VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590018

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
BUS PASS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

BY
ASHIKA ASHIKA C SALIAN
4MT19CS029 4MT19CS030

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for 5th semester

DBMS LABORATORY WITH MINI PROJECT (18CSL58)

Under the guidance of

Ms. Jyothi GN Mrs. Roopitha CH

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

(Accredited by NBA)
MANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Badaga, Mijar, Moodbidri-574225
2021-2022
 MANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade, An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institution
(A Unit of Rajalaxmi Education Trust®, Mangalore - 575001)
Affiliated to V.T.U., Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
(Accredited by NBA)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project entitled “Bus Pass Management System” is a
Bonafede work carried out by ASHIKA (4MT19CS029) and ASHIKA C SALIAN(4MT19CS030)
in partial fulfillment for the requirement of 5th semester DBMS Laboratory with mini project
(18CSL58). It is certified that all the corrections / suggestions indicated for the
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The mini project has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of the 18CSL58
prescribed for the 5 t h Semester B.E in Computer Science & Engineering Program
by the Visvesvaraya Technological University , Belagavi , for the academic year
2021 – 2022.

………………………… ………………………… …………………………

Ms. Jyothi GN Mrs. Roopitha CH Prof. Ravinarayana B
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Associate Professor & HOD
MITE, Moodabidri MITE, Moodabidri MITE, Moodabidri

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1. ………………………….. ……………………………..

2. ………………………….. ………………………………
 ABSTRACT
Students are issued with bus pass to travel by college bus from one place to another, usually
apply for bus pass which is issued to them at the concessional rates. Bus pass is a card entitling
the holder to travel by bus typically for a particular period of time. This system is a web
application that will manage the records of pass which is issue by bus administrative. Even
though there is a lot of technology development there isn’t any official Application or website
for Bus Pass Registration and Renewal. Hence, as per the existing system of college, students
had to do each and every process manually, but this system helps people to make the work a bit
faster admin can register for the Bus Pass over the Internet. Hence, there is a need of reformation
of the formal system with more advantages. Because of the drawbacks that are present in the
existing system, this idea would help students in a better way. Students can view the bus pass
over the Internet, this solves the issue of bus ticket being misplaced or stolen.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any significant task is the outcome of invaluable aggregate
combination of different people in radial direction explicitly and implicitly. We would therefore
take opportunity to thank and express our gratitude to all those without whom the completion of
project would not be possible.

We express our thanks to Ms. Jyothi GN, Assistant Professor and Mrs. Roopitha CH, Assistant
Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering for having provided all the
facilities that helped us in timely completion of this report.

We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Ravinarayana B, Associate Professor, Head of the
Department, Computer Science and Engineering for his support and guidance.

We would like to thank Dr. M S Ganesha Prasad, Principal, Mangalore Institute of Technology
and Engineering, Moodabidri for his support and encouragement.

I express my sincere gratitude to our institution and management for providing us with good
infrastructure, laboratory facilities, qualified and inspiring staffs, and whose guidance was of
immense help in completion of this seminar successfully.

Ashika
4MT19CS029

Ashika C Salian
4MT19CS030
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract… .................................................................................i
Acknowledgement… ................................................................. ii

1. INTRODUCTION 1-3
1.1 Problem Statement 1
1.2 Objective 2
1.3 SQL 2
1.4 PHP 2
1.5 HTML5 2
1.6 CSS3 2
2. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICATION 3-4
2.1 Functional Requirements 3
2.1.1 Admin 3
2.1.2 Student 4
2.2 Non-Functional Requirements 4
3. SYSTEM DESIGN 6-10
3.1 ER DIAGRAM 6
3.2 SCHEMA DIAGRAM 7
3.3 DESCRIPTION OF TABLES 8
3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 9
3.5 FLOW CHART 10
4. IMPLEMENTATION 11-15
4.1 Code Snippets 11
5. TESTING 16-19
5.1 Testing Process 16
5.1.1 Unit Testing 16
5.1.2 Integration Testing 16
5.1.3 System Testing 17
5.2 Test Cases 17

6. SNAPSHOTS 19-21
7. CONCLUSION 22
REFERENCES 23
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sl No TITLE PAGE NO.

