11 I January 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48579
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Smart Dustbin Using Ardunio

Md. Farhan1, B. Charan2, Md. Masoom Baba3, Dr. Y. Srinivasulu4
1, 2, 3 4
Student, Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and
Technology, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, India

Abstract: In this paper, a system is introduced to manage waste in big cities effectively without having tomonitor the parts 24x7
manually. Here the problem of unorganized and non- systematic waste collection is solved by designing an embedded IoT system
which will monitor each dumpster individually for the amount of waste deposited. Here an automated system is provided for
segregating wet and dry waste. A mechanical setup can be used for separating wet and dry waste into separate containers here
sensors can be used for separating wet and dry. For detecting the presence of any waste wet or dry can be detected using anIR
sensor in the next step for detecting wet waste a moister sensor can be used. In this process, if only IR is detected motor will
rotate in the direction of the dry waste container if both the sensor detects the waste then it will go to the wet container. Both
these containers are embedded with ultrasonic sensors at the top, the ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring distance. This
makes it possible to measure the amount of waste in the containers if one of the containers is full then alert message will be sent
to the corresponding personal.
Keywords: ATmega328, EEPROM, IOREF,FTDI USB.

I. INTRODUCTION
Today big cities around the world are facing a common problem, managing the city waste effectively without making city unclean.
Today’s waste management systems involve a large number of employees being appointed to attend a certain number of dumpsters
this is done every day periodically.
This leads to a very inefficient and unclean system in which some dumpsters will be overflowing some dumpsters might not be
even half full. This is caused by variation in population density in the city or some other random factor this makes it impossible to
determine which part needs immediate attention. Here a waste management system is introduced in which each dumpster is
embedded in a monitoring system which will notify the corresponding personal if the dumpster is full. In this system, it is also
possible to separate wet and dry waste into two separate containers. This system provides an effective solution to waste
management problem.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A Smart Waste Bin for Smart Waste Management proposed by, In this paper, the system consists of sensors to measure the weight
of waste and the level of waste inside the bin. Bluetooth is attached for short range communication. The researchers suggests the
method for garbage management which is as follows.
In this paper, Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the alert to the municipal web server once
if garbage is filled. After cleaning the dustbin, the driver confirms the task of emptying the garbage with the aid of RFID Tag.
RFID is a computing technology that is used for verification process and in addition, it also enhances the smart garbage alert system
by providing automaticidentification of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the status of clean-up to the server affirming that the
work is done.
The researchers suggests the method for garbage management which is as follows. In this paper the system makes use of Arduino
Uno board, LCD screen, GSM modem for sending data. The system is powered by a 12V transformer. The LCD screen is used to
display the status of the level of garbage collected in the bins. Whereas GSM is built to show the status to the user, monitoring it
with SMS. The SMS consists of text related to all garbage bins. The LCD screen shows the status of the garbage level. The system
puts on LCD screen continuously monitoring of garbage with Arduino board.
The researcher suggests the method for garbage management which is as follows. In this paper the bin was connected with a
microcontroller-based system which had IR wireless system with a main central system that shows the current status of the garbage
bin. The status was seen on a mobile based web browser with html page by using Wi-Fi. in this system to reduce the cost they used
weight sensor and on the sender’s side they used a Wi-Fi module to send and receive the data. In the end the weight sensor only
detects the weight of the garbage inthe bin but not the level of water.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 997
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

III. EXISTING SYSTEM

1) Manual systems in which employeesclear the dumpsters periodic
2) No systematic approach towards clearingthe dumpsters.
3) Unclear about the status of a particularlocation
4) Employees are unaware of the need for aparticular location
5) Very less effective in cleaning city.

IV. ABOUT SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT

Module descriptionList of modules:
1) Processor
2) Sensors
3) Soft wares
4) DC Motor

