Tour Travel Prelims Reviewer
Tour Travel Prelims Reviewer
Tour Travel Prelims Reviewer
Travel Agency - A commercial enterprise where a traveller can secure information and exper-
tise, get impartial counselling, and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point in the
world.
- Acts as an agent for different suppliers or providers of products and services.
THOMAS COOK
o Founded the agency by his name in November 1841
o Cook established 'inclusive independent travel.
o With John A Mason Cook, he formed a partnership and renamed the travel agency as Thomas
Cook and Son.
TOUR OPERATOR – an enterprise regularly engaged in the business of inbound and/or local tour
operation such as making online reservations, arranging and booking for transportation and accom-
modation, handling and/or conducting tours for a fee, commission, or any form of remuneration.
TRAVEL AGENCY – an enterprise regularly engaged in the business of providing services such as
reservations/bookings, documentation of travel papers, sales and/or issuance of tickets and selling
of outbound tours for a fee, commission, or any form of remuneration.
ADMINISTRATION - Deals with the day-to-day management activities of the company.
Has 4 functions:
General Administration
Personnel
Accounting
Finance
OPERATIONS
Core of the Travel Agency business
Engaged in the efficient and effective delivery of the organizations services.
For larger-sized TMCS operations are divided into 2:
1.Travel Operations
2.Tour Operations - This department has the following employees:
Travel Managers and supervisors
Reservations and ticketing officers and;
Liaison Officers
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
MISSION
The Department of Tourism (DOT) shall be the primary government agency charged with the re-
sponsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socioeconomic activity to gener-
ate foreign currency and employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both the private and
public-sector.
STRUCTURE
Office of the Secretary
The Office of the Secretary provides leadership, direction, and substance to the overall operations of
the Department. It formulates policies, plans , programs, rules, and regulations; reviews and evalu-
ates the performance of the Tourism Master Plan and advises the President on all matters affecting
the tourism program of the country.
In the performance of its functions, the DFPC shall have all the general powers of a corporation
established under the Corporation Code, in furtherance of its charter.
The DFPC shall have the exclusive authority to operate or franchise out stores and shops that
would sell, among others, duty. and tax - free merchandise, goods and articles, in international
airports and seaports, and in TEZs and ports of entry throughout the country in a manner that
(a) Is competitive with international standards;
(b) Effectively showcases Philippine culture, craftsmanship and industry; and
(c) Efficiently and effectively generates foreign exchange.
Republic Act No.6768 as amended by Republic Act No. 9174 " An act instituting a Balikbayan
Program"
The Balikbayan Law, in recognition of their contribution to the economy of the country through
the foreign exchange inflow and revenues that they generate provides Balikbayans with special
taxfree shopping privileges in governmentowned andcontrolled-operateddutyfree shops.
The law which is under the administration of the Department of Tourism includes a Kabuhayan
Shopping privilege allowing tax-exempt purchase of livelihood tools and the opportunity of avail-
ing the necessary training to enable the Balikbayans to become economically self-reliant mem-
bers of the society upon their return to the country.
The program shall likewise showcase competitive and outstanding Filipino-made products.
The local government in the Philippines is divided into three levels: provinces and independent
cities, component cities and municipalities, and barangays, all of which are collectively known as
local government units (LGUs).
In one area, above provinces and independent cities, is an autonomous region, the Bangsamoro
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
Below barangays in some cities and municipalities are sitios and puroks. All of these, with the ex-
ception of sitios and puroks, elect their own executives and legislatures. Sitios and puroks are of-
ten but not necessarily led by an elected barangay councilor.
Provinces and independent cities are organized into national government regions but those are
administrative regions and not separately governed are as with their own elected governments.
The LGU is empowered to regulate the establishment and operation of travel agencies in the context
of the stated paragraph.
“Regulate the establishment, operations and maintenance of cafes, restaurant, beer houses, hotels,
motels, inns, pension houses, lodging houses and other similar establishment including tourist
guides and transports.
What is the role of LGU in tourism? LGUs play a major role in a community's development,
provide the links between the people and government, address its community's problems and con-
cerns, enforce policies and hold influence over its communities.
Private Sector
Industry Suppliers
Lodging Industry
The hospitality industry encompasses a wide range of services and activities such as lodging, res-
taurants, food services, and convention centers. The lodging sector consists of hotels, motels, re-
sorts, and bed and breakfasts.
