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com/5fxu653a

Budgeting and
Planning and
Financial Aspects
of Educational
Planning
Prepared by:
Christine Jean B. Engalan
Lourgen S. Fajardo
Budgeting and Planning
and Financial Aspects of
Educational Planning
Course No. MAED 203

Course Description Educational Planning and Policy Making

Units 3 units
Semester/School 2nd Semester/ 2021-2022
Year
Instructor Gladys L. Lagura Ed.D
Topic Overview This module focuses on budgeting & planning and financial aspects of educational
planning. It introduces learners to the important factors of school budgeting and
educational planning and aids them with competencies required in preparing a
substantial School Financial Plan and grasp the important role of school manager in the
budget administration.

In order to gain competency in this module, this module has been structured in 2 lessons
as follows:
Lesson 1: Budgeting and Planning
Lesson 2: Financial Aspects of Educational Planning

At the completion of this module, learners should be able to:

➢ explain the concept of budget, school budget and budgeting.
➢ discuss ten of budgeting decision making process as noted by Adeogun (2004).
➢ identify three major plans involved in the preparation of the school budget as
enunciated by Ikediugwu (2007).
➢ itemize five basic questions a good budget plan should have.
➢ identify and elaborate factors that should be considered in planning and preparing
a school budget.
➢ define financial management, and educational planning
➢ identify the principles of financial management in education;
➢ discuss the importance of financial management in educational planning;
➢ create an action plan

2
 Table of Contents

Module Overview 4

Lesson 1 Budgeting and Planning……………………………...…..... 5

Lesson 2 Financial Aspects of Educational Planning……………….. 16

Module Summary 27

3
Module Overview

Budgeting and Planning

and Financial Aspects of
This module focuses on budgeting &
Educational Planning planning and financial aspects of educational
planning. It introduces learners to the important
factors of school budgeting and educational
planning and aids them with competencies
required in preparing a substantial School
Financial Plan and grasp the important role of
school manager in the budget administration.

In order to gain competency in this module, this

module has been structured in 2 lessons as
follows:
Lesson 1: Budgeting and Planning
Lesson 2: Financial Aspects of Educational
Planning

At the completion of this module, learners should

be able to:
➢ explain the concept of budget, school budget
and budgeting.
https://tinyurl.com/5fxu653a
➢ discuss ten of budgeting decision making
process as noted by Adeogun (2004).
➢ identify three major plans involved in the
preparation of the school budget as
enunciated by Ikediugwu (2007).
➢ itemize five basic questions a good budget
plan should have.
➢ identify and elaborate factors that should be
considered in planning and preparing a
school budget.
➢ define financial management, and educational
planning
➢ identify the principles of financial
management in education;
➢ discuss the importance of financial
management in educational planning;
➢ create an action plan

4
LESSON 1

Budgeting and
Planning

5
Lesson 1 Overview
In this lesson
➢ Explain the concept of budget,
school budget and budgeting.
➢ Discuss ten of budgeting
decision making process as
noted by Adeogun (2004). This lesson focuses on budgeting &
planning. It introduces learners to the important
➢ Identify three major plans
factors of school budgeting and educational
involved in the preparation of the planning and aids them with competencies
school budget as enunciated by required in preparing a substantial School
Ikediugwu (2007). Financial Plan and grasp the important role of
➢ Itemize five basic questions a school manager in the budget administration.
good budget plan should have.
➢ Identify and elaborate factors At the completion of this module, learners should
that should be considered in be able to:
planning and preparing a school ➢ explain the concept of budget, school budget
and budgeting;
budget.
➢ discuss ten of budgeting decision making
process as noted by Adeogun (2004);
➢ identify three major plans involved in the
preparation of the school budget as
enunciated by Ikediugwu (2007);
➢ itemize five basic questions a good budget
plan should have; and
➢ identify and elaborate factors that should be
considered in planning and preparing a
school budget.

