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Tutorial 4

This document provides a tutorial on key concepts in electromagnetics and optics, including: 1. Calculating the frequency and properties of electromagnetic waves passing between different media like air and quartz. 2. Behavior of electromagnetic waves at the interface between perfectly conducting and dielectric media, including reflection and transmission coefficients. 3. Interference of coherent light sources and effects on intensity distribution. 4. Diffraction, interference, and polarization phenomena explored through experiments like Young's slits and Newton's rings. Problems cover calculating fringe patterns, refractive indices, and other optical properties.

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Adarsh Kumar
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
102 views

Tutorial 4

This document provides a tutorial on key concepts in electromagnetics and optics, including: 1. Calculating the frequency and properties of electromagnetic waves passing between different media like air and quartz. 2. Behavior of electromagnetic waves at the interface between perfectly conducting and dielectric media, including reflection and transmission coefficients. 3. Interference of coherent light sources and effects on intensity distribution. 4. Diffraction, interference, and polarization phenomena explored through experiments like Young's slits and Newton's rings. Problems cover calculating fringe patterns, refractive indices, and other optical properties.

Uploaded by

Adarsh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY102 Introduction to Engineering

Electromagnetics
Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi

Tutorial 4
Symbols have their usual meaning.

1. Consider electromagnetic waves of wavelength λ = 30cm


in air. What is the frequency of such waves? If such waves
pass from air into a block of quartz, for which K = 4.3,
what is their new speed, frequency, and wavelength?

Interface

2. Consider a plane wave is incident normally at the inter-


face between perfectly conducting and perfectly dielectric
medium. Show that

(a) transmission coefficient, T = 0,


(b) reflection coefficient, R = −1, and
(c) amplitude of the reflected wave (E0r ) = - amplitude
of the incident wave (E0i )

Interference

3. Two coherent sources have separation d = λ/8, and phase


difference of the source is π/4. Find the intensity distri-
bution in the radiation field as a function of θ.

4. In Young’s experiment, while using a source of light of


5000Å wavelength, the fringe width obtained is 0.60 cm.
If the distance between screen and slit is reduced to half,
what should be the wavelength of light source to get
fringes 0.40 cm wide?

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5. In Newton’s rings experiment the diameter of 10th dark
ring changes from 1.5cm to 1.27cm when a liquid is in-
troduced between the lens and the glass plate. Calculate
refractive index of the liquid.
6. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 6500 and
5200 angstrom is used to obtain interference fringes in
Young’s experiment. What is the least distance from the
central maximum where the bright fringes due to both the
wavelengths coincide ? The distance between the slits is
2mm and the distance between the plane of the slit and
the screen is 120cm.
7. In an Young’s experiment using monochromatic light the
fringe pattern shifts by a certain distance on the screen
when a mica sheet of refractive index worth 1.6 and thick-
ness t is introduced into the path of one of the slits. The
mica sheet is then removed and the distance between the
slits and screen is doubled. It is found that the distance
between successive maxima or minima is same as observed
fringe shift upon the introduction of the mica. Given the
wavelength of light is 5892 angstrom, determine the thick-
ness of the mica sheet.
8. In an Young’s double experiment, we look at a position on
screen where the path difference between both the sources
corresponds to λ/3. What fraction of intensity will be
seen on the screen at the point with respect to the maxi-
mum intensity?
9. Consider the formation of Newton’s rings when two closely
spaced wavelengths are present; for example, the D1 and
D2 lines of sodium (λ=5890Å and λ=5896Å). What will
be the effect of the presence of these two wavelengths as
the lens is gradually moved away from the plate? What

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will happen if the sodium lamp is replaced by a white
light source?
10. Consider a beam of white light containing continuous spec-
trum of 4000 to 7000 angstrom is incident at angle of in-
cidence 30o on two parallel glass plates separated by an
air film of thickness 0.01mm. Find the total number of
dark lines seen when the reflected light is observed by a
spectrometer.
Diffraction
11. In the Young’s double slit experiment, assume a finite
source and the differential element dx to be summed up to
define entire length of the source. If I0 be the intensity of
the light emitted by unit length of the source, the intensity
from each differential element be I0 dx. Now determine the
visibility due the finite sized source of length 2b.
12. Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a long narrow slit
is observed at a far distance from the slit. Determine the
width of the slit which would produce an angular spread
of central maximum of 30o , 90o , and 180o . The wavelength
is 5690Å.
13. A double slit pattern contains exactly 9 bright interference
fringes within central diffraction peak. What is the slit
separation, if slit width is 0.3mm.
14. A transmission grating has 5000 lines/cm. How many
spectral orders can be seen when it is illuminated by
white light? Show that the second and third order spec-
tra of white light always overlap in a diffraction grating,
irrespective of grating element. How many lines must a
grating have if there is to be no second order spectrum
observed.

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Polarization

15. A polarizer and analyzer are so oriented that the amount


of light transmitted is maximum. How will you orient the
analyzer so that the transmitted light is reduced to

(a) 0.5
(b) 0.25
(c) 0.75
(d) 0.125
(e) 0

of its maximum value.

16. Calculate the angle of polarization for the beam of light


from (a) air to water, (b) glass to water. Given µ for
water = 1.33 and µ for glass = 1.54.

17. Specific rotation of quartz for wavelength 4358 angstrom


is 41.5◦ /mm. What thickness of quartz plate cut perpen-
dicular to its optic axis and inserted between two parallel
polarizers will cause no light of given wavelength to be
transmitted.

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