A. Ardunio UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board is dependent on the ATmega328 (datasheet). The microcontroller in Arduino is
Microchip ATmega328P and the Operating Voltage is 5 volts. The Input Voltage range from 7 to 20 Volts and the Digital I/O Pins
are 14 of which 6 provide PWM output. The analog Input Pins are 6,and DC Current per I/O Pin is 20 mA. Direct Current for 3.3V
Pin is 50 mA. .The main part is the flash Memory contains 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader SRAM for this Arduino has
2 KB and EEPROM of 1 KB with a Clock Speed of 16 MHz.The Length of the Arduino is 68.6 mm With the Width of 53.4 mm
having the weight of 25 g . It contains everything expected to assist the microcontroller; essentially associate it to a laptop with a
USB link or power it with associate degree AC-to-DC instrumentality or battery to start. The Uno varies from each single going
before board in that it doesn't utilize the FTDI USB-to-sequential driver chip. Rather, it includes the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up
to make R2) modified as a USB- to-sequential device.
1) IOREF: This stick on the Arduino/Genuino board gives the voltage reference with that themicrocontroller works. Associate in
Nursing suitably organized defend will examine the IOREF pin voltage and choose the fitting power source or empower voltage
interpreters on the outputs to figure with the 5V or 3.3V.
2) VIN: the input voltage to the Arduino / Genuino board once it's utilizing an external power supply (instead of five volts from
the USB association or alternative managed power source). We will be able to provide voltage through this pin, or, if providing
voltage by means that of the power jack, get to that through this pin.
3) LED: there's a worked in crystal rectifier driven by advanced 13 pin. At the purpose once the pinis high in terms of value, the
crystal rectifier is on, once the pin is low, it's off.
4) 5V: This pin outputs a managed 5V from the controller on the board. The board is given power either from the DC power jack
(7 - 20V), the USBconnecter (5V), or the VIN stick of the board (7- 20V). Providing voltage by means that of the 5V or 3.3V
pins sidesteps the controller, and might damage the board.
5) Reset: generally wont to add a reset catch to shields that sq. the one on the board
6) GND: This is a ground pin
7) 3V3: 50mA of maximum current is drawn and on- board regulator generates 3.3 volts of supply

Module Diagram for Arduino Uno Processor

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 998
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

B. Sensors
1) Ultrasonic Sensor: Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4-pin module, whose pin names are Vcc, Trigger, Echo and Groundrespectively.
This detector could be a very-about detector utilized This detector could be utilized in several applications wherever
mensuration distance or sensing objects are needed. The module has 2 eyes like accompanies like robot at the front that frames
the ultra- supersonic transmitter and recipient. The locator works with the simple secondary school recipe that
Distance = Speed × Time
The Ultrasonic transmitter broadcast a supersonic wave, this wave goes in air and when it gets questioned by any material it gets
reflected back toward the sensor thisreflected wave is seen by the Ultrasonic beneficiary module as appeared in the image beneath
Now, to figure the separation utilizing the above recipe, we should know Speed and time. Since we tend to utilize the supersonic
wave we as a whole know all inclusive speed of wave at region conditions that is 330m/s. The hardware inbuilt on the module will
compute the time taken for the US wave to return and turns on the reverberation stick high for that equivalent specific measure of
your time, along these lines we can likewise realize the time taken. Presently just figure the separation utilizing a microcontroller or
small scale chip. Likewise, this nondeterministic mapping case (i.e., one-to-many mapping) happens even after we normalize all
parameter values to extract the structures of the webrequests and queries.
Since the mapping can appear differently in different cases, it becomes difficult to identify all of the one-to-many mapping patterns
for each web request. Moreover, when different operations occasionally overlap at their possible query set, it becomes even harder
for us to extract the one-to- many mapping for each operation by comparing matched requests and queries across the sessions.
Module Diagram for Ultrasonic Sensor

2) IR Sensor: An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR
sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation
rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.Usually in the infrared spectrum, all theobjects radiate some form of
thermal radiations. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor. The emitter is
simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same
wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and these output voltages,
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

Module Diagram for IR Sensor

3) GSM Module: A GSM module or a GPRS module is a chip or circuit that will be used to establish communication between a
mobile device or a computing machine and a GSM or GPRS system. The modem (modulator-demodulator) is a critical part
here. These modules consist of a GSM module or GPRS modem powered by a power supply circuit and communication
interfaces (like RS-232, USB 2.0, and others) for computer. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial,
USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities. A GSM/GPRS modem is a
class of wirelessmodem, designed for communication over the GSM and GPRS network.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 999
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

It requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobilephones to activate communication with the network. Also, they
have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar to mobile phones for their identification.
A GSM module exposes an interface that allows applications such as NowSMS to send andreceive messages over the modem
interface the mobile operator changes for message sending receiving as if it is performed directly on the mobile phone To perform
these modules a GSM module shouldsupport an “extended AT command set”.for sending or receiving messages
One of the major application is the flood intimation project is designed to detect a rise in the water level and convey the message to
the concerned authorities by using GSM protocols. As the water level rises from a fixed level, (which can be sensed by using any
sensor) the microcontroller gets interrupted.