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Lesson 1
Budgeting and Planning

Objectives
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At the completion of this lesson, you should be able to: https://tinyurl.com/4abyzx7k

➢ define budgeting;
➢ understand the concept and steps of budgeting process;
➢ identify the principles and considerations in preparing the educational
budgeting;
➢ make a school financial/ budget plan.

Awareness
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Activity: ACROSTIC
Instruction: Present your idea about budgeting by making an acrostic which you think
relates to the word “SCHOOL BUDGET” or “BUDGETTING”.

S B
C U
H D
O G
O E
L T

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 Activity
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Planning, Budgeting, School Budgeting

Instructions: Using the Three Way Venn Diagram, compare and contrast Budget, Budgeting, and
School Budgeting. In the outer circles, write things about them that are different. In the center
circles, write the things that are alike.

Analysis
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• How do you find the activity?

• What do you understand planning, budgeting, and school budgeting?
• How are they similar, different, and related with each other?
• Is this topic relevant to you? Why?

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 Abstraction
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WHAT IS A BUDGET?
The word `budget’ came from a French word `bougette’ meaning little bag. In Britain, the word was
used to describe the leather bag in which the chancellor of the exchanger used to carry to the
parliament; the statement of government needs and sources as opined by Omolehinwa (2005). After
several thoughts of consensus, Omolehinwa continued, the budget became the document contained
in the bags which represent plan of government expressed in money and submitted to the
legislatives for approval.

BUDGETING
Budgeting is the translation of program, projects and activities into their resource requirements
which are expressed in monetary financial terms. It allocates resources to specific actions deemed
necessary to achieve predetermined objectives. Additionally, a time element is introduced within
which resources are made available and activities are to be carried out.

MEANING OF SCHOOL BUDGET AND BUDGETING

The school budget may be described as the process of preparing a statement of anticipated revenue
and the proposed expenditure over a period of time. In other words, it is a process of preparing a
summary of the programmes in the school that will be reflected by the expected revenue. According
to Griffin (1990), school budgeting as the preparation of school budget (financial plan) indicates the
total and composition of all expenditures and the sources from which all the intended expenditures
are expected to be financed in the course of the year. Corroborating this view Okunamiri in
Akinsolu (2008), describes school budgets as plans outlined for financing the education/ school
system for a given period aimed at translating objectives into reality. As such, it is the laid down
management plans in respect of the economic resources to be used and the utilities to be produce.

Given the fact that the school budget aids the institution in determining her educational and
financial policy, its effectiveness must consider the following:

- The preparation of the budget in such a manner as to provide an educational programme that
gives effect to previously educational policies;
- The budget document, which may be desired as systematic plan and statement that forecasts
the expenditures and revenue of a school system during a stated period of time;
- The presentation, consideration and adoption of the budget;
- The administration of the budget;
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- The appraisal of the budget.
MAJOR TYPES OF BUDGETING
1. Line-Item Budgeting
This used to be most widely used budgeting system. This system is not goal-oriented. The
budget merely consists of a listing of items every agency of the government to be funded. It
also contains statements of estimated receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year for which
it is intended based on the results of operation during the preceding year.

2. Performance Budgeting
It is a management-oriented system of budgeting which measures actual or estimated results
in terms of benefits accruing to the public and their unit costs. In contrast to the line-system
of budgeting, performance budgeting is based on receipts and expenditures but also includes
brief description of what is to be achieved after each item of expenditure. It is a goal-
oriented design.
STEPS ON BUDGETING PROCESS
1. Identification of programs, projects and activities to be implemented during the budget period.
These are largely drawn from the planning process wherein specific interventions are
formulated to respond to problems and issues and/or to attain specific targets.
2. Identification of resources- manpower, financial, physical and other resources required to
carry out the programs, projects, and activities and the quantities for each resource.
3. Costing of resources which would translate the resource requirement into their monetary
values.
4. Preparation of the budget in accordance with the mandated form and content out in guidelines
issued for this purpose.
5. Securing official authorized to allocate and use resources.

