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Question Number. 206. Tuck-under is caused by.

Option A. tip stall on a straight wing aircraft.
Option B. tip stall on a swept wing aircraft.
Option C. root stall on a swept wing aircraft.
Correct Answer is. root stall on a swept wing aircraft.

Question Number. 207. The purpose of sweepback on an aerofoil is to.

Option A. decrease drag.
Option B. decrease Mcrit.
Option C. increase Mcrit.
Correct Answer is. increase Mcrit.

Question Number. 208. As the airspeed over a cambered wing is increased, a shock wave will appear initially.
Option A. at the leading edge.
Option B. at the trailing edge.
Option C. near the point of maximum curvature.
Correct Answer is. near the point of maximum curvature.

Question Number. 209. In the transonic speed range.

Option A. the position of the wing centre of pressure remains constant.
Option B. the centre of pressure movement may become oscillatory.
Option C. the centre of pressure initially moves forward, then back.
Correct Answer is. the centre of pressure initially moves forward, then back.

Question Number. 210. The angle of attack of a blade is the.

Option A. angle between the spin axis and relative air flow.
Option B. angle between the chord line and plane of rotation.
Option C. angle between the chord line and relative airflow.
Correct Answer is. angle between the chord line and relative airflow.

Question Number. 211. On a helicopter, what is blade dragging?

Option A. Movement of each blade vertically about their lateral hinges.
Option B. Contact of the blade tips on the ground.
Option C. Movement of each blade horizontally about their vertical hinge.
Correct Answer is. Movement of each blade horizontally about their vertical hinge.

Question Number. 212. Lift generated by a blade is proportional to the.

Option A. relative airflow and the pitch.
Option B. aircraft airspeed and angle of attack.
Option C. relative airflow and the angle of attack.
Correct Answer is. aircraft airspeed and angle of attack.

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Question Number. 213. What effect does the ground have on a helicopter?
Option A. No effect.
Option B. Increases lift.
Option C. Increases thrust.
Correct Answer is. Increases lift.

Question Number. 214. What damps vibrations on a helicopter?

Option A. Swashplate.
Option B. Scissor levers.
Option C. Bifilar damper.
Correct Answer is. Bifilar damper.

Question Number. 215. What design factors govern RPM of a helicopter rotor?
Option A. Weight of blade.
Option B. Fineness ratio.
Option C. Engine and gearbox.
Correct Answer is. Weight of blade.

Question Number. 216. Relative velocity of a helicopter rotor.

Option A. increases at forward travelling blade.
Option B. is equal for all blades.
Option C. increases at retreating blade.
Correct Answer is. increases at forward travelling blade.

Question Number. 217. When OAT increases, what happens to a helicopter operating ceiling?
Option A. Decrease.
Option B. Increase.
Option C. No effect.
Correct Answer is. Decrease.
Explanation. As temperature increases, density decreases and aircraft performance decreases.

Question Number. 218. With the helicopter in forward flight, parasitic drag will cause the helicopter to.
Option A. pitch nose down with an increase in forward airspeed.
Option B. pitch nose down with a decrease in forward airspeed.
Option C. pitch nose up with an increase in forward in airspeed.
Correct Answer is. pitch nose down with an increase in forward airspeed.

Question Number. 219. When a blade moves about the flapping hinge.
Option A. the pitch angle of the blade always reduces.
Option B. the drag forces on the blade change.
Option C. the drag forces on the blade change and the angle of attack (AOA) changes.
Correct Answer is. the drag forces on the blade change and the angle of attack (AOA) changes.

Question Number. 220. To maintain the position of the helicopter with a decrease in air density, the pilot must
increase.
Option A. main rotor RPM.
Option B. cyclic pitch.
Option C. collective pitch.
Correct Answer is. collective pitch.

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Question Number. 221. The forces which govern the coning angle are.
Option A. lift and centrifugal force.
Option B. thrust and centrifugal force.
Option C. lift and thrust.
Correct Answer is. lift and centrifugal force.

Question Number. 222. As a helicopter accelerates in level forward flight above approximately 15 knots, it will be
necessary to:
Option A. reduce power because of the additional lift due to translational flight.
Option B. increase power because rotor RPM is increasing.
Option C. reduce power because rotor profile drag is reduced.
Correct Answer is. reduce power because of the additional lift due to translational flight.

