A DOCUMENTED ESSAY

When you make a research question, you must criticize why you
formed that question. When you do research, analyze the ideas and
information of your sources.
============================================================

SYNTHESIS
 Critical thinking is an important component in the production of
an argumentative or documented essay.
 The ability of every decision maker to make good decisions relies
upon their ability to think critically.
 Self-critic is you criticize your own thoughts by asking yourself why
you believe in something

References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using

English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

Uychoco, M. and Santos, M. (2018). Communication for Society: Purposive

communication. 1st Ed. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Module 14 THE DOCUMENTED ESSAY ON A CONCEPT

Topics:
1. Academic research and the documented essay in the twenty-first
century
2. Critical thinking, collaboration, and the writing process
3. Concepts of social and cultural significance
Topic II. CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Competencies During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. explain the significance of cultural and social concepts; and
2. apply social and cultural significance concept in writing a
documented essay.

Discussion At the 20th century, a clear distinction was maintained in most social
and cultural literature between attitudes, behavior, and between ways and
intensity. The concept of social and cultural significance is when people
spend time conveying information to each other about their beliefs and the
way they think and behave. In other words, it is the interaction of two
people coming from different cultures which deals with the exchange of
information.

APPLYING THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

IN WRITING A DOCUMENTED ESSAY
In making a research, it is best to consider issues that are relevant in
the society. It becomes more interesting when your argumentative or
documented essay is related to the latest phenomena because it catch
more attention if it is timely and relevant. Information is critical if we
pertain to a documented essay wherein data is strictly necessary to be
able to satisfy or complete the whole thought of the narrative. As a writer,
you should be mindful with your audience/readers in a sense that you
take into consideration the concept of social and cultural significance.

SYNTHESIS
 The concept of social and cultural significance is an important
component in the production of an argumentative or documented
essay.
 When you make research, it is better to consider the issues
involved about the benefits in a particular society
References Mudrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive communication: Using
English in multilingual contexts. Manila: E & E Publishing, Inc.

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The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

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VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”