LtTofo [Tale] VOCABULARY! Getting meaning actoss 1a SPEHHING Work with a partner. Discuss the meaning of the words in bold. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 Ifyou don't approve of the way one of your fiends behaves, you need to drop a very subtie hint. 2. It’s advisable to give a vague answer when asked your opinion by an exaniner in an English test, 3. fyour fiend asks for advice on a relationship, its better to say 100 litle than to be too blunt, 4 Comments made on social media tend to be @ lot ‘more ambiguous than those made face to face. 5. Fans of my local football team tend to be quite vocal when they disagree with the referee. 6 It awful when actors in films mumble and you can't understand what they're saying, 7. ts wrong for advertisements to imply that some toys are dasigned for girls and some just for boys. 8 Music conveys human emotion better than any other art form. 1b Work with a partner. Do you agree with the statements in 1a? Why/Why not? 2 RONG Read the article about a trend in human communication. Choose the correct heading (viii) for each paragraph (A-F). There are two extra headings. ‘When choosing a heading for a paragraph, make sure it summarises the coneral content or message of the whole paragraph— not just the message of a single point or sentence. > EXAM SUCCESS page 129 7 Impact of emoji on the spoken form of language ‘The potential for the exploitation and increased complexity of emoji The variation in the way different groups interpret certain emoji iv Emaji allow more self-expression in some respects, but loss in others, Tho inspiration behind the development of emoji vi The increasing tendency to use emigj for everyday messages and for literary purposes vi Emojj use no longer limited to young people vili The procedure for suggesting and evaluating 1 Paragraph A 2. Paragraph B 3. Paragraph C 4 Paragraph D 5. Paragraph E 6 Paragraph F 3 Read the article again and answer the questions. Which TWO of the following statements are true of Casper Grathwohl? 1 2 A. He was initially reluctant to use emoj as a form of communication himself B_ He takes the view that emoji are more suited to some situations than others. He suspects that emo will go out of fashion once another novel form of expression comes along. D When ‘emoji was put forward for ‘word of the year’, his roaction was positive. E He submitted a proposel for a particular enoji which he now regularly employs Which TWO of the following comments are mado about the development of emoji? 3 4 ‘A. Emoji did not cover a wide range of human expression when first created. B.A greater range of ethnicities are now reflected in éemoji than before, ©The use of emoji can cause unintentional offence to recipients of a message. D People are becoming less articulate in conventional wating due to emoji use. E_ It's possible that one emoji may have a different meaning for different people. ‘Think! Then compare ideas with your class. = How far do you think that emojican express ‘sophisticated ideas and experiences = What do you think the selection criteria for new ‘emoji might or should be? 5 What do the underlined words in the article mean? Guess and then check in your dictionary. 6 (SPIKING What about you? 41 Which are your favourite ernoji and why? 2 What three new emoji would you ike to create?Reading CRYING WITH LAUGHTER HOW WE LEARNT TO SPEAK EMOJI The ‘face with tears of joy’ symbol has been named the word of the year. But how did a gimmick end up changing the way we communicate? °® Q 2% oxi tna bas jst annanceis ord he Ye sha ave sal se SOB TN ole det esc adh tenn ween a a {oats ora sata uot gmmecat esos eye ear anda bea noth gnats ee ‘dle yr be ace wt oy en ae Cee cetwel nerne scans ate oe stone ist hugh monje td a ts yori Sra nc oft mt uly ngs we ote 2 Not everyone has responded positively to emoji, A common complaint is: Ifyou Uill use signs instead of words, you'll just end up semi literate!’ Evans has heard sisitar comments ‘Ifyou talk 10 some people, they imply that emofi are a backward ‘step But this misunderstands the nature of human ‘communication, The picture is more complicated, he tes, with emoji offering both greater freedom and constraints than verbal language. He points aut that anyone can invent a word and use it, butemoji area limited language, subject to the selection processes of Unicode. ‘Viowever, he says, what ve been of print communication, the most ascendant aspect of WORLDWIDE, eee ie wasn'ta word at all it was ermof culture” rhe hed been SO BILLION’ Cyne tes Semonstate tt Iemegtienunterfpopleuingems) Rrguarter — Emoyt amg ol eteconorrgo te ame rrssapes, his may not have seemed #9 temackable What SENT pany, — cel fsommunicion ‘may eurprise you more, though. is that the classic novel Maby Dict was translated into emoji and renamed Emoji Dick, ‘with Alice in Worderignd undergoing the same update, 8 task that required the use of 250,000 emnoji