ACD Case Write Up

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ACD Distribution, Inc.

Case Write-Up

Abena Akuffo-Akoto
September 9, 2022

ACD Distribution, Inc. was created as a ‘fantasy’ or ‘comic’ role-playing game products distributor

in a niche industry. He exploited an arbitrage opportunity when he bought a popular card game called

‘Magic’ and resold it profiting from the margins. At its inception, ACD functioned as a secondary

distributor allowing it to carry a small inventory and serve as backup to the larger industry distributors.

In this way they created value in several ways. First, in efficient activities and processes and captured this

value in low operational costs. For instance, Kummer ran the business out of his college dorm room and

staffed it with friends and other students. After operating for a while, ACD had expanded, carrying

15,000 SKUs and a staff of about 40 employees. Second, ACD created value in low coordination costs

and captured the value in long-term relationships with the retail stores. They operated out of one

warehouse using fax, telephone, or email for orders. The orders were then shipped commercially to

retail stores keeping coordination costs down. The captured value is evident in Kummer growing the

business to almost $15 million in sales within 8 years.

Kummer is now grappling with the long term viability of the business. I believe that the business

is viable in the long term with the proper adjustments to operations. The business has thus far made a

profit every year of operation [See Exhibit 1 Gross Profit]. The cost of operations has remained relatively

low at 3.87x in 2002 while industry average sat at 3.8x and cash on hand/liquid is decent. In 2003, the

company had a working capital at $2.41 million. This positive working capital indicates that a company

can fund its current operations and invest in future activities and growth. These are tangible value that

make long term viability a real possibility for ACD.

Due to their transition to primary distributor, ACD is going to have to adjust their operations a bit

to meet the increased demand and inventory requirements. Expansion may be the solution to this

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challenge. ACD should expand to the West Coast to capture new customers and better service current

customers. ACD is currently exposed to one major customer. To reduce this exposure, it would be a good

idea to expand to the West Coast and gain additional customers. By adding a West Coast operation, they

will greatly improve their delivery time from 5 to 2 days in most cases. Fast service in this particular

industry is critical as customer interests are highly volatile. Expansion to the West Coast will come with

obvious increased costs but with the type of cash and profits ACD has, this should be possible.

Additionally, their biggest competitor Alliance has a presence on the West Coast and to be able to

compete, ACD will have to match them on location as much as they can.

ACD could be a formidable player in this industry if it is able to compete with Alliance. If ACD can

expand operations to the West Coast, meet the increased demand and inventory requirements, they will

be formidable. The West Coast market appears to be relatively large and growing. I would even go so far

as to say merging with some of the smaller players to increase ACD’s market share should also be

considered. This consolidation would attract larger retail stores and raise the profile of ACD. ACD could

raise some of the funds for an expansion by finding efficiencies in the current operations and due to

their good financial position appeal to investors or banks. The downside would be the dilution of

Kummer’s ownership interests, and the new investors would need him to account for inventory decisions

differently. If Kummer decides he doesn’t want to deal with the downside of outside cash infusion, he

could always start his West Coast expansion as he did in the Midwest from a small cheap location until

he builds significant clientele and operations. I believe expanding operations to the West Coast is

essential for his next steps to grow ACD.

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