Figure 3.1 ER Diagram of Bus Pass System 6

Figure 3.2 Schema diagram of Bus pass System 7
Figure 3.3 Block Diagram of Bus Pass System 9
Figure 3.4 Flowchart of Bus Pass System 10
Figure 4.1.1 Code Snippet of connection module 11
Figure 4.1.2 Code Snippet of Login module 12
Figure 4.1.3 Code Snippet of Delete Module 12
Figure 4.1.4 Code snippet of Add Student Module 13
Figure 4.1.5 Code Snippet of View Module 14
Figure 4.1.6 Code Snippet of Update Module 15
Figure 6.1 Screenshot of homepage 19
Figure 6.2 Screenshot of Student register 19
Figure 6.3 Screenshot of Admin Login 20
Figure 6.4 Screenshot of Add Location 20
Figure 6.5 Screenshot of View Pass 21
Figure 6.6 Screenshot of View list 21
 LIST OF TABLES

SL NO TITLE PAGE NO

Table 5.2.1 Test case for login 17

Table 5.2.2 Test case for register 17
Table 5.2.3 Test case to check available of pass 18
 Bus Pass Management System

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The “Bus Pass Management System” is a web-based technology that will manage the records of
pass which is issue by administrative and also help to provide online bus pass to people who need to
travel daily. Bus Pass Management System is helpful to bus administrative by reducing the paper
work, time consumption and makes a process of getting bus pass as a simple and fast. The Software
powered by PHP assures clear and efficient services to the agency. This easy-to-operate system
helps to access and modify user details, provides efficient printing facility. The software is designed
to provide Reliable and error free information. The database is driven by MySQL thus providing
portability. Then students can process further by logging into the system and most importantly,
students will be able to apply for pass-through this online platform. In the bus pass application, as
every pass has a specific time period to use and the pass gets expired after that time period, the
student has to renew the pass to continue the use of the pass for transportation. This system gives
the facility to renew the pass in this system itself. It does not just give students the usefulness to
apply for a pass but also provides an easy way to renew the bus pass. Just like application for pass
and renewal of pass, payments are made easy as well. Students can make payments online without
needing to visit the counter for payments. Also, students can track the status of his/her pass like
when is it active or expired or when is the due date. The administrator will have the access to check
all the activities. The administrator will manage the routes in the route management module of the
admin panel. This will allow adding the route details. After registering the route, this can be edited
also by the admin. The administrator will have the access to check all the activities. This will allow
adding the route details. After registering the route, this can be edited also by the admin. And
according to the need, this route record can be deleted from the system.
1.1 Problem Statement
In college, students who travel by college bus are issued with bus pass. This system excludes
students standing in long queues for issuing passes which is time consuming. Passes are physical
made slips of paper not digital card. Managing a college bus pass records on papers will be tedious
and difficult to keep track of bus pass details with regards to the route, valid date, bus number.
Significant amount of time is allocated for searching and retrieving the pass details of the students in
the manual process. Cards are digitalized using this system.

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1.2 Objective
• To track all the information of the pass of the students.
• To track all the information of the college buses.
• To show the information and description of the passes.

1.3 SQL
SQL is a language for relational database. SQL is a non-procedural i.e., when we use SQL, we
specify what we want to be done not how to do it. SQL is an interactive query language and it is
database administration language. SQL is also database programming language. SQL is a
client/server language and SQL is a distributed database language, also it is a database gateway
language.

1.4 PHP
PHP is a widely-used, open-source scripting language PHP scripts are executed on the server It is
free to download and use it files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code. PHP code
are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML, PHP files have
extension ".php”. PHP can generate dynamic page content, it can create, open, read, write, delete,
and close files on the server and it can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML.
You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as
XHTML and XML.