The Recreation and Entertainment industry includes myriad activities that range from bird
watching and salmon fishing to horseback riding, white water rafting, golfing, wilderness trekking and
educational visits to entertaining stops. Regardless of size, these venues need people to work in gift
shops and restaurants, as well as help maintain the facilities, manage the operations and promote
the attractions.
Attraction Industry
These are nature based or man made used for tourism product development. There are three main
types of attractions:
1. Natural attraction – are nature based like oceans, lakes, mountains, beaches, climate, wildlife,
rivers etc.
2. Cultural attractions – are secondary elements of attractions comprising the way of life of indige-
nous community in a particular area (natural setting) having not been highly affected by moderniza-
tion. The cultural elements include rural village, remote setting, architec-
ture,dress,art,handicraft,beliefs,religion,language,localfoodetc.
3. Special attractions – are tertiary element of attraction consisting of built environment by man
e.g. museums, entertainment centers, aquariums, athletic stadiums, theme parks, casinos and gam-
bling centers, zoos and orphanages. Hotels and camping sites can also be categorized as special
attraction.
Examples of recreation activities are walking, swimming, meditation, reading, playing games
and dancing.
Leisure refers to the free time that people can spend away from their everyday e.g. work and
domestic tasks) to rest, relax and enjoy life.
Travel Agent
Travel agents help their clients make travel plans. In addition to booking reservations, they assist
customers in choosing their destination, transportation, and lodging and inform travellers of pass-
port and visa requirements, rates of currency exchange, and import duties.
Wholesale travel agents specialize in organizing tours and then selling them to retail travel agen-
cies who in turn, sell on to travellers. Many tours also include optional side trips and activities
that have to be planned carefully. Wholesale travel agents must have good marketing skills to
interest retail travel agents in the tours they have developed.
Retail travel agents offer advice to the general public. They provide travellers with timetables and
travel literature, compute fare costs and make reservations, and sell tours developed by the
wholesale travel organisations. In large travel agencies, agents may specialise in specific geo-
graphic areas; in smaller agencies, travel agents have a broader range of responsibilities.
Features of Travel Agents
1. It serves as a link between the leading travel suppliers and the travel agency
2. Negotiates with travel suppliers at the best prices for most reservations.
3. It combines various elements of travel such as hotels, airplanes, trains, and land travel to create
a package trip.
4. Thus, the travel agents research the visitors’ preferences to determine the changing trends. It
markets and promotes its products through advertising, etc. to increase sales volume.
Travel agents sell the holiday package purchased from different tour operators. Tour operators
take care of the clients according to the package description like airport pick up, meal facilities,
sightseeing, offering other travel destinations, etc.
Tour operators are often specialized in one, or very few countries. But travel agents can deal with
most destinations.
A travel agent earns less profit, usually a small mark up or commission based on the travel
they’re booking. Tour operators have the potential to earn a huge profit, as they set their own
price tag.
Travel agents can’t work without the help of tour operators. But tour operators can work without a
travel agency being that people are now more likely to contact tour operators directly for a holi-
day package.
There are different kinds of training programs available to start a travel agency. In comparison,
the tour operator requires proper business management skills.
Travel agents can give advice about travel documents like passports, visas etc. Tour operators
are great for advice about legalities on the ground (like if you’re an e juice user and want to know
where you can smoke, or if you have tattoos and want to know if they’re taboo in certain coun-
tries).
1. An Intermediary Travel Agency: This type of travel agency undertakes as intermediary to act for
another, in obtaining either a journey or a sojourn possible in return for the price for the services.
2. An Organizing agency : An organizing Travel Agency undertakes to arrange for the general pub-
lic , a journey or sojourn comprising a series of services.
On the basis of FUNCTIONS
Retail Travel agency:
Retailing mean to sell in small quantity of product / service to the end users. Retailing refers to all
or any the transactions which involve sale of products or services to the last word consumers. A
retail travel agency is a middleman between producers and tourists who procures goods from the
producers /wholesalers and sells it to the final consumers.
They form a vital link in the channel of distribution of products/ services because without travel
agency the products/ services would not sell nor would it is possible for consumers to buy ser-
vices of their choice. They have a way stronger personal relation with the consumers and deal
directly with the people of various tastes and temperaments.
They form the last link in the chain of distribution and give the final selling price to the product/
service. Thus, the retail travel agencies provide important services and solve the problems of the
producers and wholesalers on one hand and the tourists on the other hand.]
National: agency is serving the requirements of shoppers nationwide. In fact, when a trav-
el company conducts its affairs in its home country is thought as national agency. A national
agency is commonly taxed differently than a distant agency and should be required to pay duties
or fees on the importation of its products/ services. Typically, a national agency is in a position to
work business in other states or other parts of the country as per the articles of association.
