Carson Pirie and

Scott Store
An Architectural Precedent

Evania Fortuna
Luke
024202200003

Evania Fortuna Luke

024202200003
 Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Report Preparation Purposes
3. Building Profile
4. Plan To Section To Relevant
5. Circulation To Use Space
6. Structure
7. Repetitive to Unique
8. Environmental Management
9. Application of Technology
10. Conclusion
11. Bibliography
 Introduction
The Carson Pirie and Scott Store, also known as The
Sullivan Center, is a structure in Chicago that is
situated at the intersection of State Street and Madison.
This building, which was constructed between 1899
and 1903, is one of the most iconic creations of the
renowned Chicago school and had a significant impact
on the development of high rise structures.
Report Preparation Purposes
This report was written with the intention of educating the
reader of the information that was learned the analysis The
Carson Pirie and Scott Store. The details discussed include the
background of the building and the elements, such as Plan to
Section, Massing and Programming, Circulation to
Use-Space, Structure, Repetitive to Unique, Environmental
Management, and Application of Technology.
 Building Profile This commercial structure was created by Louis Sullivan in 1899 for the Schlesinger &
Mayer firm, and he expanded it in order to sell it to HG Selfridge & Co in 1904.
Sullivan Center was first built as a result of the "Chicago Great Fire of 1871," a major
fire that occurred in Chicago in 1871. To create the initial plans for the Bowen
Building, the addition of two storeys to the Bowen Building, and the four-story
building to the south, Schlesinger and Mayer employed Adler and Sullivan in 1890.
The building's white exterior was painted after the addition of the facade to match the
ground floor. Schlesinger and Mayer decided against turning it into a ten-story
structure. Later, it was given a white paint job, and a bridge with a raised rail was
added to connect the building's two stories. Schlesinger and Mayer chose to demolish
the ancient structure at State and Madison in 1898 and replace it with a new structure
created by Sullivan.

The structure has had several owners since it was first constructed in 1904, and Carson, Pirie Scott & Co was its final occupant. A number of changes
were made to the structure throughout the century to make it more in line with the contemporary fashion, such as the removal of the cornice in 1948 and
the extravagant exterior and interior details designed by Louis Sullivan. Carson commissioned the John Vinci company to restore the Sullivan façade and
main entrance in 1960 after the company leased Holabird & Root to expand the building to the south side. In 1975, the building was also given the
National Historic Landmark designation. 1978 to 1980 saw the restoration's completion.
Plan To Section To Relevant

Carson Pirie and Scott Store is a 63.14m high rise building with 12 floors
in it. Floors 1 and 2 are used as department stores. Floors 3 until 12 are
used as office space, and the Chicago Art Institute school. Sullivan's
designs for floors three through twelfth were fairly modern at the start of
the last century.
 Massing and Programming
Picture 1 is the initial design for this building. Initially this building
was designed rather short and wide. Then during construction, the
building was compacted and added 2 floors to 12 floorsand a small
room was added on top of the building. And now the Sullivan Center
is shaped like picture 2.

1 2
 Circulation To Use Space

This building has 12 floors and was used as an office and

shopping area. Each floor of this building has the same
floor plan, the difference only lies in the placement of the
stores in the building. This building has 7 doors. The part
circled in red is the 4 main doors which are the main
access for visitors to enter the building which is located
on the front, the green circle is the door located on the
side of the building used as an exit and the yellow circle
is another door located on the back of the building is
used as an emergency exit.

The Main 4 Doors

 1. Main Entrance The ornaments at the main entrance have different ornaments
and colors (Pic 1, The Circle Orange) so that when we walk
around the building there, we can know where the main door
is and make it easier for visitors to access it. The circulation in
this building is only focused on door access, a place where
everyone can enter and leave this building. This main entrance
is the core of all the circulation in it. When we have entered
this building we can access the place inside. And this building
has stairs but only up to the 3rd floor (Pic 2, The green circle).
Circulation access in this building is limited because of the
many columns inside the building.

2. Circulation Inside The Building 4. The Columns Inside The Building

3. The Stairs
 Structure

Column Inside The Building Column Outside The Building

This building has 3 elements of the structure, such as columns,

walls, and also beams. This building has 2 kinds of columns, such
as columns inside the building and columns on the outside of the
building that blend with the walls. On the floor plan above there
are 2 purple and blue circles. The blue circle is the inner column,
while the purple circle is the outer column. This building column
uses a spiral column type because the spiral column is stronger in
supporting the load of the building, and also the function of this
column is to provide the ability for the column to absorb
considerable deformation before collapsing, thereby preventing
the destruction of the building structure.
The Spiral Column
The construction of the wall structure of this
building is coated with cast iron ornaments
that surround the display window and the
steel frame allows for wide windows that use
double glazing and functions to get natural
light and make the display of these items
visible from the outside. The construction of
this building's entrance uses cast iron and
casting techniques which function to produce
a framework that is sturdy, lightweight, and
fire resistant. Then on the exterior walls use
terra-cotta with the aim that the building is
fire resistant.

