This document provides solutions to several highway geometric design problems involving vertical curves and horizontal curves. Some key details include:
- Calculating the elevation and offset at points along a crest vertical curve given the grade, length, and beginning elevation.
- Finding the station and elevation of the highest point on a vertical curve.
- Calculating the required superelevation for different radii of curvature and design speeds based on the lateral friction coefficient.
- Solving for the station and elevation of the lowest point along a vertical curve connecting two grades.
- Determining the minimum allowable radius of curvature for a given design speed and superelevation rate.
- Designing the length of a
This document provides solutions to several highway geometric design problems involving vertical curves and horizontal curves. Some key details include:
- Calculating the elevation and offset at points along a crest vertical curve given the grade, length, and beginning elevation.
- Finding the station and elevation of the highest point on a vertical curve.
- Calculating the required superelevation for different radii of curvature and design speeds based on the lateral friction coefficient.
- Solving for the station and elevation of the lowest point along a vertical curve connecting two grades.
- Determining the minimum allowable radius of curvature for a given design speed and superelevation rate.
- Designing the length of a
Original Title
HW Engineering I Solution to Selected Workout Problems
This document provides solutions to several highway geometric design problems involving vertical curves and horizontal curves. Some key details include:
- Calculating the elevation and offset at points along a crest vertical curve given the grade, length, and beginning elevation.
- Finding the station and elevation of the highest point on a vertical curve.
- Calculating the required superelevation for different radii of curvature and design speeds based on the lateral friction coefficient.
- Solving for the station and elevation of the lowest point along a vertical curve connecting two grades.
- Determining the minimum allowable radius of curvature for a given design speed and superelevation rate.
- Designing the length of a
This document provides solutions to several highway geometric design problems involving vertical curves and horizontal curves. Some key details include:
- Calculating the elevation and offset at points along a crest vertical curve given the grade, length, and beginning elevation.
- Finding the station and elevation of the highest point on a vertical curve.
- Calculating the required superelevation for different radii of curvature and design speeds based on the lateral friction coefficient.
- Solving for the station and elevation of the lowest point along a vertical curve connecting two grades.
- Determining the minimum allowable radius of curvature for a given design speed and superelevation rate.
- Designing the length of a
የአርክቴክቸር እና ሲቪል ምህንድስና ኮሌጅ College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Highway Engineering I work out Problems
By: Haile G. April 2022
Solution to Highway geometric design selected problems.
1. A road has a crest vertical curve with the following characteristics: G1 = +4.8%, VPC at Station 4+010 with elevation 750 m, VPT at Station 4+330, G2 = -1.6%. A. What is the elevation of the vertical curve at Station 4+110? we need L = 4330-14010=320 m, sta. of BVC = 750 m, g1 = 4.8% = 0.048, and
The general equation of a parabola
y = ax2 + bx + c
Where: • y = roadway elevation at distance x • x = distance from beginning of vertical curve • a = (g2 – g1)/2L and • b = g1 • c = elevation of BVC 𝑔2 − 𝑔1 (−1.6 − 4.8) 𝑎= = = −0.0001 2𝐿 200 ∗ 320 𝑔1 = 4.8% = 0.048, 𝑐 = eleva. of BVC = 750
6. What is the superelevation to be provided for a horizontal curve with a radius of 300 m for a design speed of 85 km/h if the lateral coefficient of friction is a.) 0.1? b.) 0.15? and c.) 0.2? 𝑉2 𝑅𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 127(𝑒 + 𝜇) 𝑉2 𝑒= −𝜇 127𝑅𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 852 𝑒= −𝜇 127 ∗ 300 852 a. 𝑒 = 127∗300 − 0.1 =8.96% 852 b. 𝑒 = 127∗300 − 0.15 =3.96% 852 c. 𝑒 = − 0.2= -0.01037 127∗300
It tells us it is not possible to get a 85 KPH on the road which has a 0.2 side friction, so the design speed should reduce or the road suffice friction should be minimized.