1.5 HTML5
HTML5 is the latest and most well adopted standard of Hyper Text Markup Language. It is still an
essential component of web applications, and even sometimes modern desktop and mobile
applications. Familiarity with the HTML5 specification is an important skill that all front-end web
developers must possess. It can be assisted by technologies such as cascading sheets (CSS) and
scripting language such as java script.HTML5 describes the structure of a web page semantically
and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

1.6 CSS3
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is a standard style sheet language used for describing the
presentation of the web pages. There are lot more things you can do with CSS. You can easily apply
same style rules on multiple elements. Can control the presentation of multiple pages of a website
with a single style sheet. Can alter the display of existing HTML elements.CSS Save Lots of time.

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Chapter 2
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICATION
2.1 Functional Requirements
These are statements of services the system should provide, how the system should react to
particular inputs and how the system should behave in particular situations. In some cases, the
functional requirements may also explicitly state what the system should not do. The functional
requirements for a system describe what the system should do. These requirements depend on the
type of software being developed, the expected users of the software and the general approach taken
by the organization when writing requirements. When expressed as user requirements, the
requirements are usually described in an abstract way. However, functional system requirements
describe the system function in detail, its inputs and outputs, exceptions, and so on. Functional
requirements for a software system may be expressed in a number of ways. In this section we will
discuss about the different requirements of different users. The main users of this system can be
characterized into 2 types as follows:

1. Admin: Authorized person who controls the system.

2. Students: College students who view their pass.

2.1.1 Admin

Login:
When admin logs in to the system, it is through admin category from Login button in the homepage
then it has to enter the login details in the specific username and password fields. It then clicks on
the Login button, if username and password are validated then is given access to the application and
admin profile is displayed.

Students registered:
Admin can view all the pass profiles that are registered in the application through the “View Pass”
options in his dashboard.

Bus and location details:

Admin can view all the bus available in college and their route and bus timings in his dashboard.

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2.1.2 Students

View pass:
Students can view their passes to check the valid date of pass and timings of the bus at their
location.

2.2 Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements are requirements that are not directly concerned with the specific
functions delivered by the system. They may relate to emergent system properties such as reliability,
response time and store occupancy. Alternatively, they may define constraints on the system such as
the capabilities of I/O devices and the data representations used in system interfaces. The plan for
implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing
non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture. Non-functional requirements are
often called qualities of a system. Other terms for non-functional requirements are “constraints”,
“quality attributes”, “quality goals”, “quality of service requirements” and “non-behavioral
requirements”. Qualities, that are non-functional requirements, can be divided into two main
categories: Execution qualities, such as security and usability, which are observable at run time.

Reliability:
• The user can operate the system since it has user friendly and easy to use interface.
• It provides correct results with minimum expenditure of time and effort.
Consistency:
• he system retains the data of the pass.
• There’s no case of redundancy in the database so it will not take any extra memory space.

Performance:
• Better component design to get better performance at peak time.
• The database used here is robust, reliable and fast so, users will have to wait for output for a
short time

Security:
• Secure access of the user by username and password.

• This application is secure for every kind of its users, because if any user logout from any
session, then nobody will be able access his profile without knowing his confidential password.

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 Bus Pass Management System

Hardare requirements
• Processor : Intel i3/i5,1.8GHz machine or above
• Main memory : 4GB RAM or more.
• Hard disk drive : 1TB

Software requirements
• Operating System : Windows 7 and higher
• Front end : HTML, CSS, JavaScript
• Back end : PHP, SQL.
• Software : Sublime Text, XAMPP.

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Chapter 3
SYSTEM DESIGN
System Design process partitions the system into subsystems based on the requirements. It
establishes overall system architecture and is concerned with identifying various components,
specifying relationships among components, specifying software structure, maintaining a record of
design decisions and providing a blue print for the implementation phase. Design consists of
architecture design and detailed design is concerned with the details of how to package processing
modules and how to implement the processing algorithms, data structures and interconnections
among modules and data structures.

3.1 ER DIAGRAM
An entity relationship model describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of
knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types and specifies relationships that can exist
between entities.

Figure 3.1 ER Diagram of Bus Pass Managements System.

