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6pappus Geometry

Pappus of Alexandria was a Greek geometer from 290-350 BC whose work formed the basis of modern projective geometry. He wrote commentaries on Euclid's Elements and Ptolemy's Almagest. Pappus' geometry consisted of 6 axioms describing the properties of points and lines, and his most famous theorem, known as the Theorem of Pappus, describes the collinearity of intersection points of certain lines. Each point in Pappus' geometry lies on exactly three lines according to his axioms.

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251 views8 pages

6pappus Geometry

Pappus of Alexandria was a Greek geometer from 290-350 BC whose work formed the basis of modern projective geometry. He wrote commentaries on Euclid's Elements and Ptolemy's Almagest. Pappus' geometry consisted of 6 axioms describing the properties of points and lines, and his most famous theorem, known as the Theorem of Pappus, describes the collinearity of intersection points of certain lines. Each point in Pappus' geometry lies on exactly three lines according to his axioms.

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Jongssaeng Park
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Pappus Geometry

Pappus of
Alexandria
290 – 350 BC
He is the last of the great Greek
geometers and one of his
theorems is cited as the basis of
modern projective geometry. He
wrote commentaries on Euclid's
Elements and Ptolemy's
Almagest.
Axioms

1.There exists at least one line.


2.Every line has exactly three points.
3.Not all points are on the same line.
4.There exists exactly one line through a point not on a line that is
parallel to a give line.
5.If P is a point not on a line, there exists exactly one point P’ on
the line such that no line joins P and P’.
6. With the exception in Axioms 5, if P and Q are distinct points,
then exactly one line contains both of them.
Models of Consistency
1.There exists at least one line.

2.Every line has exactly three points.

3.Not all points are on the same line.

4.There exists exactly one line through a point not on a line that is parallel to a give line.

5.If P is a point not on a line, there exists exactly one point P’ on the line such that no line joins P and P’.

6. With the exception in Axioms 5, if P and Q are distinct points, then exactly one line contains both of them.

Points: 9

Lines: 9
Theorem of Pappus

If A, B, and C are three distinct points on one line


and if A’, B’ , and C’ are three distinct point on a
second line, then the intersection of lines 𝐴𝐶′ and
𝐶𝐴′ , 𝐴𝐵′ and 𝐵𝐴′ , and 𝐵𝐶′ and 𝐶𝐵′ are collinear.
Theorem of Pappus

Each point in the geometry of Pappus lies on exactly


three lines. By axioms 1 and 2, there exists a line with three points A,
B, C. By axiom 3, there is a 4th point, X, not on this line.
X Consider the total number of lines on X, which represents
any point of the geometry. By axiom 5, X lies on lines
meeting two of the points on the given line, say B and C.
C
By axiom 4, there is exactly one line through X parallel
B
A
𝐵𝐶, so that there are at least three lines on X. But there
cannot be a 4th line through X. By axiom 5, there is no
line connecting X and A, and axiom 4, there is no other
line through X not meeting 𝐵𝐶.
Exercises
1.There exists at least one line.

2.Every line has exactly three points.

3.Not all points are on the same line.

4.There exists exactly one line through a point not on a line that is parallel to a give line.

5.If P is a point not on a line, there exists exactly one point P’ on the line such that no line joins P and P’.

6. With the exception in Axioms 5, if P and Q are distinct points, then exactly one line contains both of them.

1. Which axioms are also true statements


in Euclidean geometry?
1. 1,3,4 2. Foreach point, how many other
2. two points in the geometry do not lie on a
line through the given point?
end

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