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CLASS 5 DAR UL MADINA BHS STC ICT

Unit 1. Computer Generations

Task 1. The First Computers

Q1. What are primitive computers?

Ans. Devices that are used before computers to do calculations and communications are called as
primitive calculators. E.g. Abacus (2200) and Antikythera (used for astronomical measurements).

Q2. What is Pascaline calculator?

Ans. It is a mechanical calculator in 1642, to use this calculator, the user dialed in numbers on the
wheels using a pointed tool. E.g. to add numbers, dialed moved in the right direction.

Q3. What do you know about Charles Babbage engine?

Ans. It was the first automatic calculating device which using gears. It contained 2000 handmade brass
parts and weighed over 3 tons. Made in 1832.

Q4. What are Vacuum tubes?

Ans. A vacuum tube looks like a little lamp. It operated as a switch that opened and closed continuously
to process the information. They were used for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.

Q5. What do you know about first generations computers?

Ans. Vacuum tubes were used for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They were huge in size
because of several thousand tubes. They were unreliable couldn’t operate fast and broke down
frequently. They were expensive and unreliable. E.g. ENIAC UNIVAC.

Q6. What was the important step in the development of the computers?
Ans. The important step in the development of the computers was the use of electricity.

Q7. What was used for circuitry and memory in first generation computers?
Ans. Vacuum tubes were used for circuitry and magnetic drums were used for memory in first
generation computers.

Q8.What was the name of the first computer sold commercially?

Ans. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to the business client the US Census
bureau in 1951.

Q9.Explain the features of first generation computers.

Ans. The first electronic computer did not simply make numerical calculations, as most of the earlier
machines, but processed data to produce useful information. For the first time people built a machine
which tried to imitate brain function.

Q10. Name some examples of first generation computers.

Ans. ENIAC,EDVAC, UNIVAC are some examples of first generation computers.

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Unit 1: Computer generations

Task 2: Transistors and Circuits & Integrated Circuits

Q1. What are transistors?

Ans. Transistors are small electronic switches with low cost and long life. They were invented in 1947.
Transistors replaced Vacuum tubes, increasing reliability of computers. And also increased the speed of
the computers.

Q2. What are integrated circuits?

Ans. Integrated circuit are many transistors connected together, it is a single silicon chip having millions
of transistors.it hugely increased the speed and efficiency of the computers.

Q3.What is IBM System/360?

Ans. This was a line of five computers which were compatible with one another. The IBM System/360
was also the first which had “operating system”.

Q4. Define the unique feature of the first minicomputer?

Ans. In the first minicomputer many users were able to simultaneously use the same computer.

Q5. Explain the printed circuit boards?

Ans. It was used to provide pathways between the parts of a computer system. In this method of
construction, all the components are attached to a thin Bakelite or fiberglass board.

Q6. Name the first computer of the second generation computers.

Ans. IBM( international business machine) developed the IBM 1401, one of the first computer of the
second generation computers.

Q8. what was PDP-8 computers?

Ans. It was first computer produced in large quantity, could be used by many users simultaneously. And
in this computer entire central processor was contained on one 15-inch circuit board.

 Exercise page 13
1. False
2.True
3.False
4. True
5. True

Task 3. The use of Microprocessors

Q1. Explain Microprocessor.

Ans. Microprocessor was invented in 4th generation computers; it was most complex part of computer
and was a single integrated circuit that contains millions of transistors connected together.

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Q2. Explain VLSI.

Ans. VLSI (very large scale integration) circuits had many transistors allows manufacturers to create a
computer with just few ready made parts.

Q3.What is meant by GUI and CLI?

Ans. GUI: Graphical User Interface
CLI: Command Line Interface

 Exercise page 15
1.True
2.False
3. False
4. True
5. False

Task 4. Artificial Intelligence

Q1. Why were robotics developed?

Ans. Robotics developed in order to build machines that can “think” or resembles humans. They are the
examples of fifth generation computer.

Q2. Why were computers built?

Ans. Computers were built to recognize human voice and convert it to text. They also used cameras to
detect and recognize objects.

Q3. What does “anthropomorphic” means?

Ans. It means “with human characteristics”.

Q4. Write about ASIMO robot.

Ans. The “ASIMO” humanoid robot was built by the company “Honda” in 2000. It was an attempt to
combine artificial intelligence and robotics.

Q5. What was the basic aim of fifth generation computers?

Ans. The aim was to develop computers those will not be based on transistors but on other physics
principles, such as quantum mechanics (quantum computer) or biological principles (DNA computer).

Computer First 1946 Second 1956 Third 1964 Fourth 1971 Fifth 1990
Generations

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Technology Vacuum Tubes Transistors Integrated Micro Physics or

Component on circuits processor Biological
which the main Principles
function is
based
Power High power 50-100 times 10 times more Very low Low
Consumption consumption less than first power than power
In comparison generation modern consumption
with today computers
computers

Reliability Very low Medium Medium High High

Note
1=low
2=medium
3=high
Size Up to 100m Less than 10 Few meters Less than Very small
In meters meters meter

Cost Very Very Almost $1000 High

high($500,000) high($500,000) $10,000

Speed Very low 20-100 1 Million 1 Billion 1 Billion+

Number of (some thousands instructions instructions instructions
instructions thousands commands per per second per second per second
per second commands per second
second)

Unit 2. Processing and Storage

Task 1. Basic Computer Operations

Q1. What is information?

