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Le présent simple
Le présent simple (present simple en anglais) est le premier temps que nous apprenons en anglais. Le
présent simple désigne un fait, une habitude, une routine, une opinion… Bref, une vérité générale.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
I Work Am Have Do Go
Exemples :
Le présent continu
Le présent continu (present continuous) est une action qui a lieu dans le moment présent, et qui n'est pas
encore achevée.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
We Are working Are being Are having Are doing Are going
You Are working Are being Are having Are doing Are going
They Are working Are being Are having Are doing Are going
Exemples :
Le prétérit simple
Le prétérit simple (past simple) est une action qui est terminée, et qui n'a pas de lien avec le présent. C'est
un temps souvent utilisé pour raconter une histoire.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
Exemples :
Le prétérit progressif
Le prétérit progressif (past continuous) est une action en cours qui s'est déroulée dans le passé. L'action se
déroule avant un élément déclencheur qui se situe dans le passé.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
I Was working Was being Was having Was doing Was going
You Were working Were being Were having Were doing Were going
He / She / It Was working Was being Was having Was doing Was going
We Were working Were being Were having Were doing Were going
You Were working Were being Were having Were doing Were going
They Were working Were being Were having Were doing Were going
Exemples :
I was working when the Notre Dame fire started. : J'étais en train de travailler lorsque l'incendie
de Notre Dame a commencé.
You were being chased by a thief when the police came.: Vous étiez en train de vous faire
poursuivre par un voleur lorsque la police est venue.
He was having a nap when the boss called him. : Il était en train de faire une sieste lorsque son
patron l'a appelé.
They were still doing their homework when their dad came home. : Ils étaient toujours en train
de faire leurs devoirs lorsque leur père est arrive à la maison.
We were going to call you when you knocked at the door. : Nous étions sur le point de t'appeler
lorsque tu as frappé à la porte.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
I Have worked Have been Have had Have done Have gone
You Have worked Have been Have had Have done Have gone
He / She / It Has worked Has been Has had Has done Has gone
We Have worked Have been Have had Have done Have gone
You Have worked Have been Have had Have done Have gone
They Have worked Have been Have had Have done Have gone
Exemples :
I have worked as a secretary for 3 years: J'ai travaillé en tant que secrétaire pendant 3 ans.
You have been unsubscribed from this newsletter for 2 weeks.: Cela fait 2 semaines que vous
avez été désinscrit à la newsletter.
He has had two books published in the last few years. : Il a publié 2 livres au cours de ces
dernières années.
They have done nothing to finish their homework on time. : Ils n'ont rien fait pour finir leurs
devoirs à temps.
We have gone from 2% to 5%. : Nous sommes passés de 2 à 5%.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
I Have been working Have been being Have been having Have been doing Have been going
You Have been working Have been being Have been having Have been doing Have been going
He / She / It Has been working Has been being Has been having Has been doing Has been going
We Have been working Have been being Have been having Have been doing Have been going
You Have been working Have been being Have been having Have been doing Have been going
They Have been working Have been being Have been having Have been doing Have been going
Exemples :
I have been working as a secretary for 3 years now: Cela fait 3 ans que je travaille en temps que
secrétaire.
What have you been doing lately? : Qu'avez-vous fait dernièrement ?
They have been going to the gym for a while now. Cela fait un certain temps qu'ils vont à la salle
de sport.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
I Had worked Had been Had had Had done Had gone
You Had worked Had been Had had Had done Had gone
He / She / It Had worked Had been Had had Had done Had gone
We Had worked Had been Had had Had done Had gone
You Had worked Had been Had had Had done Had gone
They Had worked Had been Had had Had done Had gone
Exemples :
I could feel how hard they had worked on this projet. : J'ai pu ressentir à quel point ils ont
travaillé dur dans ce projet.
You had studied hard before the exam: Tu avais beaucoup étudié avant l'examen.
The exam had started when I arrived: L'examen avait commence lorsque je suis arrivé.
I wish they had done this sooner. J'aurais aimé qu'ils aient fait ça plus tôt.
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
I Had been working Had been being Had been having Had been doing Had been going
You Had been working Had been being Had been having Had been doing Had been going
He / She / It Had been working Had been being Had been having Had been doing Had been going
We Had been working Had been being Had been having Had been doing Had been going
You Had been working Had been being Had been having Had been doing Had been going
They Had been working Had been being Had been having Had been doing Had been going
Exemples :
Le futur est une action qui se déroule à l'avenir, sans lien direct vers le présent.
Conjugaison : will + infinitif
To Work To Be To Have To Do To Go
Exemples :
I will work as a teacher starting from January. Je travaillerai en tant que professeur à partir de
Janvier.