Regional: when a agency is working at regional level is usually called regional agency.
These travel agencies are specialized in certain countries and offer both leisure and business
products/ services.
On the idea of Number of OUTLETS:
Multiples: Multiples travel agencies are those travel agencies which operate nationwide
and owned by large agency. These travel agencies are large scale and think about package holi-
days. These travel agencies have a sequence of establishments spread throughout the country
under one name. Thus, these travel agencies have a large number of clients.
Mintiples: Mintiples travel agencies target a selected region with multiple business line.
These travel agencies have number of branches scattered throughout the local area but some-
times operate under different trade names. These have head offices and will acquire independ-
ent firms to show them into one in all their outlets.
Independent Agencies: Independent travel agencies usually cater for a special or niche
market. Independent agencies have one outlet and frequently specialized in niche markets.
These travel agencies and frequently small travel agencies and specialized in certain products or
certain suppliers like eco-tour package, adventure tour package or others.
On the idea of BUSINESS SIZE TRAVEL AGENCIES are often categories like:
Small Scale Travel Agency: the little scale travel agencies are those agencies which treat
small scale, restricted to a little segment of the tourism market and to a narrow range of products.
Small scale travel agencies are very large in number but account for atiny low portion of the over-
all retail tourism business.
Medium Scale Travel Agency: Medium-scale agency business is that the outgrowth of a suc-
cessful small scale agency. A agency business with 50 or fewer employees is mostly considered
small, while one with 50-150 employees is taken into account to be medium-sized.
Large scale Travel Agency: Large scale agency is that business operation whose operates
at large scale, having an outsized segment of the market and have a good range of products/
services.
TYPES OF TOURISTS
Organizational Structure Of Travel/Tour Company
Destination knowledge.
Travel agents uncover new destinations and are constantly on the lookout for the best trips and
travel recommendations.
Likewise, they are the best resources to contact when looking to book unique places to stay inthe
USA and beyond!
Not only do travel agents travel the world to serve as a resource for their clients, but they have
an abundance of other travel-related resources to answer your questions quickly and correctly.
Their recommendations cater to various travel purposes, whether it be family, group, or multi-
generational leisure or business-related travel.
Convenience
Travel agents offer the convenience of having every aspect of your vacation or trip pulled togeth-
er in one comprehensive plan.
This includes researching and suggesting destinations, as well as arranging for flights, accom-
modations, airport transportation, and excursions.
By doing so, all of the guesswork is taken out of these selections and your final details will be
available in one hub of information provided to you by your travel agent.
Cost savings
Many people might be hesitant to work with a travel agent because they think itwill cost them ex-
tra money.
They may also assume that they’ll spend more money working with a travel agent than when
booking vacations on their own.
The fact is that travelers do not pay more for vacations when working with a travel agent and in-
stead, often save more money than they would ifbooking online.
Not only do travel agents have access to exclusive deals, but they keep track of current vacation
promotions, can advise you on the best time to book, as well as calculate the value of what you
will receive.
Relationships
The relationship you’ll form with your travel agent, as well as their relationships with other agents,
are two of the benefits of using a travel agent.
Through getting to know you, a travel agent will honor your personal vacation requests and hand-
pick its details to tailor to your needs.
The relationships that travel agents have with properties and other travel professionals will get
you into incredible experiences and save you from unknowns.
Travel assistance
One of the best benefits of using a travel agent is the travel assistance that you will get in work-
ing with an actual person, versus the Internet.
During our recent family vacation to Mexico, our travel agent was able to help our large group
deal with last-minute flight changes and staggered arrival times.
The personalized attention that we received was an essential component to the success and
overall enjoyment of the trip.
Quite simply, when working with a travel agent, they take care of everything.
From the moment you set foot in the destination to the moment you touch the ground back home,
dedicated travel assistance is an undeniable benefit of using a travel agent.
Decreased stress
Another one of the top benefits of using a travel agent is that they always have your back!
Travel agents exist to assist their clients in making travel as smooth and as stress-free as possi-
ble. In the rare case that something on a trip doesn’t go as planned, travel agents are there to
resolve the problem, so that you can continue to relax and enjoy.
Not only that, but self-directed internet searches provide overwhelming amounts of information.
To make a trip extra special it’s best to have someone who knows how to connect all that infor-
mation and turn it into an itinerary that is seamless and stress-free.