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In the Figure 3.1, Entity-Relation diagram for Bus pass Management System, consider the login relation
which has two entity admin_name and admin_pass. admin_name is the primary key. Student
relation has six entity that are usn, s_name, s_location, e-mail, phone and join_date, usn is primary
key in it and it has 1:1 relationship with pass entity i.e., 1 student is provided with 1 pass. It has 1: 1
relationship with bus i.e., 1 student travels in one bus. pass has fees, pass_id, usn, join_date,
valid_till and bus_number where pass_id is primary key. In bus entity we have BUS_NO as a
primary key it has 1: N relationship with pass i.e., one bus can have N passes. In fee_details
blocation is considered as primary key, it has N:N relationship with bus.

3.2 SCHEMA DIAGRAM

A schema diagram is a diagram which contains entities and the attributes that will define that
schema. A schema diagram only shows us the database design. It does not show the actual data of
the database. Schema can be a single table or it can have more than one table which is related.

Figure 3.2 Schema diagram of Bus Pass Management System

In the Figure 3.2, login relation has two entity that is admin_name and admin_pass. admin_name is
the primary key. In relation student the entities are sname, usn, email, phone, join_date slocation
and gender. usn is the primary key. In relation pass, the entity is pass_id, usn, join_date, valid_date,
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bus_no, fees where pass_id is the primary key and usn is the foreign key referenced to student table.
In relation bus bus_no, driver_name, bus_route are the entities and bus_no is the primary key. In
fee_details, relation bus_no, blocation, fees, bus_timing, distance, are entity and blocation is
primary key and bus_no is foreign key referenced to bus relation.

3.3 Description of Tables

The database consists of five tables
1. admin_login: Stores the admin login credentials.
o admin_name: Primary key and contains username of the admin.
o admin_pass: contains admins account password.
2. student: Stores details of student
o usn: Primary key and contains university seat number of the student.
o sname: Name of the student
o join_date: Stores joining date of student.
o email: stores email id of the student.
o phone: contact info of the student.
o slocation: contains address of the student.
o gender: contains gender of the student.
3. pass: Stores pass details of the particular student
o pass_id: Primary key and contains unique pass id.
o usn: contains usn of student to whom the pass belongs to and foreign key referenced to
student table.
o join_date: contains join date of student.
o bus_no: contains bus number in which the student travels and foreign key referenced to
bus table.
o valid_till: contains due date of the pass.
o fees: contains the fees amount the student is supposed to pay for particular location.
4. bus: Stores the bus details
o bus_no: Primary key and contains bus number.

o driver_name: contains driver name

o bus_route: contains route of bus.

5. fee_details: Stores the fee and location details

o blocation: Primary key and contains unique id of the company.

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 Bus Pass Management System

o bus_no: contains number of the bus.

o fees: contains the fees amount the student is supposed to pay for particular location.
o distance: contains distance of particular location from college.
o bus_timing: contains time the bus reaches the particular location.

3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM

A Block diagram is a visual representation of a system that uses simple, labelled blocks that
represent single or multiple items, entities or concepts, connected by lines to show relationships
between them.

Figure 3.3 Block Diagram of Bus Pass Management System

In the Figure 3.3 there are two user that are admin and student who has to login. The students have
provision to check their passes whereas admin has provisions to add, view, delete, update the
content of the passes, bus and location. After that they both can logout out of the portal.

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3.5 FLOW CHART

A Flow diagram shows the way information flows through a process or system. It includes data
inputs and outputs, data stores, and the various subprocesses the data moves through. Data flow
diagrams visually represent systems and processes that would be hard to describe in a chunk of text.
Data flow diagram is a structure analysis tool that used for graphical representation of Data process
through any organization. The data flow approach emphasizes on the logic underlying the system by
using combination of few symbols. It follows a top-down approach.

