Mypearth Ch1answers

1 Motion
Answers
Page 5 Activity: Units of distance

1. We tend to end up with simpler numbers; for example, small whole
numbers.
2. 63,360″
3. Distances between stars (distances in space)
4. Answer will be approximately 0.001 miles but will vary depending on the
heights of students.
Page 8 How can we describe an object’s position?

1. a) 40
child 1
7m
35 child 2
24 m
30
25
y-axis (meters)
20
15
10
gate
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
x-axis (meters)
b) d2 = 92 + 402 = 1681; d = 41 m
c) d2 = (33 – 9)2 + (40 – 33)2 = 242 + 72 = 625; d = 25 m
© Oxford University Press 2019 1

2. a) The boat that is 1 km North and 4 km to the East is further from the
lighthouse. Students can calculate this using Pythagoras’ Theorem:
d2 = 42 + 12 = 17; d = 4.12 km
b) 5
North
boat 1
4
5 km
3 km
2
4 km boat 2
1
lighthouse
0
-1 West 0 1 2 3 4 East 5
South
-1
c) d2 = 32 + 42 = 25; d = 5 km
Page 11 How do we describe motion?

1. a) 180 m
b) 20 m
c) The car might have been traveling in a circle around you and so its
distance from you would not change. Alternatively, it may have
been traveling in another curved path.
d) In all cases, the car’s speed is 10 m/s. In part (a), you might say that
velocity is 10 m/s and in part (b), velocity = –10 m/s. If the car was
going in a circle then the car started at a position of (100, 0) m and
traveled at a speed of (0,10) m/s.
Page 11 Activity: Measuring speed in different races

1. 10.37 m/s
2. Distance = 370 × 13.6 = 5,032 km; speed = 5032 ÷ 24 = 209.7 km/hr
3. Ensures that if there is a favourable condition in one direction (for
example, a slope or the direction of the wind) that it will have the
opposite effect in the other direction. It also ensures that the car is
capable of repeating a fast run.
2 © Oxford University Press 2019

Page 13 Activity: How far can they go?
1. Time in seconds = 60 × 60 + 14 × 60 + 19.8 = 4,459.8 s
Distance in meters = 306,720 m
Speed = 306,720 ÷ 4,458.9 = 68.774 m/s
2. Ostrich: 30 mph
Time in seconds = 60 × 60 = 3,600 s
Distance in meters = 30 × 1,609 = 48,270 m
Speed = 48,270 ÷ 3,600 = 13.4 m/s
Victor Campenaerts: 55.089 km/h
Time in seconds = 60 × 60 = 3,600 s
Distance in meters = 55.089 × 1000 = 55,089 m
Speed = 55,089 ÷ 3,600 = 15.303 m/s
3. Category / person Distance travelled in
1s 1 minute 1 hour 1 day
Abraham Kiptum 6.03 m 361.9 m 21.7 km 521.1 km
Ostrich 13.4 m 804.5 m 48.27 km 1,158.5 km
Victor Campenaerts 15.303 m 918.2 m 55.089 km 1,322.1 km
Michael 68.77 m 4.126 km 247.6 km 5,942.1 km
Schumacher
4. Answers will depend on the students’ locations.
Page 14 Data-based question: How fast is Usain Bolt?

1. 100
90
80
70
60
distance (m)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time (s)
2. 60 to 80 m (covered in 1.61 s)
3. Speed = 20 ÷ 1.61 = 12.4 m/s
4. Average speed = 100 ÷ 9.58 = 10.4 m/s

Page 14 How can we find the average speed?
1. a) Total distance is 77 km, total time is 74 minutes.
Average speed = 77 ÷ 74 = 1.04 km/min = 62.4 km/h
b) i) In the first town: distance travelled = 7 km; time = 14 min;
speed = 7 ÷ 14 = 0.5 km/min = 30 km/h
ii) In the second town: distance travelled = 10 km;
time = 24 min; speed = 10 ÷ 24 = 0.417 km/min = 25 km/h
iii) Between the towns: distance = 60 km; time = 36 min;
speed = 60 ÷ 36 = 1.67 km/min = 100 km/h
Page 16 What happens when an object changes speed?

