PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE

2/22/2023
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 1
Performance
Indicator
✓ State the Pascals Principles
✓ Application of Pascal’s Principles in
hydraulic systems.

2/22/2023
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 2
Pascal’s principle
States that pressure applied
anywhere in a confined
incompressible fluid is
transmitted equally in all
directions throughout the fluid.
❖ Mathematically;

𝑭 = 𝑷𝑨
Where; F = force applied

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P = pressure transmitted
A = cross-sectional area

Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -

Hydraulic lift
(system)
Hydraulic lifts work on a basic principle: to go up, 𝑑1 𝐴2
a pump pushes oil into the cylinder, pushing
the piston (which pushes the lift car) up. To go 𝐴1
down, the valve opens and oil is allowed to flow
back into the reservoir, and is pushed back using
the gravitational force of the lift car.
𝐹2

2/22/2023
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 4
Hydraulic jack
❖ A hydraulic jack is a device that is used to lift heavy loads by applying a force
via a hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic jacks lift loads using the force created by the
pressure in the cylinder chamber.
❖ A hydraulic jack creates pressure by moving oil through two cylinders via a
pump plunger. The pump plunger is drawn back, which opens the suction valve
and draws oil into the pump chamber. As the plunger is pushed down, the oil is
transported through an external discharge valve and into the cylinder chamber.
The suction valve then closes, resulting in pressure being built up within the
chamber; causing the piston in the chamber to rise and lift your heavy object.

2/22/2023
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 5
Hydraulic break
❖ The brake pedal is connected to the master cylinder located within the engine
compartment. The cylinder is filled with brake fluid. When you push down the brake
pedal, hydraulic pressure is created in the master cylinder, brake fluid is pressurized along
a series of brake pipes and hoses to the hydraulically activated pistons in each wheel's hub
assembly that force the friction material on your pads or shoes on to rotating parts, and
that's what stops your car. There are two types of brake assembly commonly available –
disc brakes and drum brakes.

2/22/2023
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 6
How break works

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Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
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Exercises
1. A hydraulic press has an input cylinder 1 cm in diameter and an output cylinder 6 cm in
diameter.
a) Assuming 100% efficiency, find the force exerted by the output piston when a force of 10 kg is
applied to the input piston.
b) If the input piston is moved through 4 inches, how far is the output piston moved?

2. A hydraulic system is said to have a mechanical advantage of 40. Mechanical advantage

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c) the radius of the output piston
d) the distance the output piston moves
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 8
More exercise for HW
3. What pressure does a 130kg woman exert on the floor when she balances on one of her heels? Her
heels have an average radius of 0.15cm .
4. A car has a weight of 2500 kg and rests on four tires, each having a surface area of contact with the
ground of 14 square centimeter. What is the pressure the ground experiences beneath the tires that is
due to the car?

5. The input and output pistons of a hydraulic jack are respectively 1 cm and 4 cm in diameter. A lever
with a mechanical advantage of 6 is used to apply force to the input piston. How much mass can the
jack lift if a force of 180 N is applied to the lever and efficiency is 80%?
[ Mechanical advantage (MA) is FR (output) / FE (input). In general, the IMA = the resistance force, Fr,

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divided by the effort force, Fe. IMA also equals the distance over which the effort is applied, de, divided
by the distance the load travels, 𝑑𝑟 ]
Presented by Semion Omba @ SOGERI NSOE -
2023 9