Question Number. 223. Assuming the phase lag of a rotor blade is 90o and the control advance angle is 15
degrees, then the pitch operating arm must be at the highest point of the swash plate:
Option A. 90o ahead of the highest flapping position.
Option B. 75o ahead of the highest flapping position.
Option C. 105o ahead of the highest flapping position.
Correct Answer is. 75o ahead of the highest flapping position.

Question Number. 224. A helicopter is hovering and the pilot applies right pedal. Assuming the main rotor rotates
anti clockwise viewed from above, the helicopter will.
Option A. descend, unless the pilot inches the throttle open.
Option B. ascend, unless the pilot decreases rotor RPM.
Option C. descend, unless the pilot applies more collective pitch.
Correct Answer is. descend, unless the pilot inches the throttle open.

Question Number. 225. A helicopter has a main rotor which rotates anti-clockwise viewed from above, and is
fitted with an anti-torque tail rotor. It will tend to drift sideways to.
Option A. port, if the tail rotor is mounted on the left side of the aircraft.
Option B. starboard, whichever way the tail rotor is fitted.
Option C. port, if the tail rotor is mounted on the right side of the aircraft.
Correct Answer is. starboard, whichever way the tail rotor is fitted.

Question Number. 226. As the rotor head is tilted to travel forward, what happens to the rearward travelling
blade's pitch angle?
Option A. Increases.
Option B. Decreases.
Option C. No change.
Correct Answer is. Increases.

Question Number. 227. The tail rotor.

Option A. produces a force opposing torque reaction.
Option B. produces a force in the same direction as torque reaction.
Option C. is not subject to dissymmetry of lift.
Correct Answer is. produces a force opposing torque reaction.

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Question Number. 228. With the tail rotor pedals in neutral, the tail rotor blade pitch will be.
Option A. positive.
Option B. negative.
Option C. neutral.
Correct Answer is. positive.

Question Number. 229. The main rotor drive shaft is tilted laterally on some helicopters to correct tail rotor.
Option A. drift.
Option B. torque.
Option C. roll.
Correct Answer is. drift.

Question Number. 230. Certain helicopters tend to tilt laterally when landing. This problem can be overcome by
placing the tail rotor thrust.
Option A. below the line of the main rotor hub.
Option B. above the line of the main rotor hub.
Option C. in line with the main rotor hub.
Correct Answer is. in line with the main rotor hub.

Question Number. 231. Ground cushion effect is produced by.

Option A. recirculating air giving additional lift.
Option B. increased pressure under the main rotor disc.
Option C. increase in density above the fuselage.
Correct Answer is. increased pressure under the main rotor disc.

Question Number. 232. A helicopter hovering near a tall building will.

Option A. drift away from it.
Option B. be unaffected by it.
Option C. drift towards it.
Correct Answer is. drift towards it.

Question Number. 233. Drooping of helicopter blades is compensated by.

Option A. flapping.
Option B. dragging.
Option C. centrifugal force.
Correct Answer is. centrifugal force.
Explanation. Centrifugal force counteracts the drop of helicopter blades at low RPM.

Question Number. 234. During decent with power-on, on a helicopter.

Option A. lift, weight and thrust are acting on the helicopter.
Option B. lift, drag and thrust are acting on the helicopter.
Option C. lift, drag, thrust and weight are acting on the helicopter.
Correct Answer is. lift, drag, thrust and weight are acting on the helicopter.
Explanation. All four forces act on the helicopter.

Question Number. 235. A helicopter hovering 2m above the ground subject to a strong cross wind will.
Option A. lose lift due to the removal of the ground cushion effect.
Option B. increase lift due to ground cushion effect.
Option C. lose lift due to recirculation.
Correct Answer is. lose lift due to recirculation.

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Question Number. 236. With a drop in ambient temperature, an aircraft service ceiling will.
Option A. lower.
Option B. rise.
Option C. not be affected.
Correct Answer is. rise.
Explanation. As ambient temperature drops, density increases and aircraft performance increases.

Question Number. 237. During an autorotative descent, rotor RPM will be.
Option A. higher than in powered flight.
Option B. lower than in powered flight.
Option C. substantially the same as in powered flight.
Correct Answer is. higher than in powered flight.

Question Number. 238. Helicopter blades are.

Option A. symmetrical.
Option B. highly cambered.
Option C. reverse cambered.
Correct Answer is. symmetrical.
Explanation. Helicopter blades are usually symmetrical section.