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 2 of 12
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8. A -2.5% grade is connected to a +1.0% grade by means of a 180 m vertical curve. The P.I. station is 10+000 and the P.I. elevation is 100.0 m above sea level. What are the station and elevation of the lowest point on the vertical curve? Solution 3.5 𝑔2 – 𝑔1 1 − −2.5 100 𝑎 = = = 𝐿 180 180 • Location of highest/lowest point on the curve, 𝑥ℎ/𝑙 𝑔1 𝐿 𝑔1 𝐿 2.5 𝑥ℎ/𝑙 = − 𝑔 = = 3.5 ∗ 180 = 128.57 𝑚, 2 −𝑔1 𝐴
Station of BVC (10,000 m-90 m (which is L/2)=9910 m (9+910)
Station of low point (9910+128.57=) 10+038.57 Elevation of BVC: 100.0 m +90*2.5/100=102.25 m • Elevation of highest/lower point, 𝑔2 −𝑔1 𝑦ℎ/𝑙 = (𝑥ℎ/𝑙 )2 + 𝑔1 𝑥ℎ/𝑙 + 𝐸𝑙𝑣. 𝐵𝑉𝐶 2𝐿
9. What is the minimum radius of curvature allowable for a roadway with a 100 km/h design speed, assuming that the maximum allowable superelevation rate is 0.10? Compare this with the minimum curve radius recommended by ERA..
Solution: V=100 km/h, e=0.10, f=0.11 1002 𝑅= = 375 𝑚 127(0.11 + 0.10) Minimum radius recommended by ERA is also 375 m.
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 3 of 12
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10. A vertical crest ( summit curve is formed at the intersection of two grades + 3/100 and -1/20. Design the length of the crest curve to provide a stopping sight distance for a design speed of 80 km/h. Take any assumptions. solution 𝑉2 𝑆𝑆𝐷 = 0.278𝑉𝑡 + 254𝑓
As there is ascending gradient on one side of the summit and descending gradient on the other side, the effect of gradient on SDD is assumed to get compensated and hence ignored in the calculation.
Assuming L>SSD 8 ∗ 1282 𝐿 = = 324.4 𝑚 404 L=324.4 m (>128 m) Therefore, the length of the summit curve is 324.4 m 13. An existing tunnel needs to be connected to a newly constructed bridge with sag and crest vertical curves. The profile view of the tunnel and bridge is shown in Figure below. Develop a vertical alignment to connect the tunnel and bridge by determining the highest
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 4 of 12
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possible common design speed for the sag and crest (equal-tangent) vertical curves needed. Compute the stationing and elevations of PVC, PVI, and PVT curve points.
Figure Profile view (vertical alignment diagram) for Example 3.9.
SOLUTION
From left to right (see Figure above), a sag vertical curve (with subscript s) and a crest vertical curve (with subscript c) are needed to connect the tunnel and bridge. From the given information, it is known that G1s = 0% (the initial slope of the sag vertical curve) and G2c = 0% (the final slope of the crest vertical curve). To obtain the highest possible design speed, we want to use all of the horizontal distance available. This means we want to connect the curve so that the PVT of the sag curve (PVTs) will be the PVC of the crest curve (PVCc). If this is the case, G2s = G1c and since G1s = G2c = 0, As = Ac = A, the common algebraic difference in the grades. Since 366 m separates the tunnel and bridge,
Ls + Lc =366 m
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 5 of 12
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Also, the summation of the end-of-curve offset for the sag curve and the beginning-of curve offset (relative to the final grade) for the crest curve must equal 12.2 m. Using the equation for the final offset, 𝑨𝑳 𝒀𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑨𝑳𝒔 𝑨𝑳𝒄 𝑨 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐 = + = (𝑳 + 𝑳𝒄 ) 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒔 And since Ls + Lc = 366, 𝑨 ∗ 𝟑𝟔𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟎 200 𝐴 = 12.2 ∗ 366 =6.667
Solving for A gives, A = 6.667%. The problem now becomes one of finding K-values that allow Ls + Lc = 366. Since L = KA , we can write 𝐾𝑠 𝐴 + 𝐾𝑐 𝐴 = 366 (𝐾𝑠 + 𝐾𝑐 )𝐴 = 366 366 366 𝐾𝑠 + 𝐾𝑐 = = 6.667 = 54.90 (m and Km/h) 𝐴
𝐾𝑠 + 𝐾𝑐 = 180 (𝑓𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖/ℎ)
To find the highest possible design speed, Tables 3.2 and 3.3 are used to arrive at K-values to solve Ks + Kc = 44.652. From Tables 3.2 and 3.3, it is apparent that the highest possible design speed is 50 mi/h, at which speed Kc = 84 and Ks = 96 (the summation of K’s is 180).
