Assignment September 29 Solution

1.
The animation shows a charged particle traveling first through a region where there are electric and magnetic
fields. You can change the value of the electric field (between 0 and 200 kV/m). The magnetic field is 0.1 T in
that region as well as the region to the right where there is no electric field (position is given in mm, 10-3 m).
(a) What is the velocity of the particle as it passes through the region of crossed electric and magnetic
fields?
(b) What is the charge to mass ratio of this particle (it is not an electron)?
DATA:
Above are shown the series of snapshots of the experiment. Notice that when the electric field is at around 150
kV/m, the particle is undeflected while traversing the region within the parallel plates. When it emerges from
this region its position is (xi, yi) = (10.3mm, 0mm) and collides the bottom at (xf, yf) = (10.3mm, -35.3mm).
CALCULATION:
(a) Using the cross-fields expression, we can calculate the velocity of the particle as it emerges from the
plates region:
𝐸 150𝑥103 𝑉/𝑚
𝑣= = = 1.5 𝑥 106 𝑚/𝑠
𝐵 0.1 𝑇
(b) With the known speed calculated in (a) we can use the radius of gyration expression to calculate the
charge to mass ratio as follows:
𝑚𝑣
𝑟=
𝑒𝐵
𝑒 𝑣 (1.5 𝑥 106 𝑚/𝑠) 𝑠 𝐶
= = −2
= 8.5 𝑥 108 [𝑚2 𝑜𝑟 ]
𝑚 𝑟𝐵 (1.765 𝑥 10 𝑚)(0.1 𝑇) 𝑇 𝑘𝑔
(Note: If this were a singly-charge positive ion, this could possibly be a beryllium atom. The atomic mass of the
beryllium atom is 9.01 amu.)
2. The animation illustrates a charged particle in a Millikan oil drop apparatus (position is given in mm and
time in seconds). When the voltage between the plates is off, the drop falls freely with a constant speed
because it quickly reaches terminal velocity due to air resistance. When the voltage is on, the droplet is
suspended between the plates. Some constants used in this animation that may be useful: density of the oil is
875 kg/m3, density of air is 1 kg/m3, and the viscosity of air in this animation is 7 × 10−6 N·s/m2. The droplet is
not shown to scale to make it visible.
a. If the voltage required to suspend the drop is 280 V, how many excess electrons does the drop have?
b. If the same drop were to only have one excess electron, what voltage would be required?
DATA:
The two plates providing the electric field is separated by 5mm.
The figure shows that the oil drop fell for 9.2 seconds at the height of 2.5 mm when the voltage is zero.
(x,y) = (0mm,0mm) to (0mm, -2.5mm)

The next figure shows that the oil drop is suspended when provide a voltage of 280 V.
CALCULATIONS:
(a) Since the oil-drop has a constant speed (considered a terminal speed, vT, because of the air resistance) and
assuming the oil-drop quickly achieved this constant when it free-fell, then:
2.5 𝑥 10−3 𝑚
𝑣𝑇 = = 2.7 𝑥 10−4 𝑚/𝑠
9.2 𝑠
Without deriving the expression ( because the air resistance has substantial effect on the oil-drop’s free fall condition)
the drag force due to the air is given by 𝐹𝐷 = 6𝜋𝑟𝜂𝑣𝑇 where  is the viscosity of air and r is the radius of the droplet
assumed to be spherically-shaped.
4𝜋 3
Accounting for the buoyant effects of air, the apparent weight of the droplet can be written as 𝑊 = 3
𝑟 (𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔,
where  is the droplets density, air is the density of air and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
With the voltage turned on, the droplet is suspended by the electric force given by FE = qE = q(V/d) where q is the
charge of the droplet, V is the voltage provided and d is the plate separation.
Combining all of this we have the following:
While the droplet is in free fall achieving the terminal velocity:
𝐹𝐷 = 𝑊
4𝜋 3
6𝜋𝑟𝜂𝑣𝑇 = 𝑟 (𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔
3
This gives the radius as
9𝜂𝑣𝑇 9𝜋𝜂𝑣𝑇
𝑟2 = ;𝑟 = √
2(𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔 2(𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔
In the experiment the droplet has a radius given by:
𝑠 𝑚
9(7𝑥10−6 𝑁 ∙ )(2.7𝑥10−4 )
𝑟=√ 𝑚2 𝑠
= 9.96𝑥10−7 𝑚
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
2(875 − 1) 3 (9.8 2 )
𝑚 𝑠
With the droplet suspended by the electric field:
𝐹𝐸 = 𝑊
𝑉 4𝜋 3
𝑞 = 𝑟 (𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔
𝑑 3
We calculate the charge q:
4𝜋𝑟 3 𝑑(𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔

𝑞=
3𝑉
𝑘𝑔
4𝜋(9.96𝑥10−7 𝑚)3 (0.005𝑚)(874 3 )
Therefore, 𝑞 = 3(280𝑉)
𝑚
= 9.50𝑥10−19 𝐶 and the number electrons is  6.
(b) If there were only 1 extra electron in the droplet, we need 6 x 280 V or 1.66 kV of potential to suspend the
particle.

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1.

(x,y) = (0mm,0mm) to (0mm, -2.5mm)

Combining all of this we have the following:

While the droplet is in free fall achieving the terminal velocity:

In the experiment the droplet has a radius given by:

4𝜋𝑟 3 𝑑(𝜌 − 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 )𝑔

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