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    RE Lec#7&8

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    Waleed Tayyab
    This document summarizes key concepts in radiation dosimetry including: 1) How beta radiation intensity decreases with depth in an absorbing medium based on beta absorption coefficients. 2) Calculations for the energy fluence rate and dose rate to basal skin cells from surface contamination by a beta-emitting radionuclide. 3) Equations to calculate the energy fluence rate and dose at various depths from a plane beta-emitting contaminated surface. 4) Formulas for determining submersion dose inside an infinite cloud of a radionuclide and dose to the skin from one-sided irradiation. 5) The rate of energy emission and absorption in an infinitely thick volume source

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    RE Lec#7&8

    Uploaded by

    Waleed Tayyab
    22 views12 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts in radiation dosimetry including: 1) How beta radiation intensity decreases with depth in an absorbing medium based on beta absorption coefficients. 2) Calculations for the energy fluence rate and dose rate to basal skin cells from surface contamination by a beta-emitting radionuclide. 3) Equations to calculate the energy fluence rate and dose at various depths from a plane beta-emitting contaminated surface. 4) Formulas for determining submersion dose inside an infinite cloud of a radionuclide and dose to the skin from one-sided irradiation. 5) The rate of energy emission and absorption in an infinitely thick volume source

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    RE_Lec#7&8

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    This document summarizes key concepts in radiation dosimetry including: 1) How beta radiation intensity decreases with depth in an absorbing medium based on beta absorption coefficients. 2) Calculations for the energy fluence rate and dose rate to basal skin cells from surface contamination by a beta-emitting radionuclide. 3) Equations to calculate the energy fluence rate and dose at various depths from a plane beta-emitting contaminated surface. 4) Formulas for determining submersion dose inside an infinite cloud of a radionuclide and dose to the skin from one-sided irradiation. 5) The rate of energy emission and absorption in an infinitely thick volume source

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views12 pages

    RE Lec#7&8

    Uploaded by

    Waleed Tayyab
    This document summarizes key concepts in radiation dosimetry including: 1) How beta radiation intensity decreases with depth in an absorbing medium based on beta absorption coefficients. 2) Calculations for the energy fluence rate and dose rate to basal skin cells from surface contamination by a beta-emitting radionuclide. 3) Equations to calculate the energy fluence rate and dose at various depths from a plane beta-emitting contaminated surface. 4) Formulas for determining submersion dose inside an infinite cloud of a radionuclide and dose to the skin from one-sided irradiation. 5) The rate of energy emission and absorption in an infinitely thick volume source

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    of 12

    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Class Lecture # 7&8


    Radiation Dosimetry

    Dr. M. Sohail
    09-07-2021 (Summer Semester)
    Department of Nuclear Engineering
    Email: [email protected]

    DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Beta Radiation
     Beta intensity decreases with increasing depth into an
    absorbing medium

    where
    ϕ = intensity at depth t,
    ϕ0 = initial intensity, and
    μβ = beta absorption coefficient and
    μβ,a (air) = 16 (Em − 0.036)−1.4 cm2/g
    μβ,t (tissue) = 18.6 (Em − 0.036)−1.37 cm2/g

    Em maximum beta energy


    2 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Skin Contamination
     Skin contamination with a radionuclide

     Assuming that 50% of the radiation goes down into the


    skin and 50% goes up and leaves the skin

     Contamination level of 1 Bq/cm2 with mean beta


    energy is <E> MeV

    3 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Skin Contamination cont’d..


     The energy fluence rate, ϕb, to basal cells at a depth of
    0.007 g/cm2 in the skin

     Energy Fluence rate = Flux × Energy

    ϕb, J/cm2/h = 1 Bq/cm2 × 1 tps/Bq × 0.5 × <E> MeV/t × 1.6 ×


    10−13 J/MeV × 3.6 × 103s/h × e −(μβ,t cm2/g × 0.007 g/cm2)

     The dose rate to the basal cells, dDb/dt, is

    dDb/dt = (ϕbJ/cm2-h × μβ,t cm2/g)/10−6 J/g/mGy

    dDb/dt = 2.9 × 10−4<E> × μβ,t × e −(μβ,t×0.007)mGy/h

    4 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Dose from Surface Contamination


     Plane beta-emitting surface in contaminated area

     Consider surface concentration Ca Bq/cm2

     Assume that 50% of the betas go up from the surface


    and 50% go down into the surface

     Fraction of downward directed betas are back


    scattered

    5 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Dose from Surface Contamination cont’d..


     The energy fluence rate at the contaminated surface,
    ϕ0(E )

     Assuming that 25% of the beta energy is backscattered,


    i.e. fb = 1.25

    ϕ0 J/cm2h= Ca Bq/cm2 × 1tps/Bq× 0.5 × fb × <E> MeV/t


    ×1.6 × 10−13 J /MeV × 3.6 × 103 s/h

    ϕ0 = 3.6 × 10−10 × Ca × <E> J/cm2/h

    6 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Dose from Surface Contamination cont’d..


     At a height d above the center of the contaminated
    surface

    ϕd =3.6 × 10−10 × Ca × <E> × e−(μβ,a×d) J/cm2/h


     Energy fluence rate to the basal cells
    ϕb = ϕd ×e−(μβ,t cm2/g×0.007 g/cm2) J/cm2/h

    dDb/dt , mGy/h= (ϕb J/cm2-h × μβ,t cm2/g) /10−6 /g/mGy


    dDb/dt = 3.6 × 10−4 × Ca × <E> × e−(μβ,a×d) × e−(μβ,t
    cm2/g×0.007 g/cm2) mGy/h

    7 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Submersion Dose
     Inside an infinite cloud of C Bq/m3 of radionuclide

     Rate of energy emission = Rate of energy absorption

     Combining the constants

    8 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Submersion Dose cont’d..


     The skin of a person in an infinite medium is irradiated
    from one side only

     Soft tissue absorbs about 10% more energy per


    kilogram

    and

    9 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Volume Source
     Consider infinitely thick (thickness ≥ beta range)
    volume source

     Rate of energy emission = Rate of energy absorption

     The concentration of a beta emitter Cv Bq/kg whose


    mean energy is <E> MeV/beta

    10 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Volume Source
     Dose rate inside the infinite volume is given by

    11 DNE
    NE-507 Radiological Engineering

    Volume Source
     The surface of an “infinitely thick” volume source is
    irradiated from one side only

     If there are fi betas per transformation of <Ei> MeV


    each

    12 DNE

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