Lacey (1989) and Adeogun (2004) noted that budgeting decision making process takes the
steps of;
a) Determination of overall levels of spending;
b) Allocation of estimated available resources among sectors;
c) Responses to budget circular;
d) Preparation of draft budget document;
e) Approval of draft budget;
f) Preparation of final budget;
g) Consideration by the legislature (or similar body);
h) Release of fund;
i) Implementation of capital expenditure;
j) Procurement;
k) Monitoring and evaluation;
l) Cash management.
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PRINCIPLES OF BUDGETING
Educational managers who have the responsibility of budget preparation and development should
have a good knowledge of budgeting principles for an efficient and effective financial management.
Inability of some organizations and educational institutions to adopt the right principles and
processes in budgeting spells doom to their financial and managerial successes. Some of these
principles are as follows:
1. Be Conservative not Optimistic
Budgeting is future oriented and the school manager should guide against a high expectation of the
achievement of every aspect of what was budgeted. Given the fact that unexpected and
unpredictable events beyond control may crop up, there is a need to explore a strategy of
developing in the budget an additional expenses termed “contingencies”.
2. Team Work and Consultation
One of the most important principles of budgeting is that it requires team work and consultation.
Although one person may be responsible for the overall compilation of the budgets, one person
should not be responsible for all the work involved. The task of budgeting should be split and
allocated among these individuals who have the best chance of knowing what expenditure is likely
to be needed and what income is reasonable to expect. Involvement by many people in budgeting
might slow down the process, but the answer is far more likely to be accurate and dependable.
3. Allow Plenty of Time
Budgeting is inevitably time consuming. A good budget may be worked out for several weeks, if
not months, adding and changing figures as new information comes to light. For this reason,
budgeting process is lengthy because much research and consultation have to be carried out before
people involved in the process can be confident of the figures they supply.

4. Excellence in Documentation
It is very important that the authors of the budget strive to produce documents that can be read and
understood by anyone if budget working are unclear and figures are not clearly labeled, even the
author will as time passes, have trouble understanding where the figures come from and how the
calculations were made. It should be assumed that budgeting workings will be circulated to many
different people who may have lower levels of financial literacy, useful again in a year’s time when
the budgeting process begins again. Unless workings are well labeled it may be difficult to
remember.
5. Provide Training
Ensure that people who have a significant role in the budgeting process have a reasonable
understanding of the principles of budgeting, how it relates to the strategic and operational plans,
and how everyone must live with the consequences of the finalized budget in the year ahead.
Training need only, is a single meeting in which those who have experience of budgeting provide
knowledge to others involved who are less experienced.
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6. Get sign off
This is another one of the budgeting process which agrees to the final iteration of the budget. This
agreement by those involved is often referred to as “sign off”. In other words, those involved add their
signature to the final iteration of the budget. This ensures that there will be no argument later about
who agreed to what.

Source: www.leoisaac.combudget.com

The Principles of Budget Process

There are four major principles of a budget process and they are:
1. Establish broad goals to guide government and educational decision making; A government
should have broad goals that provide overall direction for the government and serve as a basis
for decision making.
2. Develop Approaches to Achieve Goals; A government should have specific policies, plans,
programmes and management strategies to define how it will achieve its long term goals.
3. Develop a budget consistent with approaches to achieve goals; A financial plan and budget that
moves towards achievement of goals, within the constraints of available resources should be
prepared and adopted.
4. Evaluate performance and make adjustments; Programme and financial performance should be
continually evaluated and adjustments made to encourage progress towards achieved goals.

IMPORTANT PLANS IN PREPARING A SCHOOL BUDGET

In educational institutions, the realization of desired educational objectives and goals depend largely
on the effective planning and management of school funds by the school administrators. Budgeting
process is a tactic employed in an efficient implementation of activities and programmes requiring
series of planning process.