The ) suther TR Richrond, who usta ety in What She P eft.a novel built around texts, blogs and Facebook posts, says that emojihave a place at the heart of ur language’ “The fact that English alone is proving insufficient to meet the needs of century digital communication is a huge shift’ says Grathwo'l. When ‘one of his dictionary colleagues suggested using an emoji instead of the word ‘emoji’ ight bulbs went on’- Until recentiy. Grathwonl, who is 44, avoided using emoji altogether because he worried that he would look as if he'was trying, to get inom teen culture. felt inauthentic, But think there Was 2 tipping point this year I's now moved into the ‘maiistream Not only does he tse emoji but his mother sends him emoji-aden messages, too. Indeed, some of the UK adult population owns a smartphone, and of those, between 0% and 90% use emoji ‘Worldwide, sx billion emoji are sent dei. If you are one of the few not yet using emnoji it may stl interest you to know that the face with tears of oy" is the most used, Even if you don't send! emai yoursef, you probably receive them from people keen (o convey litle irony, ‘exaggeration or fun, 2S 8 56 — In foct,emoji have their own kind of dictionary It's called Unicode, a computing industry standard that ensures ditterent plattorms, providers and operating systems cant Tecognise text from each other There are currently well ‘over a thousand emoji. Anyone can put forward an idea for an emoji says Vvyan Evang, a professor in linguists at Bangor University, who has spent the past year studying them. "You simply ~ submit proposal, provide a rationale’ You'll 28) dear back from the Unicode Tech Committee 0e, if your design meets their criteria. I's this, 2 ‘group thet considers proposals and releases new outlines of characters in a process that can take about ‘wo years. As a regult of these innovations, racilly diverse emoji have been introduced. Next year, a dancing man is ‘coming, partner to the dancing lady, Vegetables remain, underroresented, cute rodents overly so. If you're planning, to come up with new emo, perhaps you shoulc bear that in mind! we 9 Perhaps he senses my confusion, Fit help’ he says,"T can demonstrate this with a simple sentence’ There isa pause, ‘Tlove you,’ he says. He says it twice. ‘The first time I think he means it the second time we both know he doesn't Intonation makes a huge sifference! Later, vans explained that if fd been standing in front of him,’ have been relying on his body language to help infer meaning, too.'Emoji are fulflling the same function in digital speech,’ he says, ‘It was in Jepan, in the late 1990s, that emofi were born ‘A Japanese telecom company had been looking fora way toentice teens to its pager service. One ofits employees, Shigetaka Kurita, came up with the idea of adding Simple images to its text offering, and began sketching out the possibilities, His imagination was stimulated by ‘manga, Chinese characters and street signs, yet those erly emoji look simple by today's standards, facial, expressions more than faces. musical notes, exclamation ‘marks. f Kurita hadn't drawn up his initial set, the Fich fexicon of emoji we use today might never hrave been developed, Like any sort of language, emoji are in a constant state of flux, particularly in the way that texters are choosing to deploy them, “They are subtle and rich, and flexible; Grathwobl says. Indeed, the significance of an individual emoji may not be interpreted in the same way by all members ofthe emoji-using community. In other words, ifemoji meant the sine thing to everyone, they wouldn't be so much fun. Grathwonl also explains: [of emoji} people send me are becomming longer ‘and starting to tell stories. They are expressing {ideas and experiences with growing sophistication.’ Will ‘emoji eventually be tamed and come to look something, ‘more like traditional written scripts that we understand? ‘It would be interesting if that kind of development took place’ he says. In the meantime, if you opened a dictionary in a bookshop tomorrow, you'd notice that the face with tears of joy hasn't yet earned a place, Maybe they are sil tying to work out where it should sitin the alphabet, OHOCelene aU er eee LL ‘1a Name the conclitionals in 1-4. When do we use each? 41. You'll hear back from the Unicode Tech Committee f your design meets their criteria, 2. If'd been standing in front of him, I'd have been relying on his body language, too. 3. ‘Ifyou talk to some people, they imply that ‘emoji are @ backward step’ 4 ‘It would be interesting if that kind of development took place,’ he says. ‘Ib Decide whether sentences 1-6 are variations on the zero, first, second or ‘third conditional. 1. This wouldn't perhaps deserve much attention iit weren't fr the fact that it word ata 2. If Kurita hadn't drawn up his intial set the fich lexicon of moj we use today might. neverhave been developed. 