API 653 March Exam 2022

1. Intervals of inspection (CB-653) –(‫)مسائل واسئله‬

2. These assessments may establish an initial inspection interval exceeding 10 years but
shall not exceed 20 years for tanks without a Release Prevention Barrier, or 30 years for
tanks with a Release Prevention Barrier

3. When using the corrosion rate procedures of 6.4.2.2.1 the maximum subsequent internal
inspection interval shall be 20 years for tanks without a Release Prevention Barrier, or
30 years for tanks with a Release Prevention Barrier.

4. An RPB includes steel bottoms, synthetic materials, clay liners, concrete pads, and all
other barriers or combinations of barriers placed in the bottom of or under a tank, which
have the function of: 1) preventing the escape of released material, and 2) containing or
channeling released material for leak detection. .653-4.3.5

5. The RBI assessment shall be performed by a team including inspection and engineering
expertise knowledgeable in the proper application of API RP 580 principles, tank design,
construction, and modes of deterioration. The RBI assessment shall be reviewed and
approved by a team as above at intervals not to exceed 10 years or more often if
warranted by process, equipment, or consequence changes.

6. Corrosion rates from low inspection effectiveness such as spot UT shall not be used in
the RBI process.

7. Safety procedures must comply with any federal or state safety regulations pertaining to
“confined spaces” or any other relevant provisions

8. Repair is Work necessary to maintain or restore a tank to a condition suitable for safe
operation.
9. Given thickness measurements reading over roof of tank ( 9 points reading ) in area
100’’ and ask about evaluation ….(need repair – don’t need repair)
10. Another question about roof evaluation given thickness measurements (corrosion area)
and holes in floating roof … (replacement - install patch –not require repair-…_
11. SHELL LAP PATCH SEC 9.3

12. new bottom may be installed through an existing tombstone reinforcing plate 653-
9.10.4

13. FLAME ARRESTOR CAN FAIL TO OPERATE due to : API 575

14. the authorized inspector shall visually or otherwise decide which vertical plane(s) in the
area is likely to be the most affected by corrosion. Profile measurements shall be taken
along each vertical plane for a distance, L. In the plane(s), determine the lowest average
thickness, t1, averaged over a length of L, using at least five equally spaced
measurements over length L

15. MRT = (Minimum of RTbc or RTip) – Or (StPr + UPr) 4 question closed book

16. Tmin = 2.6 (H-1)DG/S.E & 2.6 (H)DG/S.E

17. Ht=ST *E*T/2.6 D ‫مسأله‬

18. , the pad shall be pneumatically 15PSI tested by the procedure described in API 650,
Section 7.3.5. After the valve has been installed on the flange, pressure test at least 1.5
times the hydrostatic head shall be performed on the nozzle prior to mounting the hot

19. if an integral reinforcement design is used with a thickened insert plate, the thickened
insert plate at its periphery shall have a 1:4 reduction taper to match the nominal
thickness of the adjoining shell material

20. Tank shells may be altered by adding new plate material to increase the height of the
tank shell. The modified shell height shall be in accordance with the requirements of the
current applicable standard and shall take into consideration all anticipated loadings
such as wind and seismic.

21. NEW NAME PLATE –‫………امتي نحط‬..

22. GIVEN : THICKNESS OF 1 ST
COURSE AND ASK ABOUT THICKNESS OF ANNULAR PLATE
REQUST?? AND YOU WILL USE THE Stresses are calculated from [2.34D (H – 1)]/t

23. Inspection shall verify that as the lining is applied, wet film thickness measurements are
being made in accordance with ASTM D4414 OPEN

24. , dry film thickness measurements should be made in accordance with the specified
method to determine dry film thickness or SSPC PA 2, OPEN