Question Number. 239. Autorotative force is the.

Option A. component of the total reaction which acts forward in the plane of rotation in opposition to drag.
Option B. force required to turn in a hover.
Option C. force the pilot must apply to the collective lever to obtain a controlled descent.
Correct Answer is. component of the total reaction which acts forward in the plane of rotation in opposition to drag.

Question Number. 240. Autorotation.

Option A. leaves the aircraft with no directional control.
Option B. results in a loss of power.
Option C. is the production of lift from freely rotating rotor blades.
Correct Answer is. is the production of lift from freely rotating rotor blades.

Question Number. 241. If the main rotor of a helicopter rotates in an anti-clockwise direction when viewed from
above, and a hovering left turn is required, the following movements of the controls are selected:
Option A. Rudder pedal to the left, and decrease throttle.
Option B. Rudder pedal to the left, and increase throttle.
Option C. Rudder pedal to the right, and increase throttle.
Correct Answer is. Rudder pedal to the left, and decrease throttle.

Question Number. 242. Helicopter derives its lift from.

Option A. air is pushed downward.
Option B. rotor acts as a airscrew.
Option C. the blade of the helicopter creates a low pressure above it.
Correct Answer is. the blade of the helicopter creates a low pressure above it.
Explanation. All three are correct, but an aerodynamicist would choose a 'creates a low pressure above it'.

Question Number. 243. A two bladed helicopter rotor on a central gimbal is called.
Option A. semi rigid rotor.
Option B. fully articulated rotor.
Option C. rigid rotor.
Correct Answer is. semi rigid rotor.

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Question Number. 244. If a helicopter rotor disc is rotating anticlockwise, viewed from above where, would a pitch
input be fed into the disc to move the helicopter backwards, (90 degrees to what)?
Option A. In front of the lateral axis.
Option B. Left of the longitudinal axis.
Option C. Right of the longitudinal axis.
Correct Answer is. Right of the longitudinal axis.
Explanation. Due to precession of the rotor disc, the input to tilt the disc backwards must be placed 90 degrees
before, in direction of motion of the disc.

Question Number. 245. On a helicopter, what is vortex ring state?

Option A. Tip vortex build-up during hover.
Option B. Tip vortex interference at high forward speed.
Option C. Ground vortex interference when hovering close to the ground.
Correct Answer is. Tip vortex build-up during hover.
Explanation. During hover, the tip vortex of one blade adds to the tip vortices of the preceding blades, producing a
large vortex ring and a very inefficient helicopter.

Question Number. 246. Climbs with forward speed require less power than vertical climbs, because of.
Option A. translational lift.
Option B. increased inertia.
Option C. forward momentum.
Correct Answer is. translational lift.

Question Number. 247. Translational flight is.

Option A. achieved by raising or lowering the collective lever.
Option B. when the helicopter changes from one steady flight condition to another.
Option C. achieved by tilting the rotor disc in the direction of flight.
Correct Answer is. achieved by tilting the rotor disc in the direction of flight.

Question Number. 248. The best design of a rotor blade is where the C of P.
Option A. moves freely along the length of the blade.
Option B. does not move.
Option C. is insignificant.
Correct Answer is. does not move.

Question Number. 249. When the cyclic stick is eased forward in the hover position.
Option A. altitude is increased.
Option B. forward thrust is decreased.
Option C. vertical lift is reduced.
Correct Answer is. vertical lift is reduced.

Question Number. 250. The rotor cone is formed by.

Option A. blade alignment.
Option B. centrifugal force and lift.
Option C. centrifugal force only.
Correct Answer is. centrifugal force and lift.

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Question Number. 251. Tracking is carried out to …… the main rotor blade tip path.
Option A. restore.
Option B. align.
Option C. balance.
Correct Answer is. align.

Question Number. 252. The advancing blade of a helicopter is the one moving.
Option A. one moving forward into relative airflow.
Option B. highest blade.
Option C. one moving in direction of relative air flow.
Correct Answer is. one moving forward into relative airflow.

Question Number. 253. Lift is generated by.

Option A. down-wash below the blade.
Option B. high pressure above the blade.
Option C. low pressure above the blade.
Correct Answer is. low pressure above the blade.

Question Number. 254. Static stability of a helicopter is.