3. you'r planning to came up with new cemoji, perhaps you should bear that in mind! 4. “fF you will use signs instead of words, you'll Just end up semiiterate! 5 ‘fit help, he says, lean demonstrate this with a simple sentence." 6 Ihe had been referring to people using emojiin regular text messages, this may not have seemed so remarkable. not ‘le Which of the underlined forms: ‘a. implies doubt about the result ofa situation? b isused to tak about @ necessary condition for a particular result? ¢ _uses the passive rather than the active voice? 1d Werk with a partner. Discuss these questions about the sentences in 1b. ‘a In 1, what could weren't be changed to without altering the meaning of the sentence? b For what two different reasons are the continuous forms used in 3 and 6? ¢ In dand 5, which will expresses disapproval, and which will expresses the idea of result? Ces 2 Put the verbs in the correct form according to the conditional type given. 1 Hhyou (6e) less blunt in your criticisms, people {not get) quite so upset with you all the ‘time. SECOND: = 2 Ifyou (think) all product eviews on. shopping websites are written by real people, you (be) sadly mistaken, ZERO 3 you (check) the weather forecest, you (now) it wes going to rin. THIRD 4 Ifyou {not stop) checking your messages, they cinema. FIRST {esk) usto leave the Choose the correct alternative. 1) FI had/d had time yesterday, | would have/wauld come to visityou 2 fyou wil/would keep wasting your money, its no wonder you can't/waulda't afford to go out! 3 ifyou /were entering that singing competition, | think you should start prectsing! 4 He would have been/wouid be waiting for hours if they weren't seeing/hadn’t seen him through the window. 5 ll give you a hand with your maths homework this ‘aftemoon if you think it helos/wil help. 6 fit isn‘dweren't for your support, | doubt | felt/would be {feeling s0 confident about the exams. 7. Htyou were to craata/were cresting a slogan fr your life. what would it be? 8 Ifyou ever saw/lf you happen to see Carre, please remind her about the clas tip next week Correct the sentences that have a mistake, either by changing or adding a word. 1. if had leamt another language, it will hve made studying abroad easier. 2. Ifyou're going to take a gap yest, you might want to start thinking about where you want to go. 3. Well just have to give our friendship a break if you won't tell me what the problem is. 4. fi didn’t have to study, I'll be hanging out at the beach. But the exam is next week! 5 I would have got there on time ifthe train hadn't running late. 6 fit wasn’t your advice, | probably wouldn't be going to university next year! 7 Accidents would be dramatically reduced if people don’t cross roads while texting, but everyone is addicted to their devices! 8 You should compare your ideas with your partner iF il speed up the writing process. ‘EKG Work with a partner. Use different conditional forms to ask and answer questions about: = the opportunity to meet your hero = having more free time = changing the world ‘= what you would have done last summer ifyou'd had an unlimited budgetPOT a acting Collocations - communication 1 Work with a partner. Decide if these phrases collocate with communication or with voice. 1 inregular 5 ot the tep of your 2. speak with one 6 raise/lower your 3. a breakdown of 7 ameanc of 4 face-to-face @ atone of 2 Complete the sentences with the collocations in 4. You may need to change the expression. 1. Iitied texting, calling and emailing, but got no reply so we need to find out what is the best for her. 2 think he probably doesn't realise that his Can often sound quite defensive or even hostile. 3 In my view, is always proferable as itgives you the opportunity to read a person's body lenguage. 4 Dariel was shouting , but Emma still couldn't hear him because of the wind. 5 Hwillbe more effective if we all and present a united front when we ask the coach to change his training techniques. 6 There was a because all our phones were out of range and there were no landlines available. 7 The rescue party was with the injured climber vie mobile phone until they located her 8 He was having trouble concentrating sohe asked his friends to 3. Which verb do these phrases collocate with? ‘Sometimes more than one answer is possible. be about to... = hate to... » have hear someone ... » nat be on .. toms Not trust yourself to... » ... out ageinst someone what you think +... the diference the tuth + ... youso +... your mind ae aoa ‘say tell have vathing | te say | In mukiple-choiee cioze activites, frst reac the whole text quickly to get a general impression Don't worry about the gaps or understanding every | word at this stage, Understanding the wider context will help you chose the correct answer > EXAM SUCCESS page 133 4 Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Most of us would accept that our choice of clothes can (1) others a thing fr two about our characters. But