LEA 2 Midterm Coverage

=========================5th week===========================

Protective Cabinets

1. Safe – metallic container used for the safekeeping of documents or small items in an
office or installation.

It can be classified as both robbery and burglary resistance depending upon the
use and need.

Safe Specifications
a. At least 750 lbs. below 750 must be anchored to building structure.
b. 1 inch thick steel
c. Door should be 11/2 thick steel

2. Vault – heavily constructed for fire and burglar resistance container usually part of the
building structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable
instruments. Vault is usually bigger than safe but smaller that file room.

Vault specifications
a. Doors should be 6 inches thick made of steel;
b. Walls, ceilings, and floors should be 12 inches thick;
c. Floors should be elevated by 4 inches;
d. Not more than 5,000 cubic feet in size;
e. Vault door must be fire resistance up to 4 to 6 hours.

3. File room – a cubicle in a building constructed a little lighter than a vault but bigger in
size. It can accommodate limited people to work on the records inside.

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File room specifications

a. Should be 12 feet high;

b. Interior cubage should be not more than 10,000 cubic feet;
c. Water tight door, fore proof for 1 hour.

Some test for fire Resistance

1. Fire Endurance test – a test by which the safe is subjected to temperatures in a real office
fire. The temperature is around 1000o C and the safe is placed inside for one or two
hours depending on the test.
2. Explain hazard test – a test to determine if the sudden rise in temperature will not cause
the safe to rupture. If the safe can withstand 2000 F for 30 minutes without cracking or
opening then it has passed the test.
3. Fire and Impact test – its objective is to determine the strength of a safe to resist the
collapse of a building during fire.

Animal Barrier

The common animal barrier used is K-9. It is a dog that is trained specially to assist the
police, other law enforcement agencies and security personnel in their work. This animal
barrier is also used for search and rescue operations, and detection of explosives and drugs.

The most commonly used breed is the German shepherd, although Belgian Malinois
are also popular dogs to use.

Breed of dogs

Human Barrier

Human barrier pertains to employees and the security personnel of the organization.
Although there is a concept in security that Security is everybody’s concern, the protection of
company’s asset and employee lies on the security personnel.

Most companies use security guards as their human barrier, usually from security
agency services.

Security guard
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 Security guard is any natural person who offers or renders personal service to watch or
guard residential or business premises or both, government and/or their premises for hire and
compensation.

Types of Security Guard Force

Security Guard Force

It is a group of force selected men, trained or grouped into functional unit for the
purpose of protecting operational processes from those disruption which would impeded
efficiency or halt operation at a particular plant, facility, installation or special activity.

Types of Security Guard forces

1. Private Security Agency – Any person, association, partnership, firm or private

corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or post any security guard, to do
its functions or solicit individuals, business firms, or private, public or government-
owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/her security
guards, for hire commission or compensation.

2. Company Security Force - A security force maintained and operated any private
company/corporation for its own security requirements only.

3. Government Security Unit – A security force maintained and operated any

government entity other than military and/a police, which is established and
maintained for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension such
government entity.

Selection of Guards

Republic Act Number 5487 and its implementing rules and regulations prescribed the
minimum requirements for guards to be able to secure a license to exercise professions a security
guard, private detective, security officer and security consultant.

General Requisites in the Security Profession

a. Filipino Citizen.
b. Physically and mentally fit.
c. Good moral character.
d. Must not posses any disqualification.

General Disqualification

a. Dishonorably discharge from the service in the PNP/AFP or any private/government

entities.
b. Physically or mentally unfit.
c. Conviction of a crime.
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 d. Addicted to drugs or alcohol dummy of a foreigner.
e. Elective or appointive government official.

Moral Turpitude – It is an act of baseness, vileness or depravity in the private and social duties
which a man owes to his fellowmen or to society in general, contrary to the accepted and
customary rule of right and duty between a man and woman.

Basic Qualifications of an Agency Operator/Manager:

In addition to the general qualifications, an operator, should be:

a. At least 25 years of age.

b. Commissioned officer, inactive or retired from AFP or PNP or a graduate of industrial
Security Management with adequate training and experience in the security business.

Basic Qualification of a Security Consultant

In addition to the general qualifications, a Consultant, should be:

a. Holder of Master Degree in Criminology, MPA, MNSA, Industrial Management or

LL.B.
b. Must have at least 10 years experience in the operation and management of security
business.

Basic Qualifications of a Security Officer

In addition to the general qualifications, a security officer, should be:

a. At least graduated from Security Officers Training Course.

b. A retired personnel in the PNP/AFP.
c. Must not posses any of the disqualification.

Private Detective

Any person who does detective work for hire, reward or commission, other than members
of the AFP, BJMP, PN or nay other law enforcement agencies.

Functions of a Private Detective

1. Background Investigation;
2. Locating missing person;
3. Conduct surveillance work;
4. Such other detective work as may become the subject matter of contract between the
agency and its clients.