1. Acceleration = change in speed ÷ time;
therefore change in speed = acceleration × time = 4000 × 0.001 = 4 m/s
2. Acceleration = change in speed ÷ time = 23 ÷ 0.0027 = 8519 m/s2.
Page 17 How can we represent motion with a graph?

1. a) Between 4 and 6 seconds and between 10 and 12 seconds.
b) Between 0 and 5 seconds (because the gradient is steepest).
c) In first 4 seconds, the elevator travels 5 m;
speed = 5 ÷ 4 = 1.25 m/s
d) Elevator travelled 5 m upwards and then 2 m downwards;
total distance travelled = 7 m.
e) Part of the elevator’s motion was upwards and part was
downwards; the final position is 3 m from where it started, but the
total distance travelled is 7 m.
2. a) At about 0.4 – 0.6 s (where the gradient is steepest).
b) 90 m
c) Starts from rest; accelerates over first 0.5 s (to a speed of
60–65 m/s) then decelerates; reaches maximum height and zero
speed at 3.7 s; falls to earth at a constant speed (about 2.8 m/s).
d) Speed on the way down is slower than speed on the way up; speed
is constant on the way down but varies on the way up.
e) Approximately 2.8 m/s
f) Has to fall 90 m at a speed of 2.8 m/s; this will take 32 s; it started
falling about 4 s after launch; therefore 36 s in total.
Summative assessment
Criterion A: Cycling and motion
1. B 4. D
2. D 5. A
3. C 6. B
42 © Oxford University Press 2019

Criterion B: Choosing a bicycle
7. Bar chart
8. Independent variable: bicycle used; dependent variable: time taken to
complete the course.
9. Same length of course / same course
10. Some of his friends might be faster cyclists than others or have tried
harder; effort/ability of cyclist; 1 mark for identifying the effect, 1 mark
for linking the variable to the effect
11. Valid improvement included; multiple trials; different cyclists riding each
different bicycle; averaging of results
Criterion C: Cycling time trials

12. Speed = 250 ÷ 25; = 10 m/s;
13. Any 2 from: 10 m/s is an average speed; on the start line he was below
average speed; at end of race likely to be above average speed;
14. Change in position = zero (that is, the cyclist is back where he started);
velocity also considers direction;
if total change in position/displacement = zero, then velocity = zero
15. Last lap is fastest (time = 24 s); fastest lap speed = 250 ÷ 24 = 10.4 m/s
16. It is possible that the cyclist attained a faster speed over a shorter
distance.
Criterion D: Health benefits of cycling and pollution
17. One from: to credit the original work to the authors; so that readers can
find out where the information came from and explore further.
18. 15 km/h is 0.25 km/minute
City Amount of cycling before Distance
it becomes harmful travelled in this
(minutes per day) time (km)
Johannesburg 480 120
Cairo 60 15
Delhi 40 10
Beijing 150 37.5
19. 1,440 minutes = 24 hours; cannot cycle for more than 24 hours per
day/there would be no time at which it would become harmful.
20. Any one from: collision; falling off; other road traffic.
21. 1 mark for quality of writing; 1 mark for suggesting that traveling by car
contributes to the problem; 1 mark for suggesting an alternative (e.g.
public transport).

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1 Motion

Page 5 Activity: Units of distance

Page 8 How can we describe an object’s position?

© Oxford University Press 2019 1

Page 11 How do we describe motion?

Page 11 Activity: Measuring speed in different races

2 © Oxford University Press 2019

Page 14 Data-based question: How fast is Usain Bolt?

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

Page 16 What happens when an object changes speed?

Page 17 How can we represent motion with a graph?

42 © Oxford University Press 2019

Criterion C: Cycling time trials

Criterion D: Health benefits of cycling and pollution

Johannesburg 480 120

Beijing 150 37.5

© Oxford University Press 2019 5

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