MATH 205: ADVANCED ALGEBRA AND

TRIGONOMETRY

CHAPTER 4.3.
GRAPH OF QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
EDWARD RAYMUND T. CUIZON
MAED - MATH
OBJECTIVES
Our session today has the following objectives:
1. Illustrate the graph Quadratic Functions
2. Identify the characteristics and properties of the graph of Quadratic
Functions
3. Graph the given Quadratic Functions
4. Derive Quadratic Functions from its zeros
RECOGNIZING PARABOLA
• The graph of a quadratic
function is a U-shaped curve
called a parabola.
• It has an extreme point, called
the vertex . It is also the turning
point on the graph.
• The parabola is symmetric to a
line drawn through the vertex,
called the axis of symmetry
VERTEX (MINIMUM OR MAXIMUM)
• If the parabola opens up, the vertex
represents the lowest point on the
graph, or the minimum value of the
quadratic function.

If the parabola opens down, the

vertex represents the highest
point on the graph, or the
maximum value.
X & Y - INTERCEPTS
• The y-intercept is the point at
which the parabola crosses the y-
axis.
• The x-intercepts are the points
at which the parabola crosses the
x-axis.
• If they exist, the x-intercepts
represent the zeros, or roots, of
the quadratic function, the
values of x at which y = 0
IDENTIFYING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARABOLA

EXERCISE 1:
Determine the vertex,
axis of symmetry,
zeros, and y- intercept
of the parabola shown
• Solution
The vertex is the turning point of the
graph. We can see that the vertex is at (3,
1).
Because this parabola opens upward,
the axis of symmetry is the vertical line
that intersects the parabola at the vertex.
So the axis of symmetry is x = 3.
This parabola does not cross the x- axis,
so it has no zeros. It crosses the y- axis at
(0, 7) so this is the y-intercept.
UNDERSTANDING HOW THE GRAPHS OF PARABOLAS
ARE RELATED TO THEIR QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
• The general form of a quadratic • If a < 0, the parabola opens
function presents the function in downward
the form f (x) = ax2 + bx + c
where a, b, and c are real • The axis of symmetry is
𝑏
numbers and a ≠ 0. defined by 𝑥 = −
2𝑎
• If a > 0, the parabola opens
upward.
UNDERSTANDING HOW THE GRAPHS OF
PARABOLAS ARE RELATED TO THEIR QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
• The standard form of a quadratic • As with the general form, if a >
function presents the function in 0, the parabola opens upward
the form and the vertex is a minimum.
f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k • If a < 0, the parabola opens
• where (h, k) is the vertex. downward, and the vertex is a
Because the vertex appears in maximum
the standard form of the
quadratic function, this form is
also known as the vertex form of
a quadratic function.
• If k > 0, the graph shifts upward, • If |a| > 1, the point associated with a
whereas if k < 0, the graph shifts particular x- value shifts farther from
downward. the x-axis, so the graph appears to
become narrower, and there is a
• If h > 0, the graph shifts toward vertical stretch
the right and if h < 0, the graph • But if |a| < 1, the point
shifts to the left associated with a particular x-
• The magnitude of a indicates the value shifts closer to the x-axis,
stretch of the graph. so the graph appears to become
wider, but in fact there is a
vertical compression
EXAMPLES

1
𝑦 = 5 (𝑥 + 1)2 +1 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 +1
2
DESCRIBING THE GRAPH
Describe the graph of the Solution #1:
following given quadratic 𝑏
function a. axis of symmetry: x = − 2𝑎 =
−8
−2 2 =2
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 8x + 5
b. ℎ = 2
c. 𝑘 = 𝑓 2 = 2(2)2 − 8 2 + 5 = −3
d. y-intercept: (0,c) = (0,5)
e. 2 >
1, hence the graph is narrower than
the graph of y = x2
DESCRIBING THE GRAPH
Describe the graph of the
following given quadratic
function
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 8x + 5
DESCRIBING THE GRAPH
Describe the graph of the Solution # 2:
following given quadratic 𝑏
function a. axis−2of symmetry: x = − 2𝑎 =
1 2 − 1 = −3
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2x + 1 2
3
3
b. ℎ = −3
1 2
c. 𝑘 = 𝑓 −3 = 3
(−3) + 2 −3 +
1 = −2
d. y-intercept: (0,c) = (0,1)
1
e. 3 < 1, hence the graph is wider
than the graph of y = x2
DESCRIBING THE GRAPH
Describe the graph of the
following given quadratic
function
1 2
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2x + 1
3
 WRITING THE EQUATION OF A QUADRATIC
FUNCTION FROM THE GRAPH
• Write an equation for the
quadratic function g(x) of
the graph below
THE QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS DERIVED FROM
ZEROS OF THE FUNCTION
• In deriving Quadratic Function given only its zeroes we can
use the form:
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑟1)(𝑥 − 𝑟2) , where r1 & r2 are the zeroes of the
function.
Example:
Find the function whose zeroes are 4 and 2.
Find the function whose zeroes are 4 and 2

