Kelompok 2

Present and Past
Perfect Tense
Kelompok 3
1. Agnes Hasianna Sitorus (02)
2. Dhea Gracia Nataline Silalahi (12)
3. Farel Yehezkiel Gultom (13)
4. Jeremia Hasudungan Marbun (17)
5. Tesa Rosari Sinaga (35)
1. Present Perfect
Tense
Definition
Present Perfect Tense

Present: Sekarang
Perfect: Sempurna atau Sudah Dilakukan
grammatical combination of the present tense
and perfect aspect that is used to express a
past event that has present consequences.

Characteristics
1. Using have or has for the 3rd actor which means
already
2. Using the third verb after the doer and have or has
3. Time has just happened or is still now, and is often not
spoken
Functions
Declare an event that has been
completed.
Example : I have swept the floor

Functions
Expressing something that happened from a
time in the past and still has something to
do with the present time.
Example : She has lived here since 1995

Pattern
Pola Kalimat Positif
S + Have/Has + V3 + O/Adv

Example: He has bought the clothes.

Pattern
Pola Kalimat Negatif
S + Have/Has + Not + V3 + O/Adv

Example: He has not spoken Indonesia.

Pattern
Pola Kalimat Pertanyaan Positif
Have/Has + S + V3 + O/Adv + ?
Example: Have we eaten in the kitchen?

Pattern
Pola Kalimat Pertanyaan Negatif
Have/Has + S + Not + V3 + O/Adv + ?

Example: Hasn't she found my blue hat?

Pattern
Pola Kalimat Pertanyaan 5W+1H
QW + Have/Has + S + V3 + O/Adv + ?

Example: Who was painted the room?

Time Signal
Just Until Now
Baru Saja Sampai saat Ini
Never Up To Present
Tidak Pernah Sampai Saat Ini
Already Ever Since
Sudah Sejak Saat Itu
So Far All Day
Sampai Saat ini Sepanjang Hari
Time Signal
All My Life
Sepanjang Hidupku
Recently
Baru-Baru Ini
Lately
Akhir-Akhir Ini
Time Signal
The differences between since and for
Since is followed by Point of time/the beginning of
time. Example : Since last year

For is followed by the period time/quantity of time.
Example : For 4 days

Exercises
So far this week, I . . . two tests and a quiz.
A. have been had
B. have had
C. have been have
D. have have
The first advertisement on radio was broadcast in 1922. Since
that time, companies _____ tens of billions of dollars to advertise
their products on radio and television.

A. are spending
B. have spent
C. spent
D. spend
Ryoko Hirosue is a Japanese girl. She … in
Indonesia since last year. She is here to study
Indonesian culture in a private university in
Central Java.
a. is
b. was
c. has been
d. have been
I . . . any parties since I came here.

A. hasn’t attend
B. hasn’t attended
C. haven’t attend
D. haven’t attended
Wenny: What about my new dress, mother?
mother: Don’t worry. Your father … a lovely evening
dress for you.

Wenny: Really? why didn’t he tell me?
Mother: It will be a surprise, won’t it?
a. isn’t buying
b. was buying
c. have bought
d. has bought

Discussion: This sentence means 'In this week, I have
received two tests and one quiz'. So, the right
present perfect verb to complete the sentence is
'have had'. So the answer is B.
Discussion: The sentence begins with the simple
past tense. The word "since" in the second sentence
shows the use of the perfect tense. So the sentence
structure uses have+v3. So the answer is B.

Discussion: the adverb of time since is the
adverb of time for the present perfect tense, the
formula is S + has/have + V3 because the subject
is single She, so has + v3 is used (v3 of be is
been). So the answer is C.
Discussion: This sentence means 'I haven't been
to a single party since I've been here'. So, the

right present perfect verb to complete the
sentence is 'haven't attended'. So, the answer is
D.
Discussion: From the conversation, it was
known that Wenny's father had bought
him a nice evening dress without telling
him that, the situation was filled with the
present perfect tense (an event that has
happened? Because the subject is singular
(your father), has+v3 is used. So the
answer is is D.
Past Perfect
Tense
Definition
The past perfect tense is a tense that
expresses an event that has occurred in the
past and was completed in the past.

Functions
Expressing an event that occurred in the past
before another event occurred.
Example : He got bad score at math because he
had not studied enough

Functions
Expressing an event that occurred before a
certain time in the past.