have you ever wondered ‘what your hairstyle (2) about you? Some psychologists believe that our choice of hairstyle can be one way of{(3) communication with those around us. In fact, in our competitive lives today, a simple hairstyle might bbe a good way to stand out from the crowd and make your voice (4). For example, wearing your hair in 3 high ponytail, they say, shows that you're conventional, whereas a fringe that goes straight across the forehead indicates a leader who's not afraid of being a (5) voice, On the other hand, people who prefer to have their hair long and wile-looking are very easygoing, but sometimes find it difficult (6) themselves. if your hair is an unnatural cri, it suggests you're not asic to speak your (7). Andif you have a very rounded hairstyle, you're considerate ond polite ~ you may (8) to say things, but don’t always feel ablo to do so. If this is true, then hairstyle is one way that we consciously ~ or subconsciously ~ communicate ideas (9). Although to tell (10), some people are going to find all of this a bit simplistic! 1A wice B say C tell D communicate 2A says B tells © speaks D vwoices 3A forarding easing C expressing —D. facilitating 4 & caught B received © heard D listened 5 A single B lone solo D lonely 6 A express B voice © communicate D sey 7 A consciousness B self © brain D mind 8 A hate B long © afraid D short 9 A byourselves — B to ourselves C with ourselves D_ about ourselves OA the opposite —B the contrary the truth D the best 5 SFEMNG Work with a partner and discuss the questions. linwhich circumstances do you think it's important to speak your mind? When is it important to avoid being blunt?“To clarify the conceptand aims of feedback To reise awareness of effective ways of giving feedback 18 To provide practice in giving feedback to other students 11 SPEAKS Work with a partner. Discuss these ‘ questions. 1. In.what life or social stuations might feedback { be necessary? 2 What can we gain by listening to feedback? 3. Think of someone wio has given you feedback in a way that has been positive and useful. What have you learnt from that person about giving feedback? ‘on how to give effective feedback. What does it say about the three questions in 1? ‘turns to explain: 1 why you should avoid saying things like ‘Great introduction’ or "Youre not very punctual while giving feedback. ) 7 3 what kind of language will lessen the value of feedback, 4 what you can do as wel as reporting back. . on (infective aspects of performance. 5 how you can ensure you are fair one student is giving feedback on a classmate's ] 4 stats @ 14 Listen to two situations ia which film project. Which student gives feedback more effectively? 5. © 1é Listen again to the student who gives feedback more effectively. Make notes on what they say and do to make the feedback constructive using the ideas below. \ how they started the conversation le = where they had the conversation how they showed appreciation how they were specific in their feedback ‘constructive feedback [n ph: If you give someone constructive feedback on their work, you don’t just say what's wrong, you also help them to improve it.a mixed message [n ph: First she said she wanted to come to the cinema with us, then she said she was t00 tired: she’s always giving mixed messages! receptive to lad: Ho’ very receptive to new ideas and suggestions, which makes him really easy to work with. { 2. READING You have two minutes to read the article 3. Read the article again. With a partner, take - 2 why itS a good idea for you to use exarnples elm KOM INA And 4 272 LNeas Have you ever had to commanton another ffusents performance mclass? Orhave mr yourad ealscuse witha endnote enavior affecting otersin a chidor tear? Giving is Hi of teeback to ands or fetow stugorts sa task hat many people fe! daunting. Moweve fttwing the simple gudsins below can tnake th experience far roe postive fo both the aver and the recipient. Remember the aim of feedback ‘This sto give a clear message about the kind of behaviour that has been: effective, and to suggest that it should continue ineffective, and to suggest how the situation can be Improved Remember to be specific 1 you use generalisations such as "Youdon’t contribute uch to teamwork’ or You always mumble in your ‘presentations’ you will eave too ruck toom for personal interpretation. Even seemingly positive phrases like ‘great introduction’ are essentially meaningless unless you fallow up with some more specific information lke"Tt was really engaging and set the right tone’ For feedback tobe constructive, it needs to be based on specific actions, sues for occasions, in other words, be as explicit as possible refer ‘to actual exarnples, ikeT noticed that on Tuesday, when wwe were supposed to be warming up forthe match, you artived at §.20. Practice starts at 5, remember’ Oro give ‘another example’ During the part of the presentation when, ‘you were