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GEODESY

The document discusses concepts related to geodesy and latitude measurements. It defines key terms like the geoid, ellipsoid, equipotential surfaces, and different types of latitude. The geoid is the irregular surface of equal gravitational potential and is not the same as the reference ellipsoid. Geodetic latitude is measured from the ellipsoid while geocentric latitude is from the Earth's center. Reduced or parametric latitude is a function of both. Geoid undulation is the separation between the geoid and ellipsoid. The different latitude measurements are equal at the equator and poles but farthest at around 45 degrees latitude.

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Jamaica Noleal
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117 views2 pages

GEODESY

The document discusses concepts related to geodesy and latitude measurements. It defines key terms like the geoid, ellipsoid, equipotential surfaces, and different types of latitude. The geoid is the irregular surface of equal gravitational potential and is not the same as the reference ellipsoid. Geodetic latitude is measured from the ellipsoid while geocentric latitude is from the Earth's center. Reduced or parametric latitude is a function of both. Geoid undulation is the separation between the geoid and ellipsoid. The different latitude measurements are equal at the equator and poles but farthest at around 45 degrees latitude.

Uploaded by

Jamaica Noleal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEODESY When will you know if the instrument is perpendicular to the

geoid?
Geiod When the vertical axis of the instrument coincides to
- It is the irregular surface of the earth's gravity field the direction of gravity.
- It is the irregular surface of the earth's gravity field 
- Equipotential surface at mean sea level Latitudes
- Any point is perpendicular to the direction of gravity Astronomic Latitude (Vertical) 
- Reference for the values of the semi-major and semi- - angle created by the plumb line perpendicular to the
minor axis geoid's semi-major axis 
Geodetic Latitude (Normal) 
Level Surface - angle created by the plumb line perpendicular to
- Equipotential surface that when the irregular land the ellipsoid's semi-major axis
masses were removed, curve surface will remain.
Deflection of the Vertical 
Mean Sea Level - angle between the plumb line which is perpendicular
to the geoid and perpendicular to the ellipsoid
- Average sea level

Geodetic vs. Geocentric vs. Reduce Latitude

Geodetic Latitude (φ) 


- Normal ellipsoid at a point and the equatorial plane. 

Geocentric Latitude   (ψ)
- Center of the ellipse to the point

NOTE:
Reduced/ Parametric (β) 
Ellipsoid to Topo/terrain = ellipsoidal height - Angle at the center tangent
h to ellipsoid along the equator
Ellipsoid to Geoid = geoid undulation/geoid-ellipsoid and the radius to the point of
separation intersected along the sphere
N by the straight line. 
Geoid to Terrain/Topo – Orthometric height - in short parang geocentric
H but point used circle radius

How does Geoid look like in continental areas? 


Water Level in infinitely small canal in  land.

Geoid
- Coincides with the surface of the oceans that would
conform over the entire earth if force of effect of the
Earth's mass attraction and centrifugal force.
- Surface where gravity potential is equal and which
direction of gravity is always perpendicular
Facts
Geoidal surface- irregular in shape 
Ellipsoid - regular surface and with a regular specific
dimension
Therefore: The two will not coincide Derivation 
1st eccentricity
Geoid Undulation
See: Geoid Height/ geoid – ellipsoid separation 
- difference in ellipsoid and geoid 

Facts!
- Geodetic is the largest value 
- Geocentric is the smallest value

Sample
The parametric Latitude of 14° 21' N, Determine the Geodetic
and the Geocentric Latitude. 
Assuming (Clarke's Spheroid)
a= 6378206.4
b= 6356583.8

At What Latitude will the Geocentric, Reduced and Geodetic


Latitudes be the Same? 
- Equator
- Poles

At What Latitude will the Geocentric, Reduced and Geodetic


Latitudes have the greatest Difference? 
- somewhere in 45°

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