Option A. the stability of the helicopter when hovering.
Option B. the tendency move back toward neutral after disturbance.
Option C. the tendency to oscillate until the neutral is achieved.
Correct Answer is. the tendency move back toward neutral after disturbance.

Question Number. 255. Forward velocity causes the advancing blade to.
Option A. flap down to increase lift.
Option B. give increased lift due to blade flapping.
Option C. flap up to reduce lift.
Correct Answer is. flap up to reduce lift.

Question Number. 256. When moving from the hover to forward flight it is necessary to.
Option A. increase the engine power.
Option B. decrease the engine power.
Option C. maintain constant engine power.
Correct Answer is. increase the engine power.

Question Number. 257. After a change in collective pitch the Rotor RPM will rise and fall. This is called.
Option A. static droop.
Option B. transient droop.
Option C. under swing.
Correct Answer is. transient droop.
Explanation. The Helicopter and How it Flies by John Fay Page 20/21. The initial total fall in rotor RPM is called
transient droop. The change in stabilized RPM is referred to as static droop. The RPM difference between transient droop
and static droop is called the under swing.

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Question Number. 258. After a change in pitch of a rotor blade, the blade will be at maximum flap at.
Option A. 90°.
Option B. 0°.
Option C. 180°.
Correct Answer is. 90°.

Question Number. 259. The rotor disc is.

Option A. the ground cushion.
Option B. the distance between tip to tip.
Option C. the rotor head hub.
Correct Answer is. the distance between tip to tip.

Question Number. 260. The maximum forward speed of a helicopter is limited by.
Option A. retreating blade stall and the forward speed of the advancing blade.
Option B. engine power.
Option C. the shape of the fuselage.
Correct Answer is. retreating blade stall and the forward speed of the advancing blade.

Question Number. 261. What principle does the delta 3 hinge use?
Option A. Triangular pitch change lever.
Option B. Flapping actuators.
Option C. Offset hinges.
Correct Answer is. Offset hinges.

Question Number. 262. As the angle of attack of a rotor blade increases, it affects the.
Option A. flapping forces.
Option B. dragging and the flapping forces.
Option C. dragging forces.
Correct Answer is. dragging and the flapping forces.

Question Number. 263. With an increase in its angle of attack, the drag acting on a rotor blade.
Option A. decreases.
Option B. increases.
Option C. remains constant.
Correct Answer is. increases.

Question Number. 264. Forces on a helicopter, in a power-on descent are.

Option A. lift, drag, thrust, weight.
Option B. lift, drag, thrust.
Option C. weight, drag, lift.
Correct Answer is. lift, drag, thrust, weight.

Question Number. 265. The bell stability augmentation system is based on.
Option A. flapping hinges.
Option B. offset hinges.
Option C. gyroscopic forces.
Correct Answer is. gyroscopic forces.

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Question Number. 266. During forward flight the advancing blade will.
Option A. flap down.
Option B. flap up.
Option C. lag.
Correct Answer is. flap up.

Question Number. 267. What is the advancing blade on a helicopter doing?

Option A. Going to the highest point.
Option B. Increasing in lift.
Option C. Increasing in drag.
Correct Answer is. Increasing in lift.

Question Number. 268. What is the swash plate on a helicopter used for?
Option A. Control of the pitch of the rotor blades.
Option B. Control of the speed of the rotor blades.
Option C. Control of the flap of the rotor blades.
Correct Answer is. Control of the pitch of the rotor blades.

Question Number. 269. Upwash on a helicopter would result in.

Option A. decrease in lift.
Option B. increase in lift without an increase in power.
Option C. decrease in speed.
Correct Answer is. increase in lift without an increase in power.
Explanation. Upwash increases angle of attack.

Question Number. 270. After a roll to the left of a statically unstable helicopter, the helicopter would.
Option A. continue to roll further.
Option B. remain at the position that it had rolled to.
Option C. roll back to the horizontal.
Correct Answer is. continue to roll further.

Question Number. 271. The difference between transient droop and static droop is.
Option A. overswing.
Option B. underswing.
Option C. a hole in one.
Correct Answer is. underswing.
Explanation. The Helicopter history, piloting and how it flies John Fay ISBN81-70002-030-1 Page No 21".

Question Number. 272. What happens to a helicopter in autorotative flight?

Option A. The rotor goes in the normal direction of rotation.
Option B. The rotor goes the opposite direction to the normal direction of rotation.
Option C. The cabin goes in the direction of rotation.
Correct Answer is. The rotor goes in the normal direction of rotation.

