(People and Earth’s ecosystem)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter (IN CAPITAL) of the correct answer on the blank provided before each
number.
1. Which of the following is a natural source of gaseous emission causing green-house effect?
A. volcanic eruption C. burning of garbage
B. vehicles D. industries

2. Which of the following is a major contributor of water pollution in urban cities?

A. domestic sewage C. oil spill
B. agricultural runoff D. industrial waste

3. Which of the following is NOT an example of point source pollution?

A. Oil that is escaping from reservoir of gasoline station
B. Agricultural run off
C. Untreated wastes from hotels
D. Heavy metals from plastic factory

4. The following are recyclable wastes except

A. PET B. plastics C. diapers D. old tires

5. Which of the following is not an anthropogenic source of CO2?

A. volcanic eruption C. mining activities
B. burning of wastes D. deforestation

6. If earth has no green house gases, planet earth would be

A. too hot to support life
B. cooler but still able to support life
C. too cold to support life
D. it depends on the species of aerosol in the green house gas free atmosphere

7. The spread of water borne diseases can be best prevented by

A. eating fruits and vegetables C. disposing your garbage properly
B. sterilize your eating utensils D. clean your house

8. The power which the government has over its country.

A. natural resource C. economic good
B. territory D. property

9. Which is not a result of land degradation

A. increase in harvest C. flooding
B. soil erosion D. water scarcity

10. Which does not belong to the group?

A. increased in the number of cars C. industrialization
B. natural calamities D. mining activities

11. It measures the total amount of land and resources you use in your everyday life.
A. carrying capacity C. ecological footprint
B. sustainability D. ecological deficit
12. The Anthropocene is known as “the age of humans” because
A. it is the first time in earth’s history where humans have had an impact on the environment
B. We are releasing CO2 into the atmosphere at alarming rates
C. human activities burn fossil fuels and this is leading to global warming
D. all of the above
13. An S-shaped human population graph represents a/an
A. declining population C. Levelling off population
B. exponentially increasing population D. steadily growing population
C14. It requires that the number of children a couple in a population must have is two (2).
A. total fertility rate C. replacement fertility rate
B. birth rate D. average fertility rate

For numbers 15 and 16, please refer to the figure and choices below.

A. B. C.

15. Which among the population pyramids shows a population that has high birth rate and high death
rates?
16. A pyramid graph that displays a population that is not growing, usually indicative of a developed
country and high quality of life.
17. Which of the following would best describe an organism? A.
Are the living things in the environment.
B. Is a single living thing
C. Are the nonliving things in the environment.
D. A system that consists of all living and nonliving things
that depends on each other to survive.
18. Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why birds fly south for the winter?
A. Living things respond to their environment
B. Living things maintain internal balance
C. Living things are made up of units called cells
D. Living things are based on a universal genetic code

19. Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why humans sweat when they get
hot?
A. Growth and development C. Response to the environment B.
Maintain internal balance D. Use of energy
20. What is the term used to call each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
A. Energy path C. food pyramid
B. Food chain D. trophic level

21. An ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms
in a community from producers to decomposers

A. Food web B. ecosystem C. food chain D. population

22. Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the
remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
A. Used in reproduction C. Stored as fat
B. Stored as body tissue D. eliminated as heat

23. Lightning and soil bacteria are both involved in the production of

A. Nitrates B. potassium C. phosphates D. sulfates

24. In which waste bin should PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment) be placed?

A. Compostable B. residual wastes C. recyclable D. special wastes

25. This refers to a liquid that in the course of passing through solid waste materials, extracts soluble or
suspended solids, causing pollution specifically to nearby body of water.

A. Effluent B. Leachate C. Run off D. septic tank

26. Which government entity is mandated to ensure the hundred percent collection of solid wastes?
A. National Solid Wastes Management Commission
B. Municipal Local Government
C. DENR – Environmental Management Bureau
D. Barangay Local Government Units
27. Which of the following is not included in the parameters of sustainable development?
A. Carrying capacity C. gender disparity and diversity
B. Inter and intra-generation equity D. none of the above

28. In which waste bin should milk or chocolate tetra packs be placed?

A. Compostable B. residual wastes C. recyclable D. special wastes

29. What is the RA 9003?

A. The Philippine Waste Act of 2000
B. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
C. Proper Waste Management Act of 2000
D. The Environmental Code of the Philippines 2000
30. Which of the following resource is sustainable?

A. Coal B. bamboo C. natural gas D. oil

31. How do ecologists define biodiversity?

A. Whole variety of life on Earth
B. A group of plants and animals that live in an ecosystem C. Region of Earth
where all organisms live and interact
D. Richness and complexity of a biological community.
32. The world’s diversity is concentrated near the equator. Which of the following factor(s) can explain
this?

