Geophysical Well Log Analysis (GWLA)

Well logs need to be carefully conditioned or pre processed prior to their use in a modeling workflow. We term this step Geophysical Well Log Analysis or GWLA The basic Geophysical Well Log Analysis (GWLA) workflow consists of:
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Collect and organize input data Perform geophysical log interpretation for volume minerals, porosity, and fluids Edit logs and perform mud filtrate invasion correction (as needed) Generate missing curves Determine fluid properties (oil API, brine salinity, etc.) and reservoir pressuretemperature Perturb reservoir properties using rock physics effective medium models (pseudo-well modeling) Compute synthetic seismic traces Generate trend curves and crossplots Create graphics and digital output files

The specifics of each project or job can be varied to suit the needs of the client and the characteristics of the data available.

a representative GWLA display Well log analysis for geophysics differs in several important ways from standard log analysis. In most cases well logs are obtained for the purpose of estimating recoverable hydrocarbon volumes. Therefore the zone of interest is mainly the producing interval(s). For geophysics, well logs form the basis for relating seismic properties to the reservoir. While we are still concerned about producing intervals, we also need good information about all of the rock through which the

seismic waves have passed. Therefore our zone of interest is much larger and encompasses basically everything from the surface to TD. This means we have to take great care to correctly treat the log data through shales, across drilling breaks, casing points, and washouts. In all cases the log data will require some editing, normalization, and interpretation before they can be used in a reservoir study. Several specific analysis steps will be followed:
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De-spike and filter to remove or correct anomalous data points Normalize logs from all of the selected wells to determine the appropriate ranges and cutoffs for porosity, clay content, water resistivity, etc. Compute the volumetric curves such as total porosity, Vclay, and Sw Calibrate the volumetric curves to core data if available Correct sonic and density logs for mud filtrate invasion if needed Compute Vshear on all wells

In wells where important well log curves are missing, we will reconstruct those curves synthetically. There are two ways this is done. The first is through application of modern rock physics principles. For example, several deterministic methods exist for obtaining density from sonic logs or sonic logs from resistivity. The other approach is to use neural network technology. This is often required when no direct physical relationship is available.

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Quantitative Interpretation
Rock Solid Images has pioneered the use of well log based rock physics and seismic models to develop a thorough understanding of the relationship between reservoir properties and seismic data before use of advanced seismic inversion methods. Our well based seismic models allow us to quantitatively answer fundamental questions such as "how are porosity changes related to pre and post stack seismic response" before the use of inversion methods such as Impedance, AVO and neural networks. Traditionally, seismic data is used to develop geologic models of structure and stratigraphy. This interpretation process is qualitative in nature. Quantitative interpretation uses seismic amplitude information to infer rock and fluid properties. The necessary calibration information comes from well-data, which has to be carefully and closely integrated with seismic.

quantitative interpretation Quantitative Interpretation is variously referred to as "Seismic Reservoir Characterization" or "Reservoir Geophysics". At Rock Solid Images, we provide a full range of consulting services for Quantitative Interpretation. Deliverables include well-based rock-physics and seismic models, seismic data pre-conditioning, inversion for lithology and fluid prediction and seismic facies modeling. We work with your data and our tools to provide the best possible results in the shortest timeframe. Projects range in size and complexity from modeling of a single well to complete reservoir characterization programs involving multiple wells and 3D or 4D seismic.

Inversion
A successful inversion predicts existing and future well properties. Inversion is not an algorithm, rather a series of carefully executed interlinked steps. A number of factors control the quality of the final inversion output. These include:
Quality of the well and seismic data

We use our GWLA and AVATAR workflows to optimize the quality of the individual data-sets, and help generate the best possible well-tie.

Adequate separation in the elastic domains

Even given good quality data, the underlying rock-physics describing rock and fluid properties and seismic response must be sufficient to allow for a clear relationship to be identifiable in the seismic domain. We use our modeling workflows to investigate thoroughly this relationship prior to seismic inversion.
Calibration

We use our well-based rock-physics models to calibrate our impedance and/or facies models to rock and fluid properties.