Question Number. 273. The RPM of the rotor blades is constant, within small limits to.
Option A. prevent blades over-speeding.
Option B. prevent blades folding up during flight.
Option C. reduce torque loading.
Correct Answer is. prevent blades folding up during flight.

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Question Number. 274. To maintain the position of the helicopter, when hovering with a decrease in air density,
the pilot must.
Option A. increase the collective pitch.
Option B. increase rotor RPM.
Option C. increase the cyclic pitch.
Correct Answer is. increase the collective pitch.

Question Number. 275. Relative airflow over a helicopter blade.

Option A. increases at the tip.
Option B. is unaffected by blade position.
Option C. increases at the root.
Correct Answer is. increases at the tip.

Question Number. 276. An helicopter fin helps to give.

Option A. longitudinal stability about the normal axis.
Option B. directional stability about the normal axis.
Option C. directional stability about the longitudinal axis.
Correct Answer is. directional stability about the normal axis.

Question Number. 277. After a roll to the left of a statically stable helicopter, the helicopter would.
Option A. continue to roll.
Option B. come back to level flight.
Option C. increases roll.
Correct Answer is. come back to level flight.

Question Number. 278. Solidity of the rotor is the ratio of the.

Option A. blade area to disc area.
Option B. all up weight to blade area.
Option C. all up weight to disc area.
Correct Answer is. blade area to disc area.

Question Number. 279. Which direction is the air flowing through the main rotor during autorotation?
Option A. Upwards.
Option B. Parallel to the rotor chord line.
Option C. Downwards.
Correct Answer is. Upwards.

Question Number. 280. The purpose of an off-set vertical stabilizer is to.

Option A. provide stability during vertical flight.
Option B. relieve some of the load on the tail rotor during forward flight.
Option C. provide lift during forward flight.
Correct Answer is. relieve some of the load on the tail rotor during forward flight.

Question Number. 281. The purpose of the horizontal stabilizer is to.

Option A. maintain the aircraft in as near a horizontal attitude as possible, during forward flight.
Option B. to reduce rotor head loads during translational flight.
Option C. to stabilize the aircraft in the hover.
Correct Answer is. maintain the aircraft in as near a horizontal attitude as possible, during forward flight.

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Question Number. 282. During autorotation, the rudder pedals.

Option A. would need to be backed off due to the loss of torque.
Option B. would have no effect on directional control.
Option C. would need to be advanced to counteract the increased torque.
Correct Answer is. would need to be backed off due to the loss of torque.

Question Number. 283. In forward flight, the advancing blade would be expected to.
Option A. lag.
Option B. increase pitch.
Option C. flap up.
Correct Answer is. flap up.

Question Number. 284. When the helicopter moves from the hover to translational flight, the lift vector will.
Option A. remain vertical.
Option B. move forward.
Option C. move aft.
Correct Answer is. move forward.

Question Number. 285. If the blade angle of attack increases.

Option A. lift increases only.
Option B. lift and drag increases.
Option C. drag increases only.
Correct Answer is. lift and drag increases.

Question Number. 286. When a blade is flapping up.

Option A. pitch will increase.
Option B. pitch will decrease.
Option C. lift and drag both increase.
Correct Answer is. pitch will decrease.

Question Number. 287. Vortex ring start requires.

Option A. retreating blade stall.
Option B. advancing blade stall.
Option C. power on descent.
Correct Answer is. power on descent.
Explanation. The helicopter and how it flies Page 117 by John Fay.

Question Number. 288. Rotor tip vortices are strongest when.

Option A. hovering with high weight.
Option B. flying high speed in straight and level flight.
Option C. flying into a headwind.
Correct Answer is. hovering with high weight.

Question Number. 289. Tail rotor effects the helicopter in.

Option A. pitch and roll.
Option B. vertical axis.
Option C. horizontal axis.
Correct Answer is. vertical axis.

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Question Number. 290. A blade of a Helicopter Main Rotor is.

Option A. highly cambered.
Option B. reverse cambered.
Option C. symmetrically cambered.
Correct Answer is. symmetrically cambered.

Question Number. 291. Helicopter rotor blades produce lift by.

Option A. moving a small mass of air downwards slowly.
Option B. moving a large mass of air downwards quickly.
Option C. creating a lower pressure above the blade than below.
Correct Answer is. creating a lower pressure above the blade than below.