Basic Qualifications of a Private Detective

In addition to the general qualifications, a Detective should posses any of the following:

a. BS Criminology Graduate;
b. LL.B Holder;
c. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course;
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 d. Advance ROTC Graduate;

Basic Qualification of a Security Guard

In addition to the general qualifications, a security guard, should:

a. Be at least high school graduate;

b. Be at least 18 years of age but not more than 50 years old;
c. Undergone pre-licensing training course;
d. Passed a neuropsychiatry examination;
e. Be locally cleared with PNP or NBI;

Classification of Training and its Duration

1. Basic Security Guard Course (Pre-Licensing Course) – 150 hours;

2. Re-Training Course – 48 hours;
3. Security Officers Training Course – 300 hours; and
4. Basic Security Supervisory Course – 48 hours

Eleven General Orders

1. To take charge of the post and all company properties in view and protect/preserve the
same with outmost diligence.

2. To walk in an alert manner during my tour of duty and observing everything that takes
place within sight or hearing;

3. To report all violations of regulations and orders I am instructed to enforce;

4. To relay all calls from posts more distant from the security house where I am stationed;

5. To quit my post only when properly relieved;

6. To receive, obey and pass on to the relieving guard all orders from company officers or
officials, supervisors, post in-charge or shift leaders;

7. To talk to no one except in line of duty;

8. To sound or call the alarm in case of fire or disorder;

9. To call the superior officer in any case not covered by instructions;

10. To salute all company officials, superiors in the agency, ranking public officials and officers of
Philippine National Police; and.
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11. To be especially watchful at night and during the time of challenging, to challenge all persons
on or near my post and to allow no one to pass or loiter without proper authority.

Security Guard’s Professional Conduct and Ethics

Security Guard’s Creed: As a security guard, my fundamental duty is to protect lives

and properties and maintained order within the vicinity or place of duly, protect the interest of
my employer and our clients and the security and stability of our government and country
without compromise and prejudice, honest in my action, words and thought, and do my best
to uphold the principle: MAKADIOS, MAKABAYAN AT MAKATAO

Ethical Standard: As security guard/detective, his fundamental duty is to serve the interest or
mission of his agency in compliance with the contract entered into with the clients or
customers of the agency he is to serve thus,

1. He shall be honest in thoughts and deeds both in his official actuation, obeying the laws
of the land and the regulations prescribed by his agency and those establish by the
company he is suppose to serve.

2. He shall not reveal any confidential matter committed to him as a security guard and
such other matters imposed upon him by law.

3. He shall act all times with decorum and shall not permit personal feelings, prejudices
and undue friendship to influence his actuation in the performance of his official
functions.

4. He shall not compromise with criminal and other lawless elements to the prejudices of
the customers or clients and shall assist government relentless drive against lawlessness
and other forms of criminality.

5. He shall carry out his assigned duties as required by law to the best of his ability and
shall safeguard life and property of the establishment he is assigned to.
6. He shall wear his uniform, badge, patches and insignia properly as a symbol of public
trust and confidence as an honest and trustworthy security guard, watchman and
private detective.

7. He shall keep his allegiance first to the government he is assigned to serve with loyalty
and outmost dedication.

8. He shall diligently and progressively familiarize himself with the rules and regulations
lay down by his agency and those of the customers or clients.

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 9. He shall at all times be courteous, respectful and salute his superior officers,
government officials and officials of the establishment where he is assigned and the
company he is supposed to serve.

10. He shall report for duty always in proper uniform and neat in his appearance.

11. He shall learn at heart and strictly observe the laws and regulations governing the use
of firearm.

Security Guard Code of Conduct

The watchman should abide by the following code of conduct:

1. He shall carry with him at all time during his tour or Duty his license and identification
card and duty detail order and authority to carry firearms.

2. He shall not use his licenses and other privileges, if any to the prejudice of the public,
the client or customer and his agency;

3. He shall not engage in any unnecessary conversation with anybody except in discharge
of his duties or sit down unless required by the nature of his work and shall at all times
keep himself alert during his tour of duty;

4. He shall refrain from reading newspaper, magazines, books, etc while actual
performing his duties;

5. He shall not drink any intoxicating liquor immediately before and during his tour of
duty;

6. He shall know the location of the alarm box near his post and sound the alarm in case of
fire or disorders;

7. He shall know how to operate any fire extinguisher at his post;

8. He shall know the location of the telephone and/or telephone numbers of the police
precincts as well as the telephone numbers of the fire station in the locality;

9. He shall immediately notify the police in case of any sign of disorder, strike , and riot,
or any serious violations of the law

10. He or his group of guards, shall not participate or integrate any disorder, strike, riot or
any serious violations of the law;

11. He shall assist the police in the preservation and maintenance of peace and order and in
the protection of life and property having in mind that the nature of his responsibilities
is similar to that of the latter;

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 12. He shall familiarize himself by heart with the private security agency law ( R.A. 5487, as
amended) and these implementing rules and regulations;

13. When issued a FA’s he should not lend his FA’s to anybody;

14. He shall always be in proper uniform and shall always carry with him his basic
requirements, and equipments such as writing notebook, ball pen, night stick(baton),
and/or radio;

15. He shall endeavor at all times to merit and be worthy of the trust and confidence of the
agency he represents and the client he serves.

