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Chapter 3 Notes A

The document discusses relationships between variables and interpreting scatterplots. An explanatory variable is independent and helps explain changes in the response variable, which is dependent and measures outcomes. The explanatory variable goes on the x-axis and response on the y-axis. A scatterplot between sprint time and long jump distance for students shows a negative relationship, with longer sprint times associated with shorter jump distances. Correlation measures the strength and direction of linear association between variables, ranging from -1 to 1, where values closer to -1 or 1 indicate a stronger linear relationship.

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39 views3 pages

Chapter 3 Notes A

The document discusses relationships between variables and interpreting scatterplots. An explanatory variable is independent and helps explain changes in the response variable, which is dependent and measures outcomes. The explanatory variable goes on the x-axis and response on the y-axis. A scatterplot between sprint time and long jump distance for students shows a negative relationship, with longer sprint times associated with shorter jump distances. Correlation measures the strength and direction of linear association between variables, ranging from -1 to 1, where values closer to -1 or 1 indicate a stronger linear relationship.

Uploaded by

nuoti guan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

1 Describing Relationships

Read 141

Why do we study relationships between two variables?

To predict and see how one quantitative variable affect or the other quantitative variable. Or, how one
changes cause the other variable to change.

Read 143–144

What is the difference between an explanatory variable and a response variable?

Explanatory variable is independent. It helps explain changes in response variable


Response variable is dependent variable. It measures the outcome of a study

Read 145–149

How do you know which variable to put on which axis? Where do you start each axis?
Explanatory variable goes to the x-axis and response variable goes to y axis
Inputs explain outputs

What is the easiest way to lose points when making a scatterplot? (xkcd.com/833)
No labels

Alternate Example: Track and Field Day! The table below shows data for 12 students in a statistics
class. Each member of the class ran a 40-yard sprint and then did a long jump (with a running start).
Make a scatterplot of the relationship between sprint time (in seconds) and long jump distance (in
inches).

Sprint time (s) 5.41 5.05 7.01 7.17 6.73 5.68 5.78 6.31 6.44 6.50 6.80 7.25
Long-jump distance (in) 171 184 90 65 78 130 173 143 92 139 120 110

42
What four characteristics should you consider when interpreting a scatterplot?
1. Direction (positive, negative, no association)
2. Form (linear or non-linear)
3. Strength (how closely the points follow the form)
4. Outlier (outside the overall pattern)

McD Salads Scatter Plot

25
Alternate Example: The following scatterplot shows the
amount of sodium (in milligrams) and amount of fat (in 20
grams) in salads from McDonalds (with no dressing).
Describe the relationship between sodium and fat. 15

10

Read 150: Using technology to create scatterplots 5

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Sodium (milligrams)

3.1 Correlation

Just like two distributions can have the same shape and center with different spreads, two associations
can have the same direction and form, but very different strengths.

Read 150–151

What is the correlation r?

It measures strength and direction of a linear association

What are some characteristics of the correlation?

-1≤r≤1
When r less than 0, it is a negative association
When r greater than 0, it is positive association
When r equal to 0, there is no association
When r closer to 0, it has a week association
When r closer to -1 or 1, it has a strong association

Which association is more linear: one with r = 0.50 or one with r = 0.90?
R = 0.90

Is correlation a resistant measure of strength?


NO, adding or deleting outlier will influence r.
43
An outlier in the pattern increases r
An outlier ouside the pattern moves are closer to 0

Read 152–157 (skim)

Do you need to know the formula for correlation?

What are some additional facts about correlation?

44

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