A. Temperature B. amount of sunlight C. precipitation D. all of these

33. Which situation has had the most negative effects in the attainment of sustainable society?
A. Use of air pollution controls C. Increasing human population
B. Recycling glass, plastic and metals D. Use of natural predators to control insect pests

34. One reason why people should be aware or the impact of their actions on the environment is that
……
A. Ecosystems are never able to recover once they have been adversely affected.
B. The depletion of finite resources cannot be reversed
C. There is a decreased need for new technology
D. There is a decreased need for substances produced by natural processes.
35. The following are the decisions humans have to make to lower down the population except one.
Which one is it?
A. family planning C. pollution control
B. increase consumption D. habitat protection

36. Which of the following will not likely to happen when population growth continues?
A. population catastrophe C. reduced consumption
B. widespread environmental damage D. depletion of Earth’s resources

37. An exponentially growing population is represented by a graph that is

A. J-shaped C. straight-line
B. S-shaped D. parabolic

38. Which of the following statements is true about human population dynamics?

A. Births add people only in the youngest age group whereas deaths remove people only in
the old age group.
B. Births add people only in the youngest age group while deaths remove people also in the
young adult age group.
C. Births add people from all age groups whereas deaths remove people from old age group.
D. Births add people only in the youngest group, whereas, deaths remove people from all age
groups.
39. If you stand in the middle of an open field, you are standing among individual organisms, different
species, populations, and communities. What makes up one of the populations in the field?
A. all organisms of the same species
B. the different communities in the ecosystem
C. the communities that occupy the same niche
D. all organisms that live in a certain part of the field
40. The rainforests in South America support many ecosystems. These ecosystems are healthy. How
does the diversity in the rainforests help determine the health of ecosystems? A. When
diversity is high, there are more resources available.
B. Resources in the environment last longer when the diversity is low.
C. Less diverse ecosystems have less competition among the residents.
D. Areas with high diversity have increased competition among the residents.
41. How could we know for a backyard ecosystem to have low diversity? A.
The number of insect species is very low.
B. There are more insect species present in the environment.
C. The plant species outnumber the insect and other animal species.
D. There are only a few different species of plants, animals, and insects.

42. Most of the energy available to a consumer trophic level is used by organisms for A.
transfer to the next trophic level.
B. respiration, movement, and reproduction. C.
producing inorganic chemical compounds.
D. performing photosynthesis.
43. There are 40,000g of biomass energy available on trophic level one. How much energy is available for
the tertiary consumer?
A. 4,000g
B. 400g

C. 40g

D. 4g
44. Growing legumes such as alfalfa or soy beans increases
A. Denitrification C. ammonification
B. nitrogen fixation D. ammonium oxidation

45. What is the main human source that emits Carbon Dioxide?
A. Combustion of fossil fuels (natural gas, coal, and oil)
B. Cement Production
C. Deforestation
D. Vehicles Emissions
46. The biogeochemical cycles do NOT include
A. cycles caused by human activity. C. the destruction of nutrients
B. geological processes. D. chemical and physical processes

47. How does phosphorus move through the biosphere?

A. by cycling within and between ecosystems
B. by one-way movement through ecosystems
C. by air and water but not by organisms
D. by organisms but not by air or water

48. An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is a

A. heterotroph B. consumer C. detritivore D. autotroph

49. Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are

A. decomposers B. omnivores C. autotrophs D. consumers

50. The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called

A. organic mass B. trophic mass C. energy mass D. biomass

51. Decomposers are important to the ecosystems because they
A. Return vital nutrients to the ecosystem C. are producers
B. Capture energy from the sun D. can be omnivores

52. Temperature, water, soil, and air are abiotic factors in an environment. They are not the same
everywhere. What role do abiotic factors such as these play in an ecosystem?
A. They control the changes of the seasons
B. They prevent competition among populations
C. They determine which plants and animals have on the ecosystem
D. They help control the effect humans might have on the ecosystem.
53. What is a niche?
E. Is a way to describe a large group of similar ecosystems.
F. Includes all populations of living things
G. Is the place where an organism lives within an ecosystem.
H. It is the complete role or function of an organism in its ecosystem.

54. Which of the following describes a biome?

A. Is a way to describe a large group of similar ecosystems
B. Includes all populations of living things
C. Is a place where an organism lives within an ecosystem
D. It is the complete role or function of an organism in its ecosystem.

55. Which of the following governs the nutrient cycling process?

A. Law of Thermodynamics C. Law of Conservation of Energy B. Law of
Conservation of Matter D. Laws of Motion

56. Which of the following situations may cause a land area to be less densely populated?
B. More job opportunities C. Rich resources
C. Dry climatic conditions D. condition conducive for domestication of animals

57. It displays a population that has low birthrates but high deathrates, and large proportion of the
population has a better access to education and health care.
A. Expansive C. Constrictive
B. Stationary D. either expansive or constructive

58. Soil is formed from weathered rocks and organic matter.

A. True B. False

59. Weathering is the transfer of soil from one place to another due to natural agents.

A. True B. False
60. Denudation of forest can cause severe erosion.
A. True B. False

ESSAY:(10 points)
Briefly but concisely describe the changes on the Earth’s ecosystem as a result of human activities. Give
suggestions on how the negative changes mentioned can be mitigated. You may cite examples as
observed in your localities or those that you have read or heard from the news.