Desirable Qualities of Security Guards

1. Alertness – A good guard must be alert in spotting violators. This can be attained by being
watchful, dedicated and diligence.
2. Judgment – Sound and good judgment is more than the use of common sense. It is the arriving at
wise and timely decision.
3. Confidence – It is the state of being sure; a state of the mind free doubt or misgivings. The attribute
by job knowledge. Thorough and proper training plus good supervision instills confidence.
4. Physical Fitness – Security work is strenuous and demanding. Physical conditioning essential if he
is to be a dependable guard.
5. Tactfulness – Ability of the guard to deal with others successfully without offending. In
short, he can be firm but pleasant.
6. Self-Control – Ability to take hold of oneself regardless of a provoking situation. With
self-control, the guard will do his work without being angry and the situation will be on
hand.
7. Interest, loyalty, responsible and trustworthy, is also important attributes of a reliable
guard.

General Function of a Security Guard

1. Enforce company rules and regulations;

2. Operate and enforce the personnel identification system;
3. Patrol and observe designated areas, perimeter, structures, installation;
4. Take into custody a person attempting or giving unauthorized access
5. Check rooms, building, storage rooms of security interest and after working hours, check
proper locking of doors and gates;
6. Perform escort duties when required;
7. Respond to alarm signals or other indications of suspicious activities and emergencies;
8. Safeguard equipment and material against sabotage, unauthorized access, loss, theft or
damage;
9. Act quickly in situations affecting the security of installation and personnel, to fire
accidents, internal disorder, attempts to commit criminal acts;
10. Control and regulate vehicle and personnel traffic within the compound as well as parking
of vehicle; and
11. Other duties that are necessary in the security guard function.
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 Legal Aspect in Security

Legal Authority, Responsibility and Jurisdiction of

Security Guard

This Subject pertains to the powers and Duties of Security Guard as promulgated in the
2003 Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. 5487, as amended particularly embodied in
Rule XIII of the said act. It discusses the legal authority and jurisdiction as well as scope and
limitation in the implementation of mandated powers by the private security guard and
watchman. It further pointed out the need to exercise flexibility to assist any peace officer in
the pursuit of his duty when requested, provided however, it does not violate any existing
laws and rights of individual. The following provisions are excepts from the 2003
Implementing Rules and Regulation for reference and guidance of the reader:

Powers and Duties

Section 1.Territorial Power – A security guard shall watch and secure the property of the
person, firm, or establishment with whom he or his agency has a contract for security services.
Such service shall not, however, extend beyond the property or compound of said person, firm
or establishment except when required by the latter in accordance with the terms of their
contract to escort, or in hot pursuit of criminal offenders.

Section 2.Arrest by Security Guard- A security guard, or private detective is not a police
officer and is not, therefore, clothed with police authority, however, he may effect arrest under
any of the following circumstances;

2.1 When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually
committing, or is attempting to commit an offense.
2.2 When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe
based on personal knowledge of facts and circumstances that the person to be
arrested has committed it; and
2.3 When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal
establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined
while his case is pending or has escaped while being transferred from one
confinement to another (Section 6, Rule 113, Rule of Court)

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Section 3.Method of Arrest – When making an arrest, the watchman, security guard or private
detective shall inform the person to be arrested of the intention to arrest him and cause of the
arrest, unless the person to be arrested is then engaged in the commission of an offense or after
an escape, or flees or forcibly resists before the person making the arrest has opportunity so to
inform him, or when the giving of such information will imperil the arrest.

Section 4.Duty of Security Guard Making Arrest – Any security guard making arrest, shall
immediately turn over the person arrested to the nearest peace officer, police outpost or
headquarters for custody and/or appropriate action, or he may without necessary delay and
within the time prescribed in Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, take the
person arrested, to the proper Court of Law or judge for such action as they may deem proper
to take. (Section 17, bid).

Section 5.Search without Warrant – Any security guard may, incident to the arrest, search the
person so arrested in the presence of at least two witnesses. He may also search employees of
the person’s firm or establishment with which he is or his agency has contract of private
detective, watchman or security services, when such search is required by the very nature of
the business of the person, firm or establishment.

Section 6.General Orders – All security guard shall memorize and strictly keep by heart the
following general orders:

Section 7.Duty to Assist Law Enforcers – Any security guard shall be duty bound to assist any
peace officer in the pursuit of his bounding duty, when requested, provided it is within the
territorial jurisdiction of his area of duty.

The Law on Arrest, Search and Seizure

There are instances wherein arrest of the persons involved must be immediately effected to
prevent further commission of the crime and/or escape of the culprit/perpetrator. In this
premise, security guards are expected to be knowledgeable of the concepts of lawful arrest,
searches and seizures to legally affect the same should circumstances warrant. As an agent of
peace and order, security guards are required to perform their tasks within the bound of law.

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Arrest– Is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be forthcoming to answer
for the commission of an offense.