Figure 3.4 Flowchart of Bus Pass Management System

In the Figure 3.4 the flowchart emphasizes the working of user and admin. Admin logs in the system
enters the required changes for the system and views the data. Student logs into the system and views
their pass

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Chapter 4
IMPLEMENTATION
PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed for web
development, and also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code may be
embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems,
web content management systems, and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP
interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which
may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be
executed with a command-line interface and can be used to implement standalone graphical
applications. This project uses HTML as front-end tool. Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) is
the standard mark-up language for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript, it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the world wide web.
Web browser receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the
documents into multimedia web pages.HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically
and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.HTML elements are the building
blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms
may be embedded into the rendered page.HTML provides a means to create structured documents
by structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other
items.HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Browsers do not display
the HTML tags, but use them to interrupt the content of the page.

4.1 Code Snippet

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","bus");
if(mysqli_connect_error())
{
echo "cannot connect to database";
}

?>

Code Snippet 4.1.1 of connection module

Code snippets in Figure 4.1.1 is used for connecting purpose. This is used to connect back end and
front end. If the connection fails then a message occurs saying could not connect.

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<?php
require('../includes/conn.php');
if(isset($_POST['Signin'])){
$query="SELECT * FROM `admin_login` WHERE
`admin_name`='$_POST[AdminName]' AND `admin_pass`='$_POST[AdminPass]'";
$result=mysqli_query($con,$query);
if(mysqli_num_rows($result)==1){ session_start();
$_SESSION['AdminLoginId']=$_POST['AdminName'];
header("location: dashboard.php");}
else{echo "<script>alert('Incorrect password!')</script>";}}?>

Code Snippet 4.1.2 of Login Module

Code snippet in the Figure 4.1.2 is used for Login purpose. This is used to check the username and
password inserted by admin with the admin login table of database.

<?php
require('../includes/conn.php');
session_start();
if(!isset($_SESSION['AdminLoginId']))
{
header("location:login.php");
}
$idtd=$_GET['PASS_ID'];
$selecteusn="SELECT USN FROM pass WHERE PASS_ID=$idtd";
$seres=mysqli_query($con,$selecteusn);
$rss=mysqli_fetch_assoc($seres);
$selectedusn=$rss['USN'];

$deletequery="DELETE FROM `student` WHERE USN='$selectedusn'";

$query=mysqli_query($con,$deletequery);
if($query==1){
echo "<script>alert('record deleted succesfully')</script>";
header("location:UpdateOrDelete.php");
}
else{
echo "<script>alert('Record not deleted!!')</script>";
header("location:UpdateOrDelete.php");
}
?>

Code snippet 4.1.3 of delete Module

Code snippet in the Figure 4.1.3 is used for Deletion purpose. This is used by admin to delete the
required details. On successful deletion it returns appropriate message saying deletion successful.

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<?php
require('../includes/conn.php');
session_start();
$resultset=mysqli_query($con,$locdrop);
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
$name = $_POST['name'];
$usn = $_POST['usn'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$phone = $_POST['phone'];
$join_date = $_POST['join_date'];
$location = $_POST['location'];
$gender = $_POST['gender'];
$valid_date=date_create($join_date);

$valid_till=date_add($valid_date,date_interval_create_from_date_string("
180 days"));
$validtill=date_format($valid_till,'Y-m-d');
if(empty($name) || empty($usn) || empty($email) || empty($phone)
||
empty($join_date) || empty($location) || empty($gender)){
die();
echo "<script>alert('all fields required')</script>";
}
$insertquery = "INSERT INTO student(SNAME , USN, EMAIL, PHONE,
JOIN_DATE, SLOCATION, GENDER) VALUES
('$name','$usn','$email','$phone','$join_date','$location','$gender')";
$res=mysqli_query($con,$insertquery);

$selectquery = "SELECT `BUS_NO` FROM `fee_details` WHERE

`BLOCATION`='$location'";
$selres=mysqli_query($con,$selectquery);
$rs=mysqli_fetch_assoc($selres);
$busnum=$rs['BUS_NO'];
if($res==1){
$insert = "INSERT INTO `pass`(`PASS_ID`, `USN`, `JOIN_DATE`,
`BUS_NO`, `VALID_TILL`,`FEES`)
VALUES
('','$usn','$join_date','$busnum','$validtill','$selectedfee')";
$result=mysqli_query($con,$insert);
if($result==1){
echo "<script>alert('Record insert
successfully')</script>";
}

}?>

Code Snippet 4.1.4 of Add Student module

Code snippet in Figure 4.1.4 is used for Adding new student. This is used to store the values
inserted by user into the student table of database. If student already exists in table, it returns
appropriate message saying student exists.