Example : I had fallen asleep before nine o’clock
Expresses how often an event occurred in the
past
Example : He had applied job vacancy many times
Functions
Expressing a news (reported text) that we have never
heard before, and this news was delivered by
someone else.
Example : My dad said that Andi had washed the car

Pattern
Positive Sentence → Subject + had + past participle (Verb 3)
Negative Sentence → Subject + had + not + past participle (Verb 3)
Interrogative sentence → Had + Subject + past participle (V-3)?
Example :
(+) When I arrived in Jakarta, Rara had already returned to
Bandung.
(-) She had not studied Japanese before she moved to Japan.
(?) Had your father watched the movie before they gone home?
Time Signal
Exercises
We arrived at the cinema late. The movies. . . .
A. have already started
B. has already begun
C. had already started
D. had already begun
I was very pleased to see Andre again after such a long time. I …
her for three years.

A. haven't seen
B. has seen
C. hadn't seen
D. had seen
.... (go) to Amsterdam when you called her?
A. Had she gone
B. Have she gone
C. Has she gone
D. Are she going
E. Will she go
Before I mentioned him, I … (never, hear) of the author.

A. Never hear
B. Never had hear
C. Had never hear
D. Had never heard
E. Never heard
I wasn't sleepy yet. I … for hours.
A. had just slept
B. have just slept
C. has been sleeping
D. was been sleeping
Discussion: This sentence means 'We are late for the cinema. The film has
started.' and this event happened in the past tense (we arrived). So, the
correct verb and the past perfect form to complete the sentence is 'had
already begun'. So the answer is D.
Discussion: This sentence means 'I am very happy to meet Andre again. I
haven't seen him in three years.' and this event happened in the past tense
(was very pleased). So, the correct verb and the past perfect form to
complete the sentence is 'hadn't seen'. So the answer is C.

Discussion: In that sentence, He (she) HAS left, only then you called.
Both occurred in the past, so activities that have been completed use
the past perfect tense, while activities that occur after the previous
activity is completed use the past tense. So the answer is A.
Discussion : In the sentence there is the word "before" which
indicates that the first activity occurs before the second activity.
Activities that have been completed use the past perfect tense, while
activities that occur after the previous activity is completed use the
past tense. So the answer is D.

Discussion: The meaning to be conveyed through
this sentence is "I'm not sleepy yet, I just slept for a
few hours". The tense in this sentence is the past
perfect tense. So, the verb is: had + V3. So the
answer is A.
Thank
You

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Present and Past

grammatical combination of the present tense

and perfect aspect that is used to express a

past event that has present consequences.

Example : I have swept the floor

time in the past and still has something to

do with the present time.

Example : She has lived here since 1995

Example: He has bought the clothes.

Example: He has not spoken Indonesia.

Example: Have we eaten in the kitchen?

Example: Hasn't she found my blue hat?

Example: Who was painted the room?

Since is followed by Point of time/the beginning of

time. Example : Since last year

Example : For 4 days

The first advertisement on radio was broadcast in 1922. Since

that time, companies _____ tens of billions of dollars to advertise

their products on radio and television.

Indonesia since last year. She is here to study

Indonesian culture in a private university in

I . . . any parties since I came here.

dress for you.

Discussion: This sentence means 'In this week, I have

received two tests and one quiz'. So, the right

present perfect verb to complete the sentence is

'have had'. So the answer is B.

Discussion: The sentence begins with the simple

past tense. The word "since" in the second sentence

shows the use of the perfect tense. So the sentence

structure uses have+v3. So the answer is B.

adverb of time for the present perfect tense, the

formula is S + has/have + V3 because the subject

is single She, so has + v3 is used (v3 of be is

been). So the answer is C.

Discussion: This sentence means 'I haven't been

to a single party since I've been here'. So, the

sentence is 'haven't attended'. So, the answer is

known that Wenny's father had bought

him a nice evening dress without telling

him that, the situation was filled with the

present perfect tense (an event that has

happened? Because the subject is singular

(your father), has+v3 is used. So the

expresses an event that has occurred in the

past and was completed in the past.

before another event occurred.

Example : He got bad score at math because he

had not studied enough

certain time in the past.

Expresses how often an event occurred in the

heard before, and this news was delivered by

Example : My dad said that Andi had washed the car

her for three years.

Before I mentioned him, I … (never, hear) of the author.

already begun'. So the answer is D.

complete the sentence is 'hadn't seen'. So the answer is C.

activity is completed use the past tense. So the answer is A.

Discussion : In the sentence there is the word "before" which

past tense. So the answer is D.