25. THIN LINE WITH LOW VOLTAGE WET SPONGE .HIGH LINE WITH .HIGH VOLTAGE…… API
652

26. Light meters shall be calibrated at least once a year or whenever a meter has been
repaired. OPEN BOOK

27. What Source side hole IQI designation would be required, using Gamma‐ray 
radiography, for examination of a weld repair in AST that is .5” thick?? OPEN BOOK
28. Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 10 lb
(4.5 kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be used. (c) Each direct current or
permanent magnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 40 lb (18 kg) at the
maximum pole spacing that will be used

29. UT CAILBRATION……Calibration system checks should be performed prior to and at the

completion of an examination. API 577

30. LIMITION OF GMAW …API 577 CLOSED BOOK

31. SMAW 5.2.1 API 577 OPEN BOOK
32. The primary purpose for preheating carbon and low-alloy steels is to reduce he tendency
for hydrogen induced delayed cracking. It does this by slowing the cooling rate, which
helps prevent the formation of martensite in the weld and base metal HAZ. However,
preheating may be performed for many reasons, including the following. API 577

33. STEP WEDGE….

34. Corrosion rates increase with temperature up to about 250 °F (120 °C). Above 250 °F
(120 °C), surfaces are usually too dry for corrosion to occur except under insulation. (See
3.22.)

35. MIC….The bacteria produce localized corrosion in the form of pitting or crevice corrosion.
36. ADVANTAGE OF GALVANIC SYSTEM ……DON’T REQUIRE POWER SUPPLY…. CLOSED BOOK
API 651

37. ISOTHERMAL LINE FOR LOWEST ONE DAY TEMP FOR LOS ANGLOS 35F API 650

38. 2” IN 8’’ LINE

39. The treatment of bottom pitting by the use of non-welded repairs (e.g. coatings,
caulking) can not be used to increase RTip for calculating MRT API 653 4.4.5.6

40. SWING LINE 65…..Limiting bracket. API 653 ANNEX C

41. Which of this statement is most accurate for repair floating roof : a) 650 annex H B)
any way accepted for owner c) restore original condition

42. Depression 15 feet circumference and 6 feet radial calculate

max height of depression?
43. Figure B.11 Edge settlement ‫مسأله‬
44. Uniform settlement

45. Which of settlement affect in sump – piping –floating roof

46. Out-of-plane settlement that does not meet these limitations should be further
examined by a more rigorous engineering assessment to determine the need for repairs

47. qualification test will be performed on a sample tank bottom with designed flaws. The
sample tank bottom should be a minimum of 70 ft2 to provide space for the designed
flaws ….api 653 annex g

48. Specific agreements and requirements for qualification of tank bottom examination
procedures and tank bottom examiners should be established between the
owner/operator and the authorized inspection agency. api 653 annex g

49. the authorized inspection agency is responsible for training each scanning operator they
employ. Each scanning operator should receive a minimum of 40 hours of training api
653 annex g

50. Qualification test The demonstration test that is used to prove that a procedure or
examiner can successfully find and prove-up tank bottom metal loss. api 653 annex g
51. TABLE G.5.2.2&TABLE G5.2.3 ANNEX G API 653

52. examiners Scanning operators and NDE technicians who prove-up bottom indications
53. venting ….API 2000
54. MAX Pressure for API 620…..15PSI
55. FIG 6-1 API 650 ..GIVEN D AND T NEED FOR shipping OR NOT

56. —If a tank shell thickness is no greater than 0.5 in., the risk of failure due to brittle
fracture is minim

57. No known tank failures due to brittle fracture have occurred at shell metal temperatures
of 60 °F or above.

58. experience shows that once a tank has demonstrated the ability to withstand the
combined effects of maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and lowest operating
temperature without failing, the risk of failure due to brittle fracture with continued
service is minimal

59. Flange material shall meet the minimum requirements of the material specifications in
the as-built standard----------------Fasteners shall meet the material specifications of the
current applicable standard
60. SHELL PATCH cross any butt-welded vertical or horizontal shell seams that have been
ground flush, but must overlap a minimum of 6 in.