Solution:
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑟1)(𝑥 − 𝑟2)
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 2) substitute r1 & r2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8 multiply
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖 simplify
THE QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS DERIVED FROM
ZEROS OF THE FUNCTION
• If a point is given in addition to the zeroes of the Quadratic
function are given, we use the form:
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑟1)(𝑥 − 𝑟2) , where r1 & r2 are the zeroes of
the function and a is the leading coefficient of the function.
Example:
Find the function whose zeroes are 2 and -3 and contains the
point (0,3).
Find the function whose zeroes are 2 and -3 and contains the
point (0,3).
Solution:
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑟1)(𝑥 − 𝑟2)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) (eq 1) substitute r1 & r2
3 = 𝑎 0−2 0+3 use eq 1 and substitute (0,3)
3 = −6𝑎 solve for a
1
𝑎=−
2
1
𝑓 𝑥 = − (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
2
Find the function whose zeroes are 2 and -3 and contains the
point (0,3).
Solution: (continuation)
1
𝑓 𝑥 = − (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
2
1
𝑓 𝑥 =− 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 6 multiply
2
1 2 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3 simplify
2 2
THE QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS DERIVED FROM
ZEROS OF THE FUNCTION
EXERCISES:
Derive the quadratic function with the following conditions:
1. With zeroes 3 and 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
2. zeroes -2 and -1, with y – intercept 9
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 +6
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
 APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
• Quadratic functions are used in many types of real-world situations. They
are useful in describing the trajectory of a ball, determining the height of a
thrown object and in optimizing profit for businesses.
• Quadratic functions are more than algebraic curiosities—they are widely
used in science, business, and engineering. The U-shape of a parabola can
describe the trajectories of water jets in a fountain and a bouncing ball, or
be incorporated into structures like the parabolic reflectors that form the
base of satellite dishes and car headlights. Quadratic functions help
forecast business profit and loss, plot the course of moving objects, and
assist in determining minimum and maximum values. Most of the objects
we use every day, from cars to clocks, would not exist if someone,
somewhere hadn't applied quadratic functions to their design.
(https://content.nroc.org)
APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
• quadratic function frequently model problems involving area and
projectile motion. (Algebra & Trigonometry, Openstar college)
• Problems involving Quadratic Functions can be solved by Finding the
Maximum Value of a Quadratic Function or Evaluating the function to
find the unknown.
 Solving Real – Life Problems involving
Quadratic Functions
1. A backyard farmer wants to enclose a rectangular space for a
new garden within her fenced backyard. She has purchased 80
feet of wire fencing to enclose three sides, and she will use a
section of the backyard fence as the fourth side.
a. Find a formula for the area enclosed by the fence if the sides of
fencing perpendicular to the existing fence have length L.
b. What dimensions should she make her garden to maximize the
enclosed area?
SOLUTION
2. A shot-put throw can be modeled using the
function 𝑓 𝑥 = −0.0241𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 5.5 , where x
is distance traveled (in feet) and is the height
(also in feet). How long was the throw?
• One solution, - 4.9, cannot be the distance traveled because
it is a negative number.

• The other solution, 46.4 feet, must give the distance of the
throw.

• Therefore, the shot – put throw is approximately 46.4

feet.
 Try this one!
• A farmer has 1,000 feet of fencing and a very big field. She can
enclose a rectangular area with dimensions x feet and 500 –x
feet. What is the largest rectangular area she can create?
A. 62,500 ft2
B. 250,000 ft2
C. 1,000 ft2
D. 500ft2
3. You are trying to dunk a basketball. You need to jump
2.5ft in the air to dunk the ball. The height that your
feet are above the ground is given by the function
ℎ 𝑡 = −16𝑡 2 + 12𝑡. What is the maximum height
your feet will be above the ground? Will you be able to
dunk the basketball?
Solution for #3
Find h
−12
•ℎ= = 0.375
2(−16)
Substitute h to the function to find k
• ℎ 0.375 = −16 0.375 2 + 12(0.375)
• ℎ 0.375 = 2.25 ft (the maximum height your feet can reach above
the ground)
• Therefore, you cannot dunk the basketball.
4. A small independent motion picture company determines the profit P for
producing n DVD copies of a recent release is 𝑃 𝑛 = −0.02𝑛2 + 3.4𝑛 − 16. P
is the profit in thousands of pesos and n is in thousands of units.

a. How many DVDs should the company produce to maximize the profit?
−3.40
ℎ= = 85 , therefore, the company should produce 85 thousand units
2(−0.02)
b. What will the maximize profit be?
P(85) = −0.02 85 2 + 3.40 85 − 16 = 128.5 , hence, the maximize profit is
PHP 128,5000
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ACTIVE
PARTICIPATION AND
COOPERATION
REFERENCE
• https://content.nroc.org/Algebra.HTML5/U10L2T1/TopicText/en/text
book.html#:~:text=Quadratic%20functions%20are%20used%20in,in%
20optimizing%20profit%20for%20businesses.
• https://www.cbsd.org/cms/lib/PA01916442/Centricity/Domain/2801/
Quadratic%20Applications%20Worksheet%20Answer%20Key.pdf
• https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/standard-form-to-vertex-form/
• Algebra and Trigonometry