talking about your survey, wasnt always able tohear what you suid very well. It was easier to follow you uihen you were deseribing your graphs” By being precise in this way, youl show the other person that your comments are based on cateful observation, rather than any kind of bias. Then, after you've made these sttements of fact, you should follow up immediately by invitng the other person tocome up with a solution, eg “How doyou think you ‘could change things sc you can get topractice on time? ‘Aliematively, you could make er unambiguous suggestion eg HT were you, 1d practise emphasising key words, and ‘pausing after you ask questions. In that way, you right feel ‘more confideat when you give the presentation:Remember to use language carefully tyour sentences with "You need too You. you are insinuating that something the otner parson, "You need to be nicer to sore af the lo ‘AC some points) befoce now. you didn't to the other players very nic kindof criticism {is just too vague to be of practical use. So rather than alluding to general behaviour, just tell the other person what did or didn't happen while you were chserving them at a particular yous Don't fall iro trap of sending,a mixed message. Because nt to avoid giving offence, they tend to start eg ‘What on what is alluded to after Work with a partner. You are going to give some constructive feedback to your classmate on an ett aif subjective acjetves such amd advertisement they created ina school project. Look at en i ack Ty to ae caierarareae a eeeieat cane ad only fic the observer's open, rot the facts : te Follow these instructions: Remember to show appreciation or concern ‘wall ac reporting back on the 1 Choose four appropriate things from thelist below to | ive frectek an © the slogan | the Fogo or icon fective or ineffectire cmeone’s performance itis a express appreciation ar concern, as ap ;Ppreciation, you might say something lke really enjoyeet looking atthe visuals. They really brought the presentation & the visual appeal ‘olife for me’ A tone of concern wil imply that you ae c 1 how easy its for the audience to understand the ‘he other pero’ sie, and thoy are far mote likely tbe message !eceptive to jour suggestions for improvement, of supgest ne oftheir on, and follow through with them, parC 2. Discuss and note down how you are going to phrase Remember to be fair your feedback, soit is constiuctive and specific. Don't pass jlgment onthe other persons characteneg | 3 Decide who is going to be the person giving the “Youle quite sesh’ or You come across as realy mond’ feedback, and who is the recipient. Practise giving your even if this is what you actually tink, As tempting aait feedback might be, the athe person vl ust econ deters hea Sh down | 4 Now the recipients should comment on how ft cleor and constructive the feedback was. | aly ese hat ou gv a muck postive feedback a sou do negtre 5_ Swap roles and ropeot stops 3 and 4PRS Prnt:) NEW ZEALAND SHAMPION! 7s 2018 ca Kara Nelson (inset) and the Hip Op-eration Crew 1 SPEAKING; Work with a partner. Look at Kara Nelson's photos and guess the answers to the questions. 41 How old is Kara? 2 Where does Kara live? 3. What are her hobbies and interests? 2 @ 15 Listen to an interview with Kara and see if you were correct. In multipk listening tasks, you need to consider both the stem and the four options carefully. The stem includes information that will help you locate the answer in the listening text. The four options will tell you what type of information | you are looking for. = > EXAM SUCCESS page 129 | 3. Before you listen, underline key words and phrases in the multiple-choice questions in 4. 4 5 15 Listen to the interview with Kara Nelson again and choose the best answers. 1. Why did Kara respond to the intial advertisement for dancers? someone told her she was too old because all her friends were going she hid always wanted to be a dancer d_ todo the opposite of what was expected 2. What impressed Kara about the groups fist rehearsals? ‘a. The dances were physically ting Everybody always turned up. € Many people came to watch. d_ She was one of the best dancers. 3. The group started to do hip hop dancing because a. itwas an attractive-looking form of dance. they were encouraged by family members. € they wanted to travel to foreign countries. d. ithad a strong beat that was easy to hear 4. What point doee Kara make about working with the tara dancers? a itwos a mutually beneficial relationship. It was the fist time she'd worked with young people, € Hip hop was easier to learn than she'd expected, 4. The old and young people struggled to communicate 5 When Kare went to Las Vegas she was surprised by the reaction of the crowd astonished by the variety of other dancers. € delighted her group did well inthe competition 4. disappointed by the strange architecture. 