61. O2=20.9% safe percentage for confined space

62. When the direction of rolling is not definitely known, two tension specimens shall be
taken at right angles to each other from a corner of each plate, and one of those test
specimens must meet the specification requirements.

63. HYDRO TEST EXEMPTION

64. The minimum height of tank liquid above the hot tap location shall be at least 3 ft during
the hot tapping operation

65. Shell plate thickness measurements shall be taken at a minimum of four places along the
circumference of the proposed nozzle location. HOT TAP

66. For square and rectangular replacement plates, at least one radiograph shall be taken in
a vertical joint, and at least one in a horizontal joint, and one in each corner

67. ANNEX H 653 ….STICK HEAVY OIL

68. Corrosion Allowance, Bottom/Shell: If the criteria for the control tank and candidate tank
do not match, the difference in corrosion allowance should be accounted for in the
remaining life and inspection interval calculations to consider both tanks in similar
service….annex H API653

69. GREATER OF R OR H …for door sheet installed between 1st course which thickness 1.1’’

and second course 1’’

70. installing a shell penetration larger than NPS 12 beneath the design liquid level – major
or not

71. installing a shell penetration NPS 12 at bottom shell course and ask about need hydro
test – not need hyadro test – need if it work down 60f - need if shell course > .5’’

72. NDT will apply over replacement plate of roof

73. weld new shell plate with old one NDT WILL APPLY VT&RT
74. if repair was carried out over shell vertical weld for 12 ‘’ RTt will apply ( 12’’-14’’-16’’-
24’’)
75. when RT will carried out over welds tank: (when tank complete construction –as soon as
possible – owner -……..)

76. Discontinuity in welding … API 577

77. Marine environments can be very corrosive (about 20 mpy)
78. Brittle fracture the size, shape, and stress concentration effect of the flaw …api 571
79. Figure 3-62-1—Sulfuric acid corrosion rate chart for carbon steel .80% & 125 f ….api 571

80. CI SCC, NI alloys above 45 % are nearly immune in refining applications, but cracking can
still occur in severe conditions

81. maxiumm plate thickness for welded-on patch plates within the critical zone is 1/4-in
82. Roof plates shall have a nominal thickness of not less than 5 mm (3/16 in.)
83. 653-annex G.5.2.2& who proves up the indicatio5.2.3
84. TANK COUSTRATED ACCORDING API 650 1985..dissmenteled and relocate and change
service from hydrocarbons to water D&H GIVEN &ASTM 285 ask about allowable stress

85. Prior to welding new vertical joints, cut existing horizontal weld for a minimum of 12 in.
beyond the new vertical joints. Weld the horizontal joint last.
86. 3’’ or 5t ….note 3 fig 9-1 API 653 – SEC 9 ‫بطريقه غير مباشره‬
87. Which of these not in U.T procedure ….api 577

88. INSTALL 18’’ ABOVE THE LIQUD level …..ALTERATION

89. If the roof rim thickness is less than 0.10-in. thick, it shall be replaced. The new roof rim
shall be 3/16-in. thickness, minimum

90. The maximum height of tank liquid above the hot tap location during the hot tapping
operation shall be such that the hydrostatic tank shell stress is less than 7,000 lbf/in.2 at
the elevation of the hot tap

91. Completed welds attaching nozzle neck to shell, and reinforcing plate to shell and to
nozzle neck, shall be examined by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods

92. Completed welds of stress-relieved assemblies shall be examined by the magnetic

particle or liquid penetrant methods after stress relief, but before hydrostatic testing. .

93. MAJOR REPAIR……JACKING

94. FERINGIBLE ROOF SLOPE 2:12
95. Hydrostatic Testing Exemptions The repair has been reviewed and approved by an
engineer experienced in storage tank design in accordance with API 650. The engineer
must concur in writing with taking the hydrostatic testing exemption. b) The tank
owner/operator has authorized the exemption in writing

96. ASME IX … 3 question given PQR AND WPS

97. The minimum height of tank liquid above the hot tap location shall be at least 3 ft during
the hot tapping operation.