Question Number. 292. With an increase in forward velocity of a helicopter, the increase in parasitic drag will
cause the fuselage attitude to.
Option A. pitch down.
Option B. remain level.
Option C. pitch up.
Correct Answer is. pitch down.
Explanation. The amount of parasitic drag increases with increasing airspeed, so that the thrust/parasite drag (nose
down) couple becomes stronger.

Question Number. 293. On a helicopter, rotor disc lift happens.

Option A. 180° later.
Option B. 90° later.
Option C. immediately.
Correct Answer is. immediately.

Question Number. 294. During an autorotative decent, rotor RPM will be.
Option A. higher than in powered flight.
Option B. approximately the same as in powered flight.
Option C. lower than in powered flight.
Correct Answer is. higher than in powered flight.

Question Number. 295. Lift in a helicopter is a result of.

Option A. pitch * square root of speed.
Option B. angle of attack * velocity squared.
Option C. angle of attack * velocity squared and forward speed.
Correct Answer is. angle of attack * velocity squared.

Question Number. 296. After a change in pitch of a rotor blade the blade will be at maximum flap at.
Option A. 180°.
Option B. 90°.
Option C. 0°.
Correct Answer is. 90°.

Question Number. 297. When the rotor blade increases its angle of attack, the centre of pressure.
Option A. does not move.
Option B. moves rearwards.
Option C. moves forward.
Correct Answer is. does not move.

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Question Number. 298. Autorotative force attempts to pull the rotor blade.
Option A. in the direction of normal rotation.
Option B. both in and against the direction of normal rotation.
Option C. against the direction of normal rotation.
Correct Answer is. in the direction of normal rotation.

Question Number. 299. The ground effect is effective up to a height equalling.

Option A. twice the diameter of the rotor disc.
Option B. the length of the fuselage.
Option C. the diameter of the rotor disc.
Correct Answer is. the diameter of the rotor disc.

Question Number. 300. Movement of the collective control will.

Option A. increase the pitch of the main rotor blades.
Option B. increase the pitch of the tail rotor.
Option C. tilt the disc and increase engine power.
Correct Answer is. increase the pitch of the main rotor blades.

Question Number. 301. Rotor blade sailing is a problem at.

Option A. low rotor RPM at engine shut down.
Option B. normal rotor RPM in gusty conditions.
Option C. high rotor RPM at engine start up.
Correct Answer is. low rotor RPM at engine shut down.

Question Number. 302. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil which is slower moving, in relation to the
rest of the airflow, is known as.
Option A. camber layer.
Option B. boundary layer.
Option C. none of the above are correct.
Correct Answer is. boundary layer.

Question Number. 303. During helicopter forward flight the retreating blade will tend to.
Option A. flap down.
Option B. no change.
Option C. flap up.
Correct Answer is. flap down.

Question Number. 304. When airflow velocity over an upper cambered surface of an aerofoil decreases, what
takes place?
Option A. Pressure increases, lift decreases.
Option B. Pressure decreases, lift increases.
Option C. Pressure increases, lift increases.
Correct Answer is. Pressure increases, lift decreases.

Question Number. 305. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and skin friction?
Option A. Countersunk rivets used on skin exterior.
Option B. Fineness ratio.
Option C. Aspect ratio.
Correct Answer is. Countersunk rivets used on skin exterior.

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Question Number. 306. Changes in aircraft weight.

Option A. will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant.
Option B. will not affect total drag since it is dependant only upon speed.
Option C. cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change.
Correct Answer is. cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the associated lift change.

Question Number. 307. When an aerofoil stalls.

Option A. lift and drag increase.
Option B. lift decreases and drag increases.
Option C. lift increases and drag decreases.
Correct Answer is. lift decreases and drag increases.

Question Number. 308. When a helicopter rotor disc is tilted forward, what happens to the pitch of the retreating
blade?
Option A. Increases.
Option B. Remains constant.
Option C. Decreases.
Correct Answer is. Increases.

Question Number. 309. Airflow through the main rotor disc in autorotation is.
Option A. always down through the rotor disc.
Option B. always up through the rotor disc.
Option C. may be either up or down.
Correct Answer is. always up through the rotor disc.

Question Number. 310. The blade stalling speed will.

Option A. only change if the MTWA were changed.
Option B. increase with an increase in helicopter weight.
Option C. be unaffected by helicopter weight changes since it is dependant upon the angle of attack.
Correct Answer is. increase with an increase in helicopter weight.