6 For what reason was Kara's stage rame chosen? ‘a. her determination that the group should keep intime b_ the difficulty she had performing some dance moves she was prepared to be @ lone voice when necessary d_ the number of medical procedures she had had 7 Kara says the most important lesson she's learnt from hip hop is. 1a. you shouldn't judge people by how old they are. b old people need to express themselves in physical ways, € itsnever too late to find new ways to express yourself d_ not to give up trying to achiave the goals you have set. SPENS What about you? 11 Were you surprised by anything that Kara said? 2. Why do you think the Otara dancers responded in the way they did? 3. Do you agree with Kara's ideas about self- expression? 4. What kind of hobbies do your grandparents enjoy?ETAT Ray Te] Collaborative tasks - 2 1. SPBKKG Work with a partner. Which of these jobs would you most like to do and why? I — novelist video games developer street performer 2 sini @ 16 Read the instructions for a collaborative speaking task, and then listen to Andrei and Sophia doing ‘the first part of the task. Make notes on the points they make about: radio station presenters ™ video games developers = novelists Here are sore different jobs which might enable people to express themselves, and a question for you to discuss. Talk to each other about the extent to which people might be able to express themselves when doing these jobs. radio station presenter + a novelist « a comedian + avideo games developer Now you have about a minute to decide in which job people are most likely to take on a different persona, 3. ustei6 © 17 Listen to Andrei and Sop! doing the second part of the speaking task. Do they reach a decision? For the second part of the task, itis more important to show how well you can use the language of decision making and negotiation than itis to actually each a decision. > EXAM SUCCESS page 131 4 Put these expressions used by the speakers in 3 in the correct place in the ‘Speaking bank. 1 Let's agree to disagree. 2. Isn’tit te, though, that 3. lm going to have to stick with 4 As you heard, we have completely different views on this. 5. We'd better pick one of these options Lon Useful expressions in a decision making process Stating your own choice ™ Id go tor. = My choice would be Attempting to persuade your partner © Don't you think that ...? Isn't it the case that ...? Finalising agreement Ok, 50 lets ty to reach a decision "Can we come to an agreement now? Accepting that egreement is impossible | There's no middle ground here, is there? = We're not going to see eye to eye on this, are we? Reporting back to the examiner © We eventually care to the decision that SPEAKING Work with a partner and practise doing the task in 2. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT SPZAKNS Work with @ partner and do the Collaborative task ‘on page 145. Use expressions from the ‘Speaking bank for the second part of the task.Developing writing A proposal - 1 || SHIKNG Werk with a partner, Discuss these questions. 4) What clubs or teams are you a member of? 2 What other clubs are there in your school? 3. What benefits do you get from joining dub? 2. Read the post on a school website opposite. Answer the questions. 1. Who will ead the proposal? How formal informal should it be? 2. What information should it contain? 3. Should it talk about the past, present, future or some combination? 3. eA Read the proposal. Does it respond to all parts of the website post? Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list. = Adistinet le Conclusion f= How itwould work Introduction Advantages of the cubs 4 Complete the Writing bank with ‘expressions from the proposal in 3. BEEEEIEN Useful words and phrases in proposals Introduction This proposals intended to/reletes to = WWe recommend/propose that Ways of referring to the present . existence As ‘= presently/at presentiet the moment! these days Ways of refering to a possible future = meetings/the initiative/it would/could be. = Many people . help students =... will be important = 1 expect/! hope/The plan is Concluding/Recommending = Onbalance, we would say that. = (Me feel strongly tat. eM ros non acmaekanaui ‘The School Gouncl has funds avaliable to establish a new club for students aimedi at developing the powers of sell-exoression. if you have an idea for a nev club, write @ proposal including eta of "what form the club would take, «the benafis ft would offer students, “how it would sit alongside our existing clubs ‘There will be & vote lor the best proposal PROPOSAL FOR A SCHOOL PUBLIC SPEAKING CLUB a) “The purpose of his proposal is o suggest the schoo! sats up @ publis speaking elu, which would be a valuable additonto the ‘extra-curricular aciviles curently available. @ Ublie speaking skils can easily be learnt, provided this is done in ‘a supportive environment Club meetings would be in he form of ‘wtkshops, where stucents study the features of difeert fs of face-to-face corrmunication, such