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 6 of 12
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Or we can find from the metric units
366 366 𝐾𝑠 + 𝐾𝑐 = = 6.667 = 54.90 𝐴
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 7 of 12
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At v=80 kph it is 30+26=56 which is closer one.
To arrive at the stationing of curve points, we first determine curve lengths as Ls = KsA= 96(6.667) = 640.0 ft=195.2 m Lc = KcA= 84(6.667) = 560.0 ft=170.8 m
Since the station of the PVCs is 10 + 000 (given), it is clear that the PVIs = 10+097.6, PVTs = PVCc = 10+195.2, PVIc = 10+280.60, and PVTc = 10+366. For elevations, PVCs = PVIs = 1530 m and PVIc = PVTc = 1542.2 m. Finally, the elevation of PVTs and PVCc can be computed as
14. A horizontal curve has a central angle of 45o and a Point of Intersection (PI) at Station 1+000.00 and radius of 1000.00 m. What is the station of the Point of Tangency (PT)? Solution:
T R tan 2 45 T 1000 * tan 1000 * .41421 414.21 2 L *R* * 1000 * 45 785.398m 180 180 PI 1 000.00 414.21 PC 0 585.79 785.40 PT 1 371.19
15. The design speed of asphalt concrete paved highway designed for construction is 80kph with e=8%& f=0.14 . During right-of-way reservation period it was found out that the space available for horizontal curve is only adequate for provision of maximum 200m radius. Can this speed be safely maintained on the road? If not, what should be done? Solution:
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 8 of 12
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17. The stopping distance (rounded for design) of a two lane road (12 ft lanes) is 450 ft. What is the required clear distance between the drivers location and the edge of the forest (level terrain and no back slope) if the radius to the centerline is 1000 ft?
Solution:
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 9 of 12
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Robj 1000 ft 6 ft 994 ft
S obj 2Robj 360 S * 360 450 * 360 obj 25.94 2Robj 2 * 994 obj 25.94 m Robj (1 cos ) 994(1 cos ) 2 2 m 994(1 cos12.97) m 25.4 ft
18. A highway reconstruction project is being undertaken to reduce accident rates on the highway. The reconstruction involves a major re-alignment of the highway such that a 100kph design speed is attained. At one point on the highway, a 240m equal tangent crest vertical curve exists. Measurements show that, at 106m from the PVC, the vertical curve offset is 0.9m. Assess the adequacy of the existing curve in light of the reconstruction designs peed of 100kph and, if the existing curve is inadequate, compute a satisfactory curve length. Solution: Use K=52 from the table and take a correction on the Ans.
By Haile G. April 2022 Page 10 of 12
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By Haile G. April 2022 Page 11 of 12
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20. A descending grade of 6% and an ascending grade of 2% intersect at Sta 12 + 200 km
whose elevation is at 14.375 m. The two grades are to be connected by a parabolic curve, 160 m long. Find the elevation of the first quarter point on the curve. Solution: Method-1 Using the equation of the curve 𝒈𝟐 − 𝒈𝟏 𝟐 𝒚= 𝒙 + 𝒈𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑬𝒍𝒗. 𝑩𝑽𝑪 𝟐𝑳 L=160 m, L/2=80 m 𝑬𝒍𝒗. 𝑩𝑽𝑪 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔 ∗ 𝟖𝟎 =19.175 𝟐−(−𝟔) 𝑬𝒍𝒗. 𝒂𝒕 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟒𝟎𝟐 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔 ∗ 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟕𝟓=17.175 m