How arrest is Made – An arrest is made by an actual physical restraint of the person to be
arrested or by his submission to the custody of the person making an arrest.

What force is required to effect the arrest?

Reasonable or necessary force. The law says, no unnecessary or unreasonable force shall be
used in making an arrest and the person subjected to any greater restraint than is necessary for
his detention. In other words, such force equivalent to the extent of the resistance offered by
the person arrested. The weight of force and the means employed to make an arrest within
justifiable limits dependent upon the discretion of the arresting officer.

What is warrant of arrest? A warrant of arrest is an order in writing, issued in the name of the
people of the Philippines, signed by the judge or an officer authorized by law, and directed to
a peace officer, commanding him to arrest a person designated and bring him before the court.

What are the requisites (for a valid) warrant of arrest/search warrant?

1. It must be issued upon probable cause;

2. The probable cause must be determined by the judge himself or such other officer
authorized by law;
3. Such determination of the existence of probable cause must be after examination by the
judge or officer of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce; and
4. The warrant must particularly describe the place to be searched and the person or things
to be seized.

How lawful and illegal arrests do differs?

1. Lawful arrest – has been defined under Rule 113 of the Rules of Court, by taking a person

into custody in order for him to answer for the commission of an offense, whereas,

2. Illegal or unlawful arrest – is defined under article 269 of the Revised Penal Code, whereby

the arrest made is without legal ground and committed by a private person.

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What are the kinds of lawful arrest?

1. Written order or warrant of arrest issued by a judge;

2. Oral order of a judge during court session;

3. Arrest without warrant; and

4. Arrest order issued by the President of the Philippines during Martial Law or National

Emergency (State of Emergency).

What are the legal grounds in arresting a person?

1. Commission of an offense under any circumstances

2. Violent insanity or other ailment requiring compulsory confinement of the patient in a

medical institution.

Understanding arbitrary detention –

1. Article 124 (RPC) - The offender is a public officer or employee who arrest or detain a

person without legal ground.

2. Article 125 (RPC) - The arrest was based on legal ground but the offender failed to deliver

the arrested/detained person to the judicial authorities within the time

limits prescribed by law.

3. Article 126 (RPC) –The arrest or detention was legal but the detained person was not

released from the custody despite the order of the judicial authority.

What are the general procedures of an arrest?

1. Assistance - It is advantageous to have an assistant present in effecting an arrest. This will

be an additional safety measure to the arresting officer and to provide witness to any criminal
occurrence or to significant evidentiary facts.

2. Place of Arrest – It must be in place where it is free from any possible involvement of the
bystander.

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3. Behavior in Making Arrest – A direct manner of arrest is preferable. The suspect should be
notified that he is being placed under arrest.

4. Employment of force – he degree and kind of force to be applied to effect an arrest should
only be proportional to be calculated resistance of or to be offered. Excessive force should not
be used.

Methods of arrest by security personnel –

1. Inform the person to be arrested of the intention to arrest him.

2. Inform him the cause of his arrest.

3. Unless the person to be arrested is then engaged in the commission of an offense or is

pursued immediately after its escape, or flees or forcibly resists before the person making the
arrest has the opportunity to inform him, or when the giving of such information will imperil
the arrest.

SEARCH AND SEIZURE

Constitutional provision on search and seizure -

Article III, Sec II, No. 3 of the bill or rights of the Philippines Constitution specifically says
that “ the right of the people to be secured in their persons, houses, papers and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and the warrant shall be issued upon probable
causes to be determined by a judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and
the witnesses, he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or
things to be seized”.

Purpose of the constitutional provision –

1. To prevent violation against person and property; and

2. Unlawful invasion of the sanctity of the home by officers of the law acting under
legislative and judicial sanction, and to give remedy against such usurpations when
attempted.

Limitations on property subjected to be seized-

1. Property subject of the offense

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 2. Property stolen and other proceeds or fruits of the offense
3. Property used in the commission of the offense

Rights of the officer in effecting search –

The officer, if refused admittance to the place, after giving notice of his purpose and authority,
any break any outer or inner or window of a house or any part of a house or anything therein
to execute the warrantor liberate himself or any lawfully aiding him when unlawfully
detained therein.

Why the presence of witnesses is necessary?

No search of a house; room or may other premises shall be made except in the presence of at
least one competent witness, resident or the neighborhood.

What is the time of effecting a search?

The warrant directs it is served in the daytime, unless the affidavit asserts that the property is
on the person or in the place ordered to be searched at any time of the day or night.

What is the validity of a search warrant?

A search warrant shall be valid for ten days from its date. Thereafter, it shall be void.

Receipt of property seized-

The officer seizing property under arrest must give the detailed receipt for the same to the
person on whom or in whose possession it was found, or in the absence of any person, must be
in the presence of at least one witness, together with a true inventory thereof duly verified
under oath.

Why search to a person is being conducted?

A search of a person is conducted to discover weapons or evidence or to determine identity.

Search to a person without warrant –

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A person charged with an offense maybe searched for dangerous weapon or anything, which
maybe used as proof of the commission of the offense.