Ans. The processed data which is converted to understandable knowledge, is called information.

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Q2.What is Computer?
Ans. A computer is an electronic device that can process, store and retrieve information with great
accuracy and aped, according to the commands (instructions) that people give through a program.

Q3. What are Basic computer Operations?

Ans.

 Data input: with the term data we mean unprocessed information.

 Data Processing: the is based on instructions contained in the programs.
 Storage of data and information for later processing.
 Output of information

Q4. Draw a diagram of basic computer operations

Input Processing Output

Storage

Q5. Write the names of 3 programs and their uses

Ans.

Program Use
Paint Drawing
MS word Creating document
Power Point Presentation

Q6. Write the examples of

Input Key board

Process Micro processor
Output Monitor
Storage Hard disk
Program MS word

Task 2. Processing

Q1. What is a program?

Ans. The term program means series of instructions given to the computer to perform a particular task.

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Q2. What do you mean by processing

Ans. It is responsible for converting data into information. It executes the program.

Q3. Write the role and parts of CPU?

Ans. CPU determines how other associated material should be organized. It also defines the architecture
of computer.
Parts of CPU
> The ALU (Arithmetic and logical unit), which does all the calculations and logical operations.
> The CU (Control Unit), which controls and decodes the data from the memory to the CPU.
> The registry which is a small amount of storage available as part of the processor.

Q4. What is the purpose of

Input devices: It moves data from outside world to the computer.
Main memory: The main memory holds both data and instructions.
Output Devices: It shows result from computer to the outside world.
Bus: All components are connected to one another by a collection of wires called a bus through which
data travels within the computer.

 Exercise page 25
1. False
2.True
3.False
4.False
5.False

Task 3. Main memory

Q1. What is memory?

Ans. Storage is the memory in computer that stores data. E.g. ROM and RAM.
There are two types of storage, Primary Storage and Secondary Storage

Q2. What is RAM memory?

Ans. The main memory of the computer is called RAM (Random Access Memory), it is temporary storage
and It consists of several integrated circuits which are connected to the CPU. It is used for the quick
storage of information during the execution of a program.

Q3. What is ROM memory?

Ans. ROM(Read Only Memory) is permanent storage data keeps safe is computer event if the power is
off. Content is stored when it is manufactured and cannot be lost or changed. It is also the main memory
of computer.

 Exercise page 27
1. For RAM answer the following questions.
a. It is used for quick storage of information for execution.

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b. Its capacity is more than a GB.

c. RAM speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz), millions of cycles per second. 1333
MHz to 2133 GHz.
d. When the power is interrupted whole data will be lost
2. For Read Only Memory(ROM)
a. It is used for booting process.
b. Its capacity is about 4MB.
c. Data is not lost even the power is interrupted.

Task 4. Secondary Storage

Q1. What is Secondary Storage?

Ans. It helps to store data not only on our computer, but on external devices in order to move it to other
computers. E.g. Hard drives (internal or external) USB, optical disk CD, DVD. Units of storage are Byte,
kilobyte (KB), Megabyte (MB), Gigabyte (GB), Terabyte (TB). And the smallest memory unit is called Bit.

Q2. Define Hard Disk Drive (HDD).

Ans. It is the main storage device of computer. It can hold up to terabytes millions of documents can be
stored. These are very fast at transferring data. There are two types of HDD, Internal and External.
Internal are inside computer and external are portable devices.

Q3. What is HDD?

Ans. HDD stands for Hard Disk Drive, it can hold up to terabytes of data. There are two types of HDD,
Internal Hard Disk Drive and External Hard Disk Drive.

Q4. What is DVD-RW, CD-RW, BD?

Ans. DVD stands for digital versatile disk. Both sides of the disk can be used to store data and it can hold
data about 4.7 GB and 17 GB for two sided dual layer disk.
CD stands for Compact Disk and hold up to 700MB of data.
BD : Blu-Ray Disk is evolution of DVD and can hold up 50GB of data.

Q5. What are Internal storage Devices and External Storage Devices?
Ans. Internal Storage Devices includes Ram, Rom, HDD, Registers Whereas External Storage devices
includes DVD, CD,BD , Memory Cards Flash Drives.

Q6.Explain Flash Memory?

Ans. Flash Memory is a variant of ROM, it allows a procedure for deleting and rewriting Content.

Unit 3: Designing a Document

Task 1: Presentation Graphics

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Q1. What is SmartArt?

Ans. To show the information in a visual way, we use Shapes or other Graphics. In Microsoft Excel these
are known as SmartArt. Every SmartArt has its own purpose. we use it according to our requirement.

Q2. Can we edit Shapes and Smart Art?

Yes, We can edit Shapes and SmartArt , we can change color and design of these graphics. We can also
create SmartArt using shapes. We can write text in shapes and SmartArt.

----------------------End Unit 3. Memorize steps from the book--------------------------

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