98. TABLE 10.1 Maximum Thicknesses on New Welds API 653

99. The welder or welding operator’s identification mark shall be hand- or machine-stamped
adjacent to and at intervals not exceeding 3 ft along the completed welds

100. The decisions governing the need for cathodic protection should be based on data
from inspections performed in accordance with API 653, corrosion surveys; operating
records; prior test results with similar tank systems in similar environments; national,
state, and local code requirements; and the recommendations made within this
document ….API651

101. stray currents are direct currents. These currents are generated from grounded DC
electric power systems including electric railroads, subways, welding machines,
impressed current cathodic protection systems, and thermoelectric generators. API 651

102. Failures have occurred in improperly heat-traced piping or equipment as well as

heating coils and other heat transfer equipment. CAUSTIC CORROSION CRACK …API 571

103. Inorganic zinc (IOZ), also known as zinc silicate, is a type of coating that can be used as
a tank lining for ethanol and methanol storage. IOZ is different from organic coatings in
many respects. IOZ is typically applied at 3 mils to 5 mils (76 µm to 127 µm)

104. API 652 6.6.2 TEMPARTURE

105. All lining inspectors should be either NACE or SSPC certified or should have
demonstrated a thorough knowledge of coating and lining practices, procedures,
inspections, testing and documentation.

106. The corrosion rate of steel may double with every 18 °F (10 °C) increase in
temperature above 77 °F (25 °C) API 651

107. API 575 ….. Flame arrestors should be opened at appropriate intervals,

108. API 575…. Types of Atmospheric Storage Tank Roofs

109. Use of Low-pressure Storage Tanks & ATMOSPHERIC TANKS …API575

110. An assessment shall be made to determine if the change in service places the tank at
greater risk of failure due to brittle fracture. The service can be considered more severe
and create a greater risk of brittle fracture if the service temperature is reduced (e.g.
changing from heated oil service to ambient temperature product), or the product is
changed to one with a greater specific gravity and thus increased stresses API 653 5.3.12

111. Calcining (loss of water of hydration) can occur when concrete has been exposed to
sufficiently high temperature for a period of time. During intermediate cooling periods,
the concrete can absorb moisture, swell, lose its strength, and crack. API 653

112. WATER FILLING RATE TABLE 7.3.7,6 FOR HYADRO TEST API 650

113. ROOF NDT , the roof of a tank not designed to be gas-tight, such as a tank with
peripheral circulation vents or a tank with free or open vents, shall receive only visual
examination

114. Measurements TOLERANCE shall be taken prior to the hydrostatic water test.

115. BACKHING DEFINATION

116. API 650 THERMAL STREES RELIVE 5.7.4.8 TABLE

117. API 650 ..SEC6…6.2.4.b

118. Permanent attachments may be welded directly to the shell with fillet welds having a
maximum leg dimension of 13 mm (1/2 in.). The edge of any permanent attachment
welds shall be at least 75 mm (3 in.) from the horizontal joints of the shell and at least
150 mm (6 in.) from the vertical joints,…API650

119. API 650 7.2.3,6

120. API 650 5.7.4.3

121. The maximum liquid level for hydrostatic test shall be determined by using the actual
thickness measured for each shell course, the allowable stress for the material in each
course, and the design method to be used. The allowable stress for the material shall be
determined using API 650, Table 5.2a or Table 5.2b. For material not listed in Table 5.2a
or Table 5.2b, an allowable stress value of the lesser of 3/4 yield strength or 3/7 tensile
strength shall be used ‫جت في مسأله‬
122. The high roof position shall provide a 2-m (78-in.) minimum clearance throughout the
bottom between the roof and the tank bottom unless specified otherwise on the data
sheet,

123. Joint efficiency DUPLEX TANK to be used for evaluation shall be taken from API 650,
Table X.3, rather than from Table 4.2. When the radiography schedule applied to the
existing weld is unknown, a joint efficiency of 0.7 shall be used ….CLOSED BOOK