When may search and seizure be legally made without warrant –

1. Where there is consent or waiver

2. Where search is an incident to a lawful arrest;
3. In the case of contraband or forfeited goods being transported by ship, automobile, or
other vehicle, where the officer making it has reasonable cause for believing that the
latter contain them, in view of the difficulty attendant to securing a search warrant;
4. Where, without a search warrant the possession of articles prohibited by law is
disclosed to plain view or is open to eye and hand.
5. As an incident of inspection, supervision and regulation in the exercise of police power
such as inspection of restaurant by health officers, or factories by labor inspectors

Duties during Strikes and Lockouts

1. All private security personnel in direct confrontation with strikes, marchers or

demonstrators shall not carry firearms. They may carry only night sticks (baton) which
may or may not be provided with tear gas canister and dispenser. Security personnel not
in direct confrontation with the strikes may carry in the usual prescribed manner their
issued firearm;
2. Private security personnel shall avoid direct contact either physical or otherwise with the
strikers;
3. They shall stall only within the perimeter of the installation which they are protecting at all
times;
4. In protecting and securing the assets and persons of their clients, shall only use sufficient
and reasonable force necessary to overcome the risk or danger posed by strikers or hostile
crowds;
5. They shall refrain from abetting or assisting acts of management leading to physical clash
of forces between labor and management; and
6. They must at all times be in complete uniform with their names and agency’s name shown
on their shirts above the breast pockets.

Licenses in the Security Profession

1. License to Operate – before a Private Security Agency (PSA) can operate; it has to secure a
license to Operate (LTO) categorized as either temporary or regular. A temporary license is
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 issued by the PNP thru Civil Security Group Directorate after the applicant/licensee
should have complied with all the requirements while it has less than two hundred guards.
A regular license to operate is issued to the PSA once in it’s qualified of having two
hundred or more license security guard in its employ duly posted. Regular license is
renewable every two years.

2. Security Guard License – before a security can practice his profession; he shall possess
valid security license. The use of expired license is not allowed. In case of doubt, licenses
may be verified at the PNP SAGSD whether valid or fake.

3. Firearm’s license – all firearms of the security agency should be covered with firearms
license issued by the PNP through its Firearms Explosive Division under the Civil Security
Group, renewable every two years. No duplication of two or more firearms with the same
make and serial number shall be covered by one license.

=========================6TH week===========================

Grounds for the cancellation of Security Guard License

1. Assisting or protecting criminals during on or off duty status;

2. Providing confidential information to unauthorized person;
3. Posted security guard found drunk or drinking intoxicating liquor
4. Other similar acts.

Possession of Firearms

1. One firearm for every two security guards;

2. Private security agency/private detective agency/company security force/government
security force shall not be allowed to possess firearms in excess of five hundred units;
3. Shotguns not higher than 12 gauge; and
4. Weapons with bores not bigger than cal. 22 to include pistols and revolvers with bores
bigger than cal. 38.

Exemption

In areas where there is an upsurge of lawlessness and criminality as determined by the

Chief PNP, regional office or their authorized representative, they may be allowed to acquire,
possess and use high powered firearms.

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Limitations in Carrying Firearms

1. No firearms shall be borne nor be in the possession of any private security personnel
except when in actual performance of duty, in the prescribed uniform, in the place and
time so specified in the Duty Detail Order;

Duty Detail Order – is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer

usually the private security agency/branch manager or operations officer
assigning the performance of private security/detective services duties.

DDO for the purpose of post duties not requiring transport of firearms
outside of the physical compound or property of a client or client establishment
and shall be issued for not more than thirty days duration.

2. Shall be carried only within the compound of the establishment where he is assigned to
guard; and

3. While escorting big amount of cash or valuable outside of its jurisdiction or area of
operation, private security agency shall issue an appropriate Duty Detail Order to the
security personnel concerned.

Confiscation of Firearms of Security Guard

The following are the grounds for confiscation of firearms of security guard:

1. When the firearm is about to be used in the commission of a crime;

2. When the firearm is actually being used in the commission of a crime;

3. When the firearm has just been used in the commission of a crime;

4. When the firearm being carried by the security guard is unlicensed or a

firearm is not authorized by law and regulation for his use;

5. When the confiscation of the firearm is directed by the order of the court;

6. When the firearm is used or carried outside the property, compound, or

establishment revised by the Agency, without proper authority:

7. When a security guard does not possess any license to exercise his profession.

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 In all the above cases, the confiscating officer shall inform the agency concerned
immediately.

Disposition of Confiscated Firearms- Any police officer or any other person effecting
the confiscation of firearm under any of the circumstances mentioned, shall inform the Chief of
Constabulary within 24 hours after confiscation and the firearms shall be turned over
immediately to the Firearms and Explosive Division (FED), PNP or the nearest PNP station or
headquarter, except when the firearm is confiscated by order of the court.