The major plans involved in the preparation of the school budget as noted by Ikedugwu (2007) are;
1. The education plan which defines the policies of the school, its programme and activities as well
as other educational services to be carried out.
2. The expenditure plan which translates each educational programme and services into cost,
The financing plan which sets out the means of meeting the cost of the educational programme and
services.
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To ensure a prudential and judicious spending of funds and accountability, school managers
(Principal) should plan and prepare budget for their schools. A good budget plan should include
information on such basic questions as;

1. Who are to be educated and what type of education should be provided? What varieties of
educational programmes should be provided for junior and senior secondary schools?
2. What is the anticipated enrollment rate in each class or course programme?
3. What additional human and material resources should be needed within the budgeting period?
4. What will be the expected teacher student ratio?
5. Should the school plants be planned to serve both the community and the regularly organized
school programs?
6. What is the qualification the teachers should have?
7. What provision should be made for exceptional children and physically impaired?
8. What provisions should be made for clinical and guidance services?
9. What provision should be made for students’ transportation?
10. What provision should be made for boarding/hostel facilities?

The list is however inexhaustible, but decision must be made based on such related issues before a
budget that embraces educational plan is prepared. Moreover, Adesina and UNESCO in Akinsolu
(2008) specified that in planning and preparing school budget, the following should be considered;
Personnel, educational plan/programmes of the school, the expenditure plan, the financial plan, the
draft budget, and the final budget

PERSONNEL
Personnel include all individuals who will have responsibilities in the budgeting process and should
possess remarkable qualities to be able to effectively prepare the school budget. The educational
manager and planner must follow simple rules, standardize certain procedures, ensure personal
flexibility and must tailor all his approach in budgeting towards the school needs.

EDUCATIONAL PLAN/PROGRAMMES OF THE SCHOOL

Educational plan defines the policies of the school, its programmes and activities including other
educational services to be carried out. Budget provides a vehicle for transporting educational policies,
goals and programmes into financial resources plans. This implies that developing an instructional
plan to meet students’ performance goals should be directly linked to determining budgeting
allocations.

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THE EXPENDITURE PLANS
Every formal budget should specifically possess a statement of the educational programme in the form
of programmed budget and also show statement of receipts and expenditure. The expenditure plan has
as its function the responsibility of translating the educational programmes or service into cost. As
soon as educational programme is accepted, estimates can be prepared showing the possible costs. It
is important that the budget reflects as accurately as possible the funding needed to carry out the
proposed expenditure. The school head should neither overestimate the funds required nor under
estimate the budgeting needs.

THE FINANCIAL PLAN

The end product of the overall budgeting process is the financial plans. This shows all the sources of
income of the school. Meanwhile, it is important that school managers systematically state all the
problems they encounter in raising funds for various school programmes and projects.

THE DRAFT BUDGET

The draft budget is presented to a set of management teams or the budget committee on education, the
budget prepared will be reviewed in order to bring it within the probable financial ceiling.

THE FINAL BUDGET

A fully prepared budget emerges with supporting documentation and indications of output.
In addition to the already discussed six plans in the budget preparation is the “Revenue Plan”. The
revenue plan is the detailed estimates of the receipt which can be used in the financing of the
educational plan.

The classification of revenue receipts for educational institution or school system include; revenue
from local sources, tuition fees, equipment fees, Parents Teachers Association (P.T.A.) levies, other
revenue from local sources and revenue from federal sources.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE BUDGET

The budget must be centrally administered in other to keep the budget in balance. This is the
responsibility of the school manager who ensures that no expenditure should be incurred without his
preauthorization if the achievement of the entire educational plan could be made a reality. Moreover,
the budget should be at the bake and call of the school head. This implies that the budget cannot serve
as an instrument for the implementation of educational plans and programmes if it is not regularly
referred to and consulted. The budget should guide the co-ordination of all spending in the areas of
programme organization, employment of staff, supplies, construction and maintenance of buildings
and equipment and other school services. This will avoid over spending in some items while deficit
may be incurred in others. The detailed amounts budgeted for receipts and expenditure should be
entered into the account books or machine records for both receipt and expenditures.

Source: Ezeugbor, C.O. (2022). Principles and Practices of Budgeting in School Finance
Management [PDF File]. Available from www.academia.edu

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 Application
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Instruction: Make a plan and budget/budget plan of any of your school programs. You may use your
schools’ format.