as class preseniatins, speeches at sports evenis and more spontaneous speaking roles, Participants couls practise using gesture, eye contact, speech organisation, tone of voice ‘nd humour in ofder to speak effectively in a wide vary of sitsations. Even if trey feel shy at fxs, students wil soan find thal hose axercises help them to gain confidence, @) Many people ate likely to fe0! nervous of public speaing al thet fives, unless they take action fo overcome ther fears. Bulcing set- cconlidenca through speaking skils is bound to help students become better leaders, by enhancing their abilly to persuade and inspire others, would aiso impreve interview skills, wich vibe imocetant ‘going forward. Lesly, the club would be an opportuni for students {o express themselves and meet now people in a relaxed social ferwironment. @ [As things stand, the drama club and the debating club ere focussed ‘on the theatre and on formal deoaling. However, the proposed public speaking olub would adcress diferent aspectsof verbal ‘communicalion, In this way it would complement the cus already in ‘existance, 6) “To sum up. a public speaking club would helo studenis exoress thei ideas in numerous educational and social contexts. | confidently prodict In would be well-supported as e recut‘Advanced conditional forms 5. Look at the sentences (a-e) and match them to the meanings (1-5). a Public speaking skill can easily be learnt, provided {that/as long as this is done in a supportive crvironment. b Even if they're already confident and outgoing, students wil find these exercises help them. © People are likely to feel nervous of public speaking, Lniess they take action to overcome their fears. You should prepare a few ideas before the meeting, incase you're asked to speak. © Supposing (thot) we are able to go on holiday later this yeer, where shall we go? This word/expression is used to talk about: 1 being ready for a possible future development. 2. the conditions necessary for an action to happen. 3. anact of imagination, 4 the conditions without which an action will not happen. 5 o result which will happen whether the condition fs true oF not. Gee oe 6 Join the pairs of sentences using one of the ‘expressions in 5. Make any other necessary changes. 1 think you've got a goad chance of passhg your driving test. You just need to make sure you leam all the rules. 2. The journey may take longer then you expect. So take some sandwiches as a precaution, 3 The weather might be bad this weekend. Whether its ‘good or bad, 'm still going to the beach. 4 Jeanhas prepared all ofthis food because Mary asked her to, IfMary hadn't asked her, Jean wouldnt have done it. 5 dont think United have a very good chance of winning the Championship this season. But it's just possible they'll ‘in, and it woul be a fantastic fealing, When writing @ proposal, you will need to write about an imaginary future situation ~ the initiative you are proposing, But you may be asked to do this with reference ‘to a present (and possibly a past situation. Read the ‘question carefully to determine how to balance the time refererces in your answer. > EXAM SUCCESS page 132 7 Correct the eight mistakes in this student's work. This proposal relates increasing school club membership, Sonte of the school’s current bs. are t00 old-fashioned. As things are standing, the yeslogy club does net appeal 10 today's teenagers. Unless that students cactically want £0 9@ to a. club, it is mot likely 10 be a success. Another prablem is that some clubs meet at tines which are woe convenient for students LT propose that we have a comedy club. At present, many other schools have thelr ann comedy clubs, Suppsiedl we are eaccessfid it setting it up, the club could travel to one event autside school each teens, 12d help students make new friends, In balance, 1 think the comedy club bound 10 be a success in case we take ints account rnhen. everyone is free ts attend. 8 BREAKING Read the email. Then work with a partner and discuss the questions. 1. What sort of new club would you be interested in setting up at your school? 2 Why do you think this would be successful? From: Soho>l Principal "or Sonor Sues 11am aware thet some o the schoo! clubs hhave not been very populer fora few years ‘ow, We eed ikeas for soma new clubs that vil be much more popular with our stucents, Pease send us your proposal for a new schoo! ‘club, outiring how the clip wil be organised, wheat it wit do and why vl etract a growing ‘membership. We vl pt all proposal fo the school counrcllbefere we make a decison, PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 9. Follow these steps. 1. Identity what time references the principal uses in the email in 8 and think about who will ead the proposals 2 Decide how many paragraphs you should write and what headings to use. 3. Make notes for each paragraph. 4. Write your proposal WRITING BANK > STUDENT'S RESOURCE CENTRE