Revocation of License to Possess Firearms - to operate firearms may be revoked under the
following instances:

1. For failure to submit for verification of issued firearm.

2. Carrying of firearms by security personnel without appropriate DDO

3. For failure to report loss of any firearm for any cause or negligence.

4. When firearm serial number has been duplicated on another firearm or using
one firearms license for more than one firearm other than those stipulated in the
license;

5. Carrying of firearms outside of the place stated in their permit.

6. Conviction of the operator or manager of the agency of any crime involving

moral turpitude.

Duty to Assist Law Enforces

Any security guard shall be duty bound to assist any peace officer in the pursuit of his
bounding duty, when requested, provided it is within the territorial jurisdiction of his area of
duty.

Powers of City, Municipal Mayors in Case of Emergency

1. In case of emergency or in times of disaster or calamity when the services of any

security agency/entity and his personnel are needed. The city or municipal mayor may
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 muster or incorporate the members of the agency or agencies nearest the area of such
disaster or calamity to help in the maintenance of peace and order, prevention of crime,
or apprehension of violators of laws and ordinance, and in the protection of lives and
properties.
2. They shall receive direct orders from the Chief of Police of the city or municipality form
the duration of the emergency, disaster or calamity

Supervision of the PNP to Security Guard

In case of emergency or in times of disaster or calamities, the Chief, PNP may deputize any
security guard to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties for the duration of such
emergency, disaster or calamity. Licensed guards, who are actually assigned to clients with
DDO, shall be deputized by the Chief, PNP, and clothed with authority to enforce laws, rules
and regulations within his area of responsibility.

Inter-Relationship between Private Security Personnel and Member of the PNP

1. Private security personnel are always subordinate to members of the PNP on matters
pertaining to law enforcement and crime prevention. They cannot enforce and
provision of the law except in executing citizen’s arrest and/or conducting initial
investigation of a commission of a crime. In such case, any arrested person shall be
turned over immediately to the nearest PNP unit/station.
2. Criminal investigation is the responsibility of the PNP. All results of initial
investigation conducted by the private security personnel and all evidence gathered by
them shall be turned over to the PNP unit/station concerned as a matter of course
without delay.

Sanctions against Licensed Security Personnel

Classification of Offenses:

a. Light Offenses shall include, but not limited to:

1. Those related to uniforms except those falling under paragraph (1)
hereunder;
2. Use of profane languages;
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 3. Acts of discourteousness;
4. Failure to notify/call the nearest PNP station in case of disorders, riots or
strikes and other emergency cases;
5. Late or failure to maintain and/or submit records/reports;
6. Violations of Section 1, Rule X (security guard Creed, Code of Ethics and
Code of Conduct) of the Implementing Rules and Regulations otherwise not
specifically falling under this paragraph b and c of the said rule, and
7. All acts prejudicial to good conduct, behavior, morals and similar acts
pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations.

b. Less Grave Offenses shall include, but not limited to:

1. Not having in possession his/her license to exercise profession, duty detail
order and/or firearms license (when carrying firearms) while performing
private security service;
2. Use of uniform not appropriate for one’s rank or position;
3. Leaving his post without being properly relieved, thus exposing the lives and
properties he is supposed to protect from danger;
4. Indiscriminate firing of firearm not in connection with the performance of
duty; and
5. Other similar offenses pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations.

c. Grave Offenses shall include, but not limited to:

1. Using uniform other than that prescribed under the Implementing Rules and
Regulations;
2. Using personally owned or unlicensed firearm during his tour of duty;
3. Allowing the use/lending issued firearms to unauthorized persons;
4. Assisting, abetting or protecting criminals during tour of duty;
5. Providing confidential information to unauthorized persons;
6. Refusal to provide information to authorized persons;
7. Illegal search;
8. Taking alcoholic beverages or being drunk while on guard duty;
9. Abuse or acting beyond the scope of authority;
10. Misrepresentation in the submission of documents for renewal of license; and
11. Other similar offense pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations.

Penalties:

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 a. For Light Offenses. One (1) to Thirty (30) days suspension or a fine ranging from one
thousand pesos minimum to five hundred pesos maximum (P100.00 – P500.00) or both;

b. For Less Grave Offenses. One (1) month and one(1) day to six (6) months suspension or
a fine ranging from five hundred pesos minimum to one thousand pesos maximum
(P500.00 – P1,000.00) or both; and

c. For Grave Offenses. Six (6) months and one (1) day to one (1) year suspension or a fine
ranging from ten thousand pesos minimum to fifty thousand pesos maximum
(P10,000.00 – P50,000.00) or both, and/or cancellation of license/permit.

=========================7th week============================

Personnel Security

Definition of Personnel Security

It is the procedure followed, inquiries conducted, and criteria applied to determine the
work suitability of a particular applicant or the retention of a particular employee.

This is an aspect of security which ensures that members of the organization and those
accepted to be members are capable, reliable, trustworthy, and loyal to the organization.

Purpose of Personnel Security

1. To ensure that the company shall hire only employees who are best suited to assist the
organization in achieving its mission and vision;
2. Once hired, they can assist the company in providing necessary security to the
employees while they are performing their functions.