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Assessment
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Instruction: Answer the questions comprehensively.

Questions
1. Explain these terms, budget, school budget and budgeting.
2. Discuss the five important factors that must be considered in a school budgeting process.
3. Outline and explain three major plans that are necessary for the preparation of the school
budget.
4. Highlight and discuss five types of budgeting bringing out carefully their importance in
school finance management
5. What significant role should a principal play in school budget administration?

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LESSON 2
Financial Aspects
of Educational
Planning

16
Lesson 2 Overview
In this module
▪ Financial Management and
Educational Planning
▪ Principles of Financial
Management in Education
▪ Educational Planning for Quality
Education
Since education is often a local issue,
which will require all governance levels to work
within contextualized plan to determine the best
utilization of resources provided by the
government along with the resources shared by the
local stakeholders that engage responsibly in
education and promotes sustainability to provide
inclusive and equitable quality learning
opportunities for all.

At the completion of this lesson, you should be

able to:
✓ define financial management, and educational
planning
✓ identify the principles of financial
management in education;
✓ discuss the importance of financial
management in educational planning;
✓ create an action plan.

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Lesson 2
Financial Aspects of Educational Planning

Objectives
https://tinyurl.com/52hna96j At the completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
✓ define financial management, and educational planning
✓ identify the principles of financial management in education;
✓ discuss the importance of financial management in educational planning;
✓ create an action plan.

What’s In
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Find the words from the grid. Write our answers in a ¼ sheet of paper.

Find the words

EDUCATION

SIP

MANAGEMENT

MOOE

BUDGET

INTEGRITY

PROCESS

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Activity
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Instruction:Using the given pictures above, identify the concepts that you can relate to financial
management and educational planning.

Financial Management Educational Planning

Process Question
1. What is the relationship of financial management in educational planning?

19
 Financial Aspects
of Educational
Planning

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Financial Planning
Financial planning is an The School Improvement Plan (SIP) forms a
essential part of good financial major building block for constructing the budget. It
management. It provides a school identifies the school’s educational priorities and
with a clear view of how it intends to usually has a strong focus on raising standards (or
use its resources. It has two maintaining high standards). It is important, therefore,
interrelated elements: the School that the School Improvement Plan indicates the
Improvement Plan and the school’s resource implications of each priority to guide
budget. decisions on the school’s budget.

The School Improvement Plan should reflect

Educational Planning the decisions made about the cost-effectiveness of the
options considered, and should indicate ways in which
Educational planning can be the progress of an initiative can be monitored. An
defined as ‘the process of setting out evaluation framework should also be built into school
in advance, strategies, policies, improvement plans to assess the success of each
procedures, programmes and initiative. A summary of ongoing spending also needs
standards through which an to be included in the improvement plan so that there is
educational objective (or set of a clear link between the school’s priorities and
objectives) can be achieved’. spending plans.
Educational planning is a
detailed and systematic process: it
just does not happen by chance. It is
goal-oriented: it is directed at
achieving a set educational
objectives.
20
Principles of Financial Management in Education

Consistency
Consistent use of Financial polices and procedures are for efficient operation. It implies
that an organization must refrain from changing its accounting policy unless on reasonable
grounds.

Transparency
Organization must be open about their work , providing information about activities and
plans to all stakeholders. This includes preparing accurate , complete and timely financial report.
Transparency principle means that the statement or information provided should be user friendly
and clear, everything should properly be disclosed, fully and freely available to public, and that
should be easily understandable.

Accountability
All stakeholders have the right to know how finance and other support are being used to
meet objectives. (Accountability is the moral and legal duty placed on an individual, group or
organization to explain how funds, equipment or authority given has been used).

Viability
To be financial viable, an organization spending must be kept in balance with the money
coming in, both at the operational and the strategic levels. Viability is a measure organization use
to determine their financial continuity and security.

Stewardship
Financial stewardship involves taking good care of the financial resources we are entrusted
with to make sure they are used for the purpose intended . In practice, organization achieve good
stewardship through strategic planning, assessing financial risks and setting up appropriate system
and control.