Question Number. 311. Ground effect will be most apparent when.

Option A. taxiing in the hover.
Option B. hovering close to the ground.
Option C. taxiing on the ground.
Correct Answer is. hovering close to the ground.

Question Number. 312. When entering into a stable autorotative state, the main rotor RPM will initially.
Option A. increase.
Option B. decrease.
Option C. be unaffected.
Correct Answer is. decrease.

Question Number. 313. The stalling speed of an helicopter blade.

Option A. is increased when the helicopter is heavier.
Option B. is increased when the helicopter is lighter.
Option C. does not change.
Correct Answer is. is increased when the helicopter is heavier.

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Question Number. 314. Helicopters in forward flight are usually.

Option A. directionally stable.
Option B. laterally stable.
Option C. longitudinally stable.
Correct Answer is. directionally stable.

Question Number. 315. Stability of a helicopter is its.

Option A. ability to hover at a fixed point above the ground.
Option B. ability to move in all 3 axis where and when required.
Option C. ability to return to original attitude after displacement.
Correct Answer is. ability to return to original attitude after displacement.

Question Number. 316. In forward flight the relative air velocity at each blade.
Option A. is greatest for the retreating blade.
Option B. is equal at all blades due to compensation.
Option C. is greatest for the advancing blade.
Correct Answer is. is greatest for the advancing blade.

Question Number. 317. What forces are acting on the helicopter during descent?
Option A. Lift only.
Option B. Lift and weight.
Option C. Weight only.
Correct Answer is. Lift and weight.

Question Number. 318. The ground cushion effect is apparent.

Option A. in the hover only.
Option B. in the hover and at low translational flight close to the ground.
Option C. on the ground only.
Correct Answer is. in the hover and at low translational flight close to the ground.

Question Number. 319. If the angle of attack is increased on a main rotor blade.
Option A. there is no change in drag.
Option B. there is an increase in drag.
Option C. there is a reduction in drag.
Correct Answer is. there is an increase in drag.

Question Number. 320. A helicopter main rotor blade may be tapered from root to tip to.
Option A. equalize lift along the blade.
Option B. reduce induced drag.
Option C. reduce the blade weight.
Correct Answer is. equalize lift along the blade.

Question Number. 321. A helicopter main rotor blade is twisted from root to tip to.
Option A. permit the blade to straighten under aerodynamic load.
Option B. equalize lift along the blade.
Option C. give the blade additional strength.
Correct Answer is. equalize lift along the blade.

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Question Number. 322. Translational drift is.

Option A. the tendency for the aircraft to drift laterally.
Option B. the tendency for the aircraft to turn to port.
Option C. the tendency for the aircraft to pitch nose up.
Correct Answer is. the tendency for the aircraft to drift laterally.

Question Number. 323. The choice of aerofoil section for a rotor blade is such that.
Option A. it has a stable centre of pressure.
Option B. the C of P moves very slowly.
Option C. the C of P moves rapidly in response to pitch changes.
Correct Answer is. it has a stable centre of pressure.

Question Number. 324. When the rotor blade is flapping up, the angle of attack.
Option A. remains the same as the pitch angle.
Option B. is less than the pitch angle.
Option C. is greater than the pitch angle.
Correct Answer is. is less than the pitch angle.

Question Number. 325. When the rotor blade is flapping down, the pitch angle.
Option A. is less than the angle of attack.
Option B. remains the same.
Option C. is greater than the angle of attack.
Correct Answer is. is less than the angle of attack.

Question Number. 326. The tropopause exists at about.

Option A. 18,000 ft.
Option B. 30,000 ft.
Option C. 36,000 ft.
Correct Answer is. 36,000 ft.

Question Number. 327. The rotor blades operate at the best Lift/Drag ratio when their.
Option A. angle of attack is 0 degrees.
Option B. pitch angles closely approach the stall angle.
Option C. angle of attack is about +3 degrees.
Correct Answer is. angle of attack is about +3 degrees.

Question Number. 328. The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is that point on the cord line.
Option A. which moves most, with changes in angle of attack, if the section is symmetrical.
Option B. at which the highest pressure is said to act.
Option C. at which the lift forces resultant is said to act.
Correct Answer is. at which the lift forces resultant is said to act.