To combine columns, we need something

called a beam. This building uses simply
supported beam type. The facade material
used in this building is cast iron pillars. On
the ground floor, layers of cast iron are
painted dark green and then smoothed over
with intricate leaf patterns. Additional
ornaments and decorative cornices were
added to the main entrance roundabout. Beam
Repetitive to Unique

We can see in the picture on the side, the first shape we can
see is located at the entrance, which is a combination of a
triangle and a semicircle. It is called unique by
transformation of repetitive because even though the
entrance part is different on its own or called the unique, it
does not disturb the circulation in the building. The function
of the unique is as the main door for people to enter the
building.
Environtmental Management
Inside the building, this building uses
a lot of glass on the first floor and
second floor of the department store
area to function as natural light and
make the items displayed there visible
from the outside. The 3rd floor to the
12th floor is used as an office space
and there are many windows with the
aim of letting in sunlight and being
able to change oxygen and windows
too. Even though this place uses a lot
of natural light through windows but
because it is located between other
big buildings of course still need help
from the lights.
For outside the building, Sullivan wanted to make an
organic concept for the building, but seeing the conditions
in a dense area that might make it difficult for Sullivan to
unite the theme of the building with the surrounding
buildings, Sullivan only added a little organic theme to the
entrance ornaments, namely complicated patterns such as
Midwestern grass, berries, flowers and vines made of steel
rope.
Application of Technology
Elevator is one of the technologies that really helps us in visiting
high-rise buildings because of easy access to move from one floor
to another. This building has 12 floors, which means that the
elevator in the building has a limit of up to the 12th floor. This
elevator is designed with a unique ornament that is above the
elevator door which is made of iron with leaf and flower motifs.

Another technology used in this building is Air Conditioning. Air

conditioning is a technology that is widely used in large buildings
such as department stores, hotels, etc. including the Sullivan
Center, even this building uses air conditioning to regulate the
room temperature in the building.
This building uses the technology commonly used in department stores, namely lighting. This
lamp is used to illuminate the building to help natural lighting. As well as the lights outside
the building are used from the afternoon to the evening. In this building the light used in this
lobby is a type of light bulb which has a high level of brightness and for the lights in this
building it uses a type of LED light.

This building uses white terra-cotta which is used on the window facades. Then for the facade
at the entrance, initially the facade used bronze but was changed to cast iron for reasons of
saving money. The frame was handcrafted and Sullivan stretched the cast iron nearly to the
breaking point.

This building's main entrance has four doors which are mounted on a central axis and rotate
around a vertical axis in a cylinder. This revolving door uses automatic sensors, sensors are
supporting devices for converting physical quantities into electrical quantities.

Revolving Door Cast Iron

 Conclusion
The Carson Pirie and Scott Store is a structure in Chicago which was constructed
between 1899 and 1903. This commercial structure was created by Louis Sullivan
in 1899 for the Schersinger & Mayer firm, and he sell it to HG Selfridges & Co.
This building has 12 floors, floors 1 and 2 are used as department store and floors 3
until 12 are used as office space, and the Chicago Art Institute School. Initially this
building was designed to be wide and short, but in the end this building was made
12 floors high and narrowed in area. This building has many columns in it and
makes circulation in it limited. The walls on the outside of this building are made
using terra cotta. This building has a unique by transformation type because of its
unique entrance. On the top of the entrance there are shapes of flowers, berries and
other plants that beautify this building. This building uses common technology
such as elevators, lights, air conditioning and doors with automatic sensors.
 Bibliography
Arsitektur Matana 2016. (2017, November 23). Wainwright Building &
Sullivan Center. Wix.com.
https://ars2016matana.wixsite.com/website/single-post/2017/11/23/wainwrig
ht-building-sullivan-center#:~:text=Sullivan%20Center%20pada%20awalny
a%20dikembangkan,sama%20untuk%20membuat%20sebuah%20retail.

Benedante. (2017, February 17). Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company

Building, Chicago, by Louis Sullivan. Blogspot.com.
http://benedante.blogspot.com/2017/02/carson-pirie-scott-and-company-buil
ding.html?m=1