Integrity
The integrity of any organization financial records and reports are dependent on accuracy
and completeness of the its financial records. Integrity simply refers to the quality of being honest
and having strong moral principles.

Accounting Standards
The system of keeping financial records and documentation must be of international
accepted accounting standards and principles. Any accountant from any where around the world
should be able to understand an organization’s financial accounting system.

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21
 Financial Aspects
of Educational
Planning
(DepEd Budget 2021)

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Educational planning is one of the vital

In support of Article XIV, Section components in attaining quality basic education. Aligned
1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 4 of
which states “The State shall protect and the United Nations that seeks to ensure inclusive and
promote the right of all citizens to quality equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
education at all levels and shall take opportunities for all, DepED as the primary agency task
appropriate steps to make such education by the government to deliver basic educational services
accessible to all,” Section 5(5) of the said ensure that programs, projects and activities implemented
article mandates that “the State shall pass in a rigorous planning process. Before implementing
assign the highest budgeting priority to any programs, projects and activities related to education,
education.” With this, the Department of each plan is carefully crafted to the attainment of the
Education covers the biggest portion of department’s mission, vision and goals.
the General Appropriations Act (GAA).

For 2021, the Department of

Education - Office of the Secretary covers
13.18% of the National Budget.
Internally, the budget increased by PhP
41.12 B or 7.44% from the 2020 budget. https://tinyurl.com/rkrk3bdt
To ensure that all governance levels is prioritizing
The DepEd is grateful for the the needs of their clients; the learners, ladderized
continuous funding support from the planning is done to identify key priority area of
government in spite of the economic and improvements in line with fulfillment of the sustainable
health challenges brought by the development goals of education. The Central office of the
pandemic. The Department of Education department crafts the National Basic Education Plan
assures that it will utilize the given budget (NBEP), the regional office with Regional Education
to its maximum capacity to implement its Development Plan (REDP), the school’s division with
PAPs for FY 2021 in this challenging Division Education Development Plan (DEDP) and
period. schools with School Improvement Plan (SIP) all of this
plan should congruently agree on the measures and
priorities based on their local situation. 22
 Analysis
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Instruction:Fill in the diagram below

Process Question
1. What is the role of the principles of financial management in crafting an educational plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Among the principles of financial management in education, choose three (3) principles
you think are the most important. Explain each choice.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
 Abstraction
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DepEd thanks Pres. Duterte, Congress as education sector gets biggest hike in
2022 budget

January 4, 2022 – The Department of Education (DepEd) expressed its appreciation to President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte and the members of Congress after the education sector obtained the largest
increase in the approved 2022 General Appropriations Act (GAA).

Malacañang has announced that the education sector, which includes DepEd, SUCs, and CHED,
will receive the highest allocation with P788.5 billion, P36.8 billion higher, or a 4.9 percent
increase compared to last year’s budget.

“I would like to express my gratitude to President Duterte and Congress for the never-ending
support to raise the quality of education in the country. The increase in budget will certainly help
our reforms and initiatives to transform education amidst the pandemic,” Education Secretary
Leonor Magtolis Briones said.

In the GAA, P631.77 billion was officially allocated to DepEd at the bicameral level – a 6.34%
increase from the agency’s 2021 GAA at P594.11 billion. DepEd has initially proposed a total
P1.37 trillion budget for 2022.

The DepEd-Office of the Secretary has an allocation of P591.18 billion while the remainder will
be distributed to the DepEd’s six attached agencies, including the Early Childhood Care and
Development Council (ECCD Council), National Book Development Board (NBDB), National
Council for Children’s Television (NCCT), National Museum, Philippine High School for the
Arts (PHSA), and the newly-formed National Academy of Sports (NAS).

Some of DepEd’s major programs also saw increases, such as Learning Tools and Equipment
(P2.72-B), DepEd Computerization Program (P11.76-B), Basic Education Facilities (P5.94-B),
Last Mile Schools Program (P1.51-B), Madrasah Education Program (P356.83-M), and
Indigenous Peoples Education (P144.3-M).