Question Number. 329. The main rotor assembly of a helicopter provides.

Option A. both lift and horizontal thrust.
Option B. lift, a component of which is horizontal so thrust is obtained.
Option C. lift, but an unbalanced component in the direction of flight moves the aircraft forward.
Correct Answer is. lift, a component of which is horizontal so thrust is obtained.

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Question Number. 330. An advantage of the symmetrical section blades used on helicopters is that.
Option A. the movement of the center of pressure with changes of the angle of attack is greater than that of a fixed
wing.
Option B. the center of pressure moves forward with changes in angle of attack.
Option C. the position of the feather axis and the center of pressure and center of gravity coincide, providing stability.
Correct Answer is. the position of the feather axis and the center of pressure and center of gravity coincide, providing
stability.

Question Number. 331. Which part of the rotor disc produces the most lift during forward flight?
Option A. The mid-span portion.
Option B. The front portion.
Option C. The rear portion.
Correct Answer is. The front portion.

Question Number. 332. The aerofoil shape of a main rotor blade is symmetrical in order to make the blade have.
Option A. the highest possible lift co-efficient when hovering.
Option B. the best possible autorotative characteristics.
Option C. a relatively stable centre of pressure position with changes in angle of attack.
Correct Answer is. a relatively stable centre of pressure position with changes in angle of attack.

Question Number. 333. Aspect ratio is the ratio of the.

Option A. disc diameter to the chord.
Option B. blade chord to the disc area.
Option C. blade span to the chord.
Correct Answer is. blade span to the chord.

Question Number. 334. Disc loading is defined as the.

Option A. ratio of gross weight to disc area.
Option B. ratio of blade area to disc area.
Option C. ratio of gross weight to total blade area.
Correct Answer is. ratio of gross weight to disc area.

Question Number. 335. A helicopter has a main rotor which rotates anticlockwise viewed from above. What
happens if a loss of anti-torque device at cruise speed in flight?
Option A. Nose pitches up slightly + yaw to right.
Option B. Nose pitches up slightly + yaw to left.
Option C. No appreciable change.
Correct Answer is. Nose pitches up slightly + yaw to right.

Question Number. 336. Over pitch causes.

Option A. an increase in RPM.
Option B. a reduction in RPM.
Option C. blades to cone up.
Correct Answer is. blades to cone up.

Question Number. 337. A shrouded tail rotor.

Option A. reduces need for cyclic feathering.
Option B. gives control in pitch and yaw.
Option C. has increased airflow so yaw can be controlled by the rudder.
Correct Answer is. reduces need for cyclic feathering.

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Question Number. 338. In a helicopter with its main rotor turning anti-clockwise, which way does the aircraft tend
to drift?
Option A. Port if tail rotor is mounted on the right.
Option B. Starboard, irrespective of which side the tail rotor is mounted on.
Option C. Port if tail rotor is mounted on the left.
Correct Answer is. Starboard, irrespective of which side the tail rotor is mounted on.

4. Flight Stability and Dynamics

Question Number. 1. Dihedral wings combat instability in.

Option A. yaw.
Option B. side-slip.
Option C. pitch.
Correct Answer is. side-slip.
Explanation. As the aircraft side-slips, there is a greater angle of attack on the lower wing which increases
lift,straightens the aircraft and stops the side-slip.

Question Number. 2. An aircraft, which is longitudinally stable, will tend to return to level flight after a
movement in which axis?.
Option A. Pitch.
Option B. Yaw.
Option C. Roll.
Correct Answer is. Pitch.
Explanation. Longitudinal stability is stability about the pitch axis.

Question Number. 3. The normal axis of an aircraft passes through.

Option A. the centre of gravity.
Option B. a point at the centre of the wings.
Option C. at the centre of pressure.
Correct Answer is. the centre of gravity.
Explanation. All the axis of the aircraft (normal, longitudinal and lateral) pass through the centre of gravity.

Question Number. 4. Due to the change in downwash on an untapered wing (i.e. one of constant chord
length) it will.
Option A. not provide any damping effect when rolling.
Option B. not suffer adverse yaw effects when turning.
Option C. tend to stall first at the root.
Correct Answer is. tend to stall first at the root.
Explanation. The change in downwash is caused by the wingtip vortices, which has a lesser affect inboard than it does
at the tip. The downwash reduces the effective angle of attack (more so at the tip). This causes the root of the wing to
stall before the tip.

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