Key functions of Personnel Security

1. It serves as a screening mechanism in selecting suitable employees for the job;

2. It provides background investigation services of both potential and present employees,
for possible assignments to sensitive position;
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 3. It handles investigation of employees suspected of wrongdoing;
4. It develops security awareness among employees; and
5. It attempts to ensure the protection of employees from discriminatory hiring or
termination procedures as well as unfounded allegations of illegal or unethical activities
and conduct.

Personnel Security Investigation (PSI)

1. National Agency Check (NAC) – it is a background investigation conducted to an

individual which consists of Local Agency Check and supplemented by investigation of
the records and files of the following agencies: PNP, ISAFP, NBI, CSC, Bureau of
Immigration and other agencies;
2. Local Agency Check (LAC) – It is also a background investigation conducted to an
individual based on the records and files of agency in the area of principal residence of
the individual being investigated like clearances from the barangay, mayor, police,
prosecutor and courts.

Background Investigation (BI)

1. It is an inquiry which aims to verify an applicant’s information written at the applicants

form, to ascertain his/her past employment and to obtain other necessary information
which will help the company’s decision to employ;
2. A check made on an individual usually seeking employment through subjects records
in the police, educational institutions, place of residence, and former employers.

Kinds of Background Investigation

1. Complete background Investigation (CBI) – a type of background investigation which is

more comprehensive, which includes all circumstances of his personal life;
2. Partial Background Investigation (PBI) – Investigation of the background of the
individual but limited only to some circumstances of his personal life.

Factors to be considered in the conduct of background investigation

1. Loyalty – Faithful allegiance to the Philippine government and its duly constitutional
authorities;
2. Integrity – uprightness in character, soundness of moral principle, freedom moral
delinquencies;
3. Discretion – the ability or tendency to act or to decide with prudence, the habit of wise
judgment;
4. Morals – distinctive identifying qualities which serve as an index to the essential or
intrinsic nature of a person;

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 5. Character – the sum of traits that have been impresses by nature, education and habit
upon the individual;
6. Reputation – opinion or estimation in which one is generally held. It is what a person is
reported to be whereas character is what a person is.

Investigative coverage

1. Prior Employment;
2. Claimed education;
3. Claimed residence for the period covered in the employment and educational institutes;
and
4. If the candidate indicates a criminal record, then the details should be checked.

Investigative Standards

1. Information sought should be relevant;

2. Information should be reliable; and
3. If unfavorable, the information should be confirmed by at least two sources.

Things to look for during screening

1. Signs of instability in personal relation;

2. Indication of lack of job stability;
3. Indication of being clearly overqualified;
4. Declining salary history;
5. Unexplained gaps in employment history;
6. Inability to remember names of former supervisor;
7. Gaps in residence; and
8. Inadequate reference.

Motive that cause People to be disloyal

1. Material gain
2. Heavy investment in the country or foreign land
3. Serious indebtedness
4. Ideological inclination
5. Jealousy
6. Gullibility
7. Weakness in character
8. Revenge
9. Desire for increased personal prestige

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 10. Friendship
11. Close relatives in foreign land
12. Addiction to drugs
13. Blackmail

Common omission and falsification committed by an applicant

1. Applicant’s signature
2. Applicant’s date
3. Applicant’s name
4. Residence address
5. Date of birth
6. Education
7. Criminal records
8. Employment
9. Citizenship

Security Education Program

It is a method to develop security awareness among the employee of the organization

regardless of rank and position, by means of orientation and seminar to new and old
employees, to protect the interest of the company from any possible loss, damage and other
criminal acts.

Purpose of Security Education:

1. Employee to understand the importance of security to the successful operation of the

company;
2. Employees to understand their role, duties and responsibilities in the security of the
company;
3. To familiarize with the various aspect of the security measures being implemented in
the company; and
4. Employees to comply with the rules and regulations.

Phases of Security Education Program

1. Initial Interview – at this stage, the prospective employee will be given an idea on the
security policies being implemented by the company, and the corresponding penalties if
violated;
2. Orientation and Training – in this stage, new employees are oriented on every detail of
company security policies. Usually they are given security manual and hand out for
their reference;

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 3. Refresher Conference – it has been done to remind employees about their role, duties
and responsibilities on the security program, introduction of new policies, of any, and
review of the existing guidelines;
4. Security Reminders – it is an approach to remind the employees of the policies of the
company on the security measures by means of posting security posters and giving lf
leaflets ; and
5. Security Promotion – it is an act to inculcate to the minds of the employees the
importance and role of the security in the success of the organization. It is done to get
the cooperation and support of the employees.

================================8 th week===============================

Document and Information Security

It is a security involving the protection of documents and information from loss or

access by unauthorized persons.

It prescribes the policies and establishes the standard basic procedures governing the
classification and security of official matters.

The information Cycle

The following stages are involved in the information cycle. In every stage, protection is
necessary to protect the same from loss, espionage, destruction, and compromise:

1. Creation – In this stage, information is discovered and developed in any method. This
stage is also called research and development. In this stage, various personnel are
utilized such as managers, researchers, clerks, and others. In the creation of
information, it can be in the form of documents in printed form or electronic data. Its
creation usually takes places in the laboratory or in the information technology division.