Gsm module

4) Moisture Sensor: Moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of
free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water
content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with
neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content. The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated
and may vary depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric conductivity. Reflected
microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote sensing inhydrology and agriculture. Portable probe
instruments can be used by farmers or gardeners.
Module Diagram for Moisture Sensor

C. Arduino IDE
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-stage application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written
in the programming language Java. It is utilized to compose and transfer programs to Arduino compatible boards, yet in addition,
with the assistance of outsider centres, other seller advancement sheets. The source code for the IDE is discharged under the GNU
General Public License. The Arduino IDE underpins the dialects C and C++ utilizing uncommon guidelines of code organizing. The
Arduino IDE supplies a product library from the Wiring venture, which gives numerous normal information and yield methodology.
Client composed code just requires two essential capacities, for beginning the sketch and the principle program circle, that are
aggregated and connected with a program stub fundamental () into an executable cyclic official program with the GNU toolchain,
additionally included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE utilizes the program avrdude to change over the executable code
into a book record in hexadecimal encoding that is stacked into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware The
primary code, otherwise called a sketch, made on the IDE platform will eventually produce a Hex File which is then moved and
transferred in the controller on the board. for composing the required code and later is utilized for assembling and transferring the
code into the given Arduino Module.
This environment supports both C andC++

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1000
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Module Screenshot for Arduino IDE

D. Thing Speak
ThingSpeak is an IoT analytics platform service that allows you to aggregate, visualize and analyze live data streams in the cloud.
ThingSpeak provides instant visualizations of data posted by your devices to ThingSpeak. With the ability to execute MATLAB
code in ThingSpeak you can perform online analysis and processing of the data as it comes in. ThingSpeak is often used for
prototyping and proof of conceptIoT systems that require analytics.

Module Screenshot for BLYNK App

E. Servo Motor
A servomotor is a linear actuator or rotary actuator that allows for precise control of linear or angular position, acceleration, and
velocity. It consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a
dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors.There are some special types of applications of an electric motor
where the rotation of the motor is required for just a certain angle. For these applications, we require some special types of motor
with some special arrangement which makes the motor rotate a certain angle for a given electrical input (signal). For this purpose,
servo motor comes into the picture.

SERVO MOTOR

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1001
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM

A. Architecture Diagram

Architecture Diagram for Smart Waste Management System

Here, the figure represents an integration of SmartWaste Management System with a 3-tier sensor processor device system.
1) Ultrasonic sensor measure distances by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the reflected
wave back from the target.
2) IR Sensor emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings.
3) Moisture Sensor measures the volumetric water content in the soil. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil
moisture and is used for remote sensing hydrology and agriculture.
4) DC motor which is connected to the digital pins of Arduino
5) We are using serial monitor for the display.

B. Working
1) When we put dust on the thermocol,the PIR sensor will sense the motion of the dust.And gives them to the ARDUINO.
2) The ultrasonic sensor will check whether the dustbin is full or dustbin is to be filled.
3) If the Dustbin is full ,then it will send instructionsto the GCM module which will send the alerts tothe authorities.
4) If the Dustbin is not fill ,then the soil moisture sensor will come into play.
5) The soil moisture sensor will check whether the dust is dry dust or wet dust.
6) This soil moisture sensor is connected to the servo motor ,If the dust is dry it will rotate on 90 degrees left.
7) If the Dust is wet then servo motor will rotate on 90 degrees right and throws the dust in right side.
8) This process continues till the dustbin .

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 1002
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

C. Connections

VI. RESULT
The below figure shows the graphical representation of levels of waste in both containersas uploaded to the ThingSpeak cloud. This
page can be accessed by any person who has the username and password of the account.

VII. CONCLUSION
Every project is always has scope for improvement, perhaps the most pressing issue of separation of waste is when their dispose
simultaneously. The waste segregator can be improvised to include the separation of paper and plastic, safe segregation of
biomedical waste generated at home, compact and aesthetic Mechanical design.

REFRENCES
[1] 2017 5th International Conferenceon Instrumentation, Control, andAutomation (ICA) Yogyakarta, Indonesia,
[2] August 9-11, 2017
[3] IOT Based Smart Garbage alertsystem using Arduino UNO Date andjournal: 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) Author: Dr.N.SATHISH KUMAR,
B.VIJAYALAKSHMI, R. JENIFER PRARTHANA, A .SHANKAR (S.R.M., Coimbatore, INDIA)
[4] Solid waste management based upon IoT or Smart city Date and Journal: ICICCS 2017 Author: Krishna Nirde, Prashant S. Mulay, UttamM.Chaskar (C.O.E.
Pune).

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