Undersecretary for Finance Annalyn Sevilla noted that these increases would be vital in the
agency’s initiatives this year, including expanding the limited face-to-face classes nationwide
once the President gives his go-signal.

“We are confident that DepEd will be able to build on the progress of the BE-LCP with the
budget allocated to us for 2022. The additional funding would also be helpful on our
implementation of limited face-to-face classes in public schools,” Undersecretary Sevilla stated.

Usec. Sevilla also highlighted the special provision of increasing the Maintenance and Other
Operating Expenses (MOOE) threshold from P15,000 to P50,000, which will be a massive lift to
the field offices amid the pandemic challenges.

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 Abstraction
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Instruction: Answer the Social Analysis format base on the news report DepEd thanks Pres. Duterte,
Congress as education sector gets biggest hike in 2022 budget.
.

Social Analysis
DepEd thanks Pres. Duterte, Congress as education sector gets biggest hike in 2022 budget

A. Statement of the Issue

• What is the issue of the news?
• What did you feel while reading the news?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

B. Situation/Event Description
• What happen in the news you read?
• What do people experience in the current situation?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

C. Situation Analysis
• What are the events that have taken place that has prompted the current issue or
situation??
• What are the structured systems that affected the event that took place?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________

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 Application
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Suppose you are a School Head of a specific school, your school gets a poor evaluation feedback in terms of
Curriculum and Instruction specifically in school facilities like Computer laboratory, School Library and
School Clinic. What will be your plan of action?

School Development Plan

Goal Person/s involved Time-Frame Resources/Funds

Assessment
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Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

____1. This involves taking good care of the financial resources we are entrusted with to make sure
they are used for the purpose intended.
a. consistency b. integrity c. stewardship d. viability
____2. This refers to the moral and legal duty placed on an individual, group or organization to
explain how funds, equipment or authority given has been used.
a. Accountability b. integrity c. stewardship d. viability
____3. In what section and article of the 1987 Philippine Constitution stated “The State shall protect
and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps
to make such education accessible to all,” ?
a. Article I, Section 1 c. Article XII, Section 2
b. Article II, Section 2 d. Article XIV, Section 1
____4. The school plan that forms a major building block for constructing the budget is called______
a. Annual Implementation Plan (AIP) c. Monthly Disbursement Program (MDP)
b. Annual Procurement Plan (APP) d. School Improvement Plan (SIP) 26
 ____5. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 4 of the United Nations
a. No Poverty c. Zero Hunger
b. Quality Education d. Gender Equality

Discussion
In 3-5 sentences the importance of financial management in educational planning.

Module Summary

Budgeting in school stands to mean the fiscal interpretation of education programmes

involving how much the school plans to spend and how the expenditure is to be effected. For
any budgeting to be meaningful, it should undergo a budgeting process. In this process, the
revenue needed to actualize the school programmes and how to allocate them to minimize
friction, duplication and waste would be determined.
The actualization of educational objectives depends solely on efficient planning and
management of school funds. This lesson went ahead to fully discuss the imperative of
planning in preparing a school budget. The basic factors that must be considered which
include; personal educational plan, the expenditure plan, the draft budget and the final budget
formed part of the discuss.
The work succinctly showed that it is the responsibility of the school manager to
ensure adequate administration of the school budget. If this is set aside, the budget cannot by
any stroke of imagination serve as an instrument for the implementation of educational plans.
For budget to be effective, it should undergo some systematic steps in order that the school
head would have a se direction for the future.
Budgeting is made up of different types. Knowledge of these types as discussed here
will expose the meaning, advantages and disadvantages of such which will definitely guide
the manager in his choice of the type to adopt.
Financial planning is an essential part of good financial management. It provides a
school with a clear view of how it intends to use its resources. It has two interrelated
elements: the School Improvement Plan and the school’s budget. Financial planning in
educational planning goes hand in hand to attain long-term and short-term goals.

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