2. Use- at this point, the information is ready for use, after passing through various phases
like validation, dry run, and others. This information can be basis in making decidions,
to solicit support or inform others. When information is used by the organization, it
requires duplication and distribution whether in the form of printed matter or thru
electronic means.

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 3. Storage and Retrieval – in this stage, the information used will be stored for future use.
The method in the storage should be designed to protect the integrity of the
information, and free from natural and man-made hazards.

In case of retrieval, only authorized personnel should be allowed to have access

to the information stored.

4. Transfer – this is the stage where the information is transferred from active to inactive.
Inactive records are usually placed in a remote area which is less accessible to users. In
the process of transferring information, security measures should also be implemented
in order to protect such information from espionage, destruction, and others.

5. Disposition – it is the final stage of the information cycle. In this stage, the authorized
personnel shall decide whether the information will be put either in active or inactive
storage or even to dispose it.

The method of disposal can be done thru burning or shredding, but always
depend on the amount of information and media used.

Document Security Systems

Documents Security is that aspect of security which involves the application of security
measures for the proper protection and safeguarding of classified information.

Security Clearance – it is a certification by a responsible authority that the person described is

cleared for access to classified matter the appropriate level.

Certificate of Destruction – It is a certification by a witnessing officer that the classified matters

describe therein has been disposed of in his presence, approved destruction methods.

Top Secret Matters

These are information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which would cause
exceptionally grave damage to the nation, politically, economically or from a security aspect.

Examples of top secret documents

5. Very important political documents regarding negotiation for major alliance.

6. Major governmental projects such as proposal to adjust the nation’s economy.

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Lea 3 Midterm Coverage
 7. Military – Police defense class/plans.

8. Intel service.

9. Strategies plan documenting overall conduct of war.

10. Compilations of data individually classified as secret or lower but which collectively
should be in a higher grade.

11. Major government project like drastic proposals.

Secret Matters

These Information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which would endanger
national security, cause serious injury to the interest or prestige of the nation or of any
governmental activity or would be of great advantage to a foreign nation.

Examples of secret Documents

1. Those that jeopardize or endanger Intel relations of a nation.

2. Those that compromise defense plans, scientific or technological development.

3. Those that reveal important intelligence operations.

4. War plans or complete plans for future war operations not included in top secret.

5. Documents showing disposition of forces.

6. New designs of aircraft projections, tanks, radar and other devices.

7. Troop movement to operational areas.

8. Hotel plans and estimates.

9. Order of battle information.

Confidential Matters

These are information and material the unauthorized disclosure of which, while not
endangering the national security, would be prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or
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Lea 3 Midterm Coverage
any governmental activity, or would cause administrative embarrassment or unwarranted injury
to an individual or would be of advantage to a foreign nation.

Examples of confidential Documents

1. Plans of government projects such as roads, bridges, buildings, etc.

2. Routine services reports like operations and exercise of foreign power.

3. Routine intelligence reports.

4. Certain Personnel records staff matters.

Restricted Matters

These are information and material, which requires special protection other than that
determined to be TOP SECRET, SECRET, OR CONFIDENTIAL.

Types of records/documents

1. Class I – Vital records/documents – these are records/documents which are irreplaceable,

although can be reproduced, but reproduction of the same does not have the same value of
the original;

2. Class II – important records/documents – these are the records/documents which

reproduction of the same will cause considerable cost, labor, and delay;

3. Class III – useful records/documents – these are records/documents which if lost, might
cause inconvenience to the owner or company, but could be replaced and may not give
insurmountable difficulty to the timely restoration of the company’s operation;

4. Class IV – Non-essential records/documents – these are records/documents which

comprise of daily files and which are routine in nature, which if list or destroyed, will not
affect the operation of the company.

Responsibility for Protection

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 1. Security is command responsibility. It is the duty of the head of the department or
agencies to have assurance of the loyalty and integrity of every personnel assigned in their
department.
2. The security of the classified documents should be the paramount concern of all personnel
in the department or agencies.

Standard Rules in document Security

1. The authority and responsibility for the preparation and classification of classified matter
rest exclusively with the originating office.
2. Classified matter should be classified according to content and not in the classification of
the file in which they are held or of another document to which they refer.
3. Classification should be made as soon as possible by placing the appropriate marks on the
matter to be classified.
4. Each individual whose duty allows access to classified matter is responsible for the
protection of the classified matter while it is in his/her possession and shall insure that
dissemination of such classified matter is on the “need to know “ basis and to “properly
cleared personnel only.”

Protection of Sensitive Information

I. Proprietary Information

It is sensitive information owned by a company and which gives a company certain

competitive advantages. Generally, it is a document classified by the owner as proprietary limits
to who can view it or know about its contents.

In the business community, it is information concerned on the structure, products, or

methods ofth organization which are protected from espionage or copying.

==============================MIDTERM EXAM==================================

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