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Chapter 3 RESEARCH

This document discusses different sampling techniques used in statistical analysis. It outlines two main types of sampling: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling techniques give all members of a population an equal chance of being selected and include random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling. Non-probability sampling does not give all members an equal chance and includes quota sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Specific methods are described for each technique.

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721 views2 pages

Chapter 3 RESEARCH

This document discusses different sampling techniques used in statistical analysis. It outlines two main types of sampling: probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling techniques give all members of a population an equal chance of being selected and include random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling. Non-probability sampling does not give all members an equal chance and includes quota sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Specific methods are described for each technique.

Uploaded by

JpAguirre
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IC 101 STATISTICAL METHODS

Chapter 3: SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sampling is the process of selecting a representative of the population in which everyone in


the population is given a chance to become a member of the sample. There are two types of
sampling techniques:

PROBABILITY SAMPLING and NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING.

1. Probability sampling. These sampling techniques make use of the “chance process” in
selecting the sample of the study. It gives all members of the population a known and equal
chance of being part in the sample. In other words, the selection of individuals does not affect
the chance of anyone else in the population being selected.

2. Non-probability sampling does not give everyone an equal chance of being selected to be
part of the sample. Non-probability sampling procedures are much less desirable, as they will
almost certainly contain sampling biases.

Some of the methods under non-probability sampling are Quota, Convenience, and
Purposive sampling.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING

1.1. Random sampling


Every member of the population is given an equal chance of being selected. This is also called
the lottery or the fishbowl method. Simple random sampling uses scientific calculator or
computer program to generate a random number or a table of random numbers to select the
numbers for the elements to include in the sample.

1.2. Systematic Skip Sampling


Elements are listed numerically and then every “kth” element from the list is selected from a
randomly selected starting point.
Procedures: Objects or individuals are arranged in some ways such as alphabetical or
numerical, a random starting point can be selected and then every kth element encountered
thereafter becomes a sample.

1.3. Stratified Random Sampling


It is a method where the population is divided into sub-groups (called strata) based on some
well-known characteristics of the population, such as age, gender or socio-economic status;
then take a random sample from each stratum.
The selection of elements is then made separately from within each stratum, usually by random
or systematic sampling methods. The number of samples per strata may be equal or
proportional.
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1.4. Cluster Sampling


In this method, the researcher divides the population into groups, or clusters.
Elements within a cluster are heterogeneous or are dissimilar. Select clusters at random then
use all units in the selected clusters as the sample.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

2.1. Quota Sampling


Selection is done according to pre-determined quotas. Each person gathering observations is
given a specified number of elements to sample. The decision as to who to interview is usually
left to the discretion of the interviewer.

2.2. Convenience Sampling.


Available individuals are used in the study.
Example: A teacher who will use one section under her tutelage as the object of her
study.

2.3. Purposive Sampling


Deliberate selection of individuals is done for the study. The researcher is allowed to use his
own discretion as to which individuals will fit the requirements or the purpose of the study.
Example: Consider the research on “The Lifestyle of Filipino Women Married to Asian
Men”. Only Filipino women who are married to men from Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, etc. can
be considered as sample to this study.

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