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<h1>PASS LIST</h1>
<div class="center-div">
<div class="table-responsive">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>usn</th>
<th>join_date</th>
<th>bus_no</th>
<th>valid_till</th>
<th colspan="2">operation</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<ttbody>
<?php
$selectquery="SELECT * FROM pass";
$query=mysqli_query($con,$selectquery);
$nums=mysqli_num_rows($query);
while($res=mysqli_fetch_array($query)){
?>
<tr>
<td><?php echo $res['PASS_ID'];?></td>
<td><span class="email-style"><?php echo
$res['USN'];?></span></td>
<td><?php echo $res['JOIN_DATE'];?></td>
<td><?php echo $res['BUS_NO'];?></td>
<td><?php echo $res['VALID_TILL'];?></td>
<td><a href="Update.php?PASS_ID=<?php echo
$res['PASS_ID']?>" data-toggle="tooltip" data-
placement="bottom"title="UPDATE">
<i class="fa fa-edit" ariana-
hidden="true"></i></a></td>
<td><a href="delete.php?PASS_ID=<?php echo
$res['PASS_ID']?>" data-toggle="tooltip" data-
placement="bottom"title="DELETE">
<i class="fa fa-trash" ariana-
hidden="true"></i></a></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
?>
</ttbody>
</table>
</div>

Code snippet 4.1.5 of View Module

Code snippet in the figure 4.1.5 is used for View purpose. This is used to provide a view of the
pass If pass is not available, it returns appropriate message saying no pass is available

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<?php
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
$idupdate=$_GET['PASS_ID'];
$name = $_POST['name'];
$usn = $_POST['usn'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$phone = $_POST['phone'];
$join_date = $_POST['join_date'];
$location = $_POST['location'];
$gender = $_POST['gender'];

$valid_date=date_create($join_date);

$valid_till=date_add($valid_date,date_interval_create_from_date_string("
180 days"));

$validtill=date_format($valid_till,'Y-m-d');
$updatequery="UPDATE `student` SET `SNAME`='$name',`USN`='$usn',

`EMAIL`='$email',`PHONE`='$phone',`JOIN_DATE`='$join_date',`SLOCATION`='
$location',`GENDER`='$gender' WHERE `USN`='$selectedusn'";
$res=mysqli_query($con,$updatequery);
if($res==1){
$update = "UPDATE `pass` SET `USN`='$usn',

`JOIN_DATE`='$join_date',`BUS_NO`='$busnum',`VALID_TILL`='$validtill',`F
EES`='$selectedfee' WHERE `PASS_ID`={$ids}";

$result=mysqli_query($con,$update);
if($result==1){
echo
"<script>alert('Record updated successfully')</script>";
}

?>

Code Snippet 4.1.6 of Update Module

Code snippet in the Figure 4.1.6 is used for Update purpose. This is used to update the required
field of the pass.

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Chapter 5
TESTING
Software testing is the process of used to identify the correctness, security, completeness and quality
of developed computer software. This includes the process of executing the program or applications
with the intent of finding errors. An individual unit, functions or procedures of developed project is
verified and validated and these units are fit for use.

5.1 Testing process

Best testing process is to test each subsystem separately, as we have done in project. Best done
during implementation. Best done after small sub-steps of the implementation rather than large
chunks. Once each lowest level unit has been tested, units are combined with related units and
retested in combination. This proceeds hierarchically bottom-up until the entire system is tested as a
whole. Typical levels of testing:

⚫ Module- package, abstract data type, class

⚫ Sub-system- collection of related modules, cluster of classes, method-message paths
⚫ Acceptance testing- whole system with real data (involve customer, user, etc.) Alpha testing is
acceptance testing with a single client (common for bespoke systems).
Beta testing involves distributing system to potential customers to use and provide feedback. In this
project, beta testing has been followed. This exposes system to situations and errors that might not
be anticipated by us.