I will be at the train station at 3pm. Je serai à la gare à 15h.
I will have a glass of wine, please. Je voudrais un verre de vin, s'il vous plait.
I will do the homework for you if you want. Je ferai les devoirs pour toi sit tu veux.
I will go to the beach tomorrow. J'irai à la plage demain.
Be Going To / To Be About To
Cette forme particulière du futur indique des intentions, et des prédictions basées sur le présent. C'est une
action qui est sur le point d'être arrivée.
Conjugaison :
o verbe To Be conjugué + Going To + Infinitif
o verbe To Be conjugué + About To + Infinitif
Exemples :
We're going to have ice cream for dinner. Nous aurons de la glace pour dîner.
I'm about to go to the grocey store. Do you want to come with me? Je vais aller au supermaché.
Veux-tu venir avec moi ?
Exemples :
This time next week, I'll be working on my dissertation. Dans exactement une semaine, je serai en
train de travailler sur mon mémoire.
Exemples :
I will have finished this report by 6pm. J'aurai fini ce rapport avant 18h. CONJUGUER LES
TEMPS DU FUTUR
Il y a plusieurs manières de parler au futur en anglais, selon que l’on souhaite parler d’un évènement
certain, d’une prévision, d’une possibilité. Deux manières principales de parler du futur existent dans la
grammaire anglaise.
LE FUTUR SIMPLE
WILL
La manière la plus simple de parler au futur en anglais est d’utiliser le mot « will », qui est marqueur
du futur, dans une phrase. Pour cela il suffit de placer « will » entre la personne et le verbe. Cela donne
ainsi « I will go », à toutes les personnes, sans exception.
Si à l’inverse, on souhaite dire qu’une action ne va pas se réaliser au futur, il faut utiliser la formule « will
not » qui de façon contractée donne « won’t ».
Mais le propre du futur est d’être incertain et de soulever des questions. Ainsi à la forme interrogative le
futur, on fait comme d’habitude en inversant « will » et la personne.
Will you be there? : Seras-tu là-bas ?
Il y a une règle d’importance à connaître pour former une proposition de temps au futur.
SHALL
En lisant de la littérature anglaise ou en parcourant vos documents juridiques et administratifs en anglais,
vous pourrez faire la rencontre du terme « shall ». Ce mot, tombé en désuétude dans le langage courant, a le
même sens et la même utilisation que « will », mais qui met l’accent sur la dimension d’offre, de
suggestion et de conseil.
LE FUTUR PROCHE
LA STRUCTURE BE + ING + TO
Quand on souhaite exprimer le fait que l’action va se produire avec certitude dans un avenir proche, on
peut avoir recours à la structure BE + -ing – to. Elle met l’accent sur une idée de continuité.
Quelle que soit la personne qui est soumises à cette future action, la forme ne change pas.
L’impératif est un mode qui, comme son nom l’indique, est utilisé pour exprimer un ordre, donner un
conseil ou encore une recommandation, qui se dirige vers le futur. Attention toutefois à ne pas
s’emmêler les pinceaux, l’impératif n’est pas un temps mais un mode. Cela évoque une manière de parler
mais pas une temporalité, même si l’action qui est mise à l’impératif fait dans la plupart des cas référence au
futur.
En français, ce mode se forme sur la deuxième personne du singulier et du pluriel. En anglais c’est
plus simple encore, car il se construit sur l’infinitif.
L’IMPÉRATIF POSITIF
L’impératif positif permet de donner un ordre ou une recommandation. Ce mode ne laisse aucune place
au doute, puisque l’interlocuteur comprend alors qu’il doit absolument réaliser cette action.
Listen! Ecoute !
Keep quiet! Restez sage !
Stop crying : Arrête de pleurer.
On peut aussi ajouter « do » devant la base verbale pour insister sur l’ordre donné ou la proposition
évoquée.
Lorsque vous voulez vous impliquez dans l’action, utilisez la formule « let’s » qui est la contraction
anglaise de « let us ». Puisque des exemples sont plus parlants que de longs discours, voici comme utiliser
cette forme.
Pour donner une intensité supplémentaire à l’ordre ou à l’interdiction, il est possible d’utiliser des adverbes
de fréquence avant le verbe à l’impératif :
Always keep an eye on the children when they’re playing outside. Garde toujours un oeil sur les
enfants quand ils jouent dehors.
Never tell a lie. Ne dis jamais de mensonges.
L’IMPÉRATIF NÉGATIF
L’impératif peut aussi être employé à la forme négative.