5.1.1 Unit testing

Unit testing is the process of testing individual software components unit or modules. Since it needs
the detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code this task is done by the programmer
and not by testers.

5.1.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing is another aspect of testing that is generally done in order to uncover errors
associated with the flow of data across interfaces. The unit-tested modules are grouped together
andtested in small segment, which makes it easier to isolate and correct errors. This approach is
continued until we have integrated all modules to form the system as a whole. After the completion
of each module, it has been combined with the remaining module to ensure that the project is
working properly as expected.

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5.1.3 System Testing

System testing tests a completely integrated system to verify that it meets its requirements. After
the completion of the entire module, they are combined together to test whether the entire
project is working properly.

5.2 Test Cases

A Test Case is a software testing document, which consists of events, action, input, output, expected
result and actual result. Technically a test case includes test description, procedure, expected result
and remarks. Test cases should be based primarily on the software requirements and developed to
verify correct functionality and to establish conditions that reveal potential errors.

Test cases no Test Case Expected results Status

1 Logging into User id and password Successful

website
provided correct
2 Logging into User id incorrect Unsuccessful
website
3 Logging into Password Incorrect Unsuccessful
website

4 Logging into Any field left Unsuccessful

website empty

Table 5.2.1 Test Case for Login

Table 5.2.1 represents the test case for login module. It shows both successful and unsuccessful
results for the test cases
Test Case Expected results Status
Test cases no
1 Registration for new student All details provided Successful
correctly
2 Registration for new student Any field is incorrect Unsuccessful

3 Registration for new student Any field left empty Unsuccessful

Table 5.2.2 Test Case for Registering new student

Table 5.2.2 represents the test case for add student module. It shows both successful and unsuccessful and
unsuccessful results for the test cases.

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Test cases no Test Case Expected results Status

1 Searching for the Provided usn correctly Successfull

pass

2 Searching for the Provided usn Unsuccessfull

pass incorrectly

3 Search for the pass Field left empty Unsuccessful

Table 5.2.3 Test Case to check availability of the pass

Table 5.2.3 represents the test case to check the available of the pass. It shows both successful
and unsuccessful results for the test cases.

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Chapter 6
SNAPSHOTS

Figure 6.1 Screenshot of homepage

Figure 6.1 indicates the home page. This contains navigation bar, through which you can navigate to
other pages. It also contains some details about the website at the home page.

Figure 6.2 Screenshot of student register

Figure 6.2 indicates the student register page. This contains registration form, through which admin
can add details of new student.

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Figure 6.3 Screenshot of Admin Login

Figure 6.3 indicates the user login page. This contains login form, through which existing admin
is able to log in to the portal.

Figure 6.4 Screenshot of Add location module

Figure 6.4 indicates the add location page. This contains form, through which existing admin is able
to access add new locations.

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Figure 6.5 Screenshot of View Pass

Figure 6.5 indicates the view pass page. This contains bus, location and student details which can be
viewed by students at any time.

Figure 6.6 Screenshot of view list

Figure 6.6 indicates the view list page. This contains pass, bus, and location through which admin is
able to update or delete details of lists in the database.

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Chapter 7
CONCLUSION
Bus Pass Management System provides user-friendly interface for managing the information of the
student details who travels in college bus. Few features of this project are its simplicity, accuracy, and its
user-friendly interface. This system incorporates all the features and facilities provided by the Visual
Studio software. This project has been developed to manage the entire working of the Pass
administrative. This software simplifies and replaces all the manual effort and the paper works done by
the administrative is done electronically. There is not much training required to operate this system as it
is easy to operate, even the students can find their bus passes without any error and delay.

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REFERENCES
[1] Fundamentals of database system, Ramiz Elmar, Sri Shamkanth B 7th edition,2017, Pearson.
[2] https://www.w3schools.com/html
[3] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/index.html

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