1) The document discusses kinematics concepts for rectilinear motion including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles moving along a straight path.
2) Key concepts covered include definitions of displacement as change in position, velocity as the rate of change of position, and acceleration as the rate of change of velocity.
3) Important kinematic relationships are derived by differentiating position to get velocity and acceleration, and integrating acceleration to get velocity and position.
1) The document discusses kinematics concepts for rectilinear motion including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles moving along a straight path.
2) Key concepts covered include definitions of displacement as change in position, velocity as the rate of change of position, and acceleration as the rate of change of velocity.
3) Important kinematic relationships are derived by differentiating position to get velocity and acceleration, and integrating acceleration to get velocity and position.
1) The document discusses kinematics concepts for rectilinear motion including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles moving along a straight path.
2) Key concepts covered include definitions of displacement as change in position, velocity as the rate of change of position, and acceleration as the rate of change of velocity.
3) Important kinematic relationships are derived by differentiating position to get velocity and acceleration, and integrating acceleration to get velocity and position.
1) The document discusses kinematics concepts for rectilinear motion including position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of particles moving along a straight path.
2) Key concepts covered include definitions of displacement as change in position, velocity as the rate of change of position, and acceleration as the rate of change of velocity.
3) Important kinematic relationships are derived by differentiating position to get velocity and acceleration, and integrating acceleration to get velocity and position.
Chapter 2 Rectilinear Motion of a Particle INTRODUCTION & RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS: CONTINUOUS MOTION
Find the kinematic quantities
(position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration) of a particle traveling along a straight path. An Overview of Mechanics
Mechanics: The study of how bodies
react to forces acting on them.
Statics: The study of Dynamics:
bodies in equilibrium. 1. Kinematics – concerned with the geometric aspects of motion 2. Kinetics - concerned with the forces causing the motion RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS: CONTINIOUS MOTION (Section 12.2) A particle travels along a straight-line path defined by the coordinate axis s.
The position of the particle at any instant,
relative to the origin, O, is defined by the position vector r, or the scalar s. Scalar s can be positive or negative. Typical units for r and s are meters (m) or feet (ft).
The displacement of the particle is
defined as its CHANGE in position. Vector form: r = r’ - r Scalar form: s = s’ - s The total distance traveled by the particle, sT, is a positive scalar that represents the total length of the path over which the particle travels. VELOCITY Velocity is a measure of the rate of change in the position of a particle. It is a vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction). The magnitude of the velocity is called speed, with units of m/s or ft/s.
The average velocity of a particle during a
time interval t is vavg = r / t The instantaneous velocity (as t approaches zero) is the time-derivative of position. (smaller and smaller values of t) v equals to dr / dt
Speed is the magnitude of velocity: v = ds / dt
Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by elapsed time:
(vsp)avg = sT / t ACCELERATION Acceleration is the rate of change in the velocity of a particle. It is a vector quantity. Typical units are m/s2 or ft/s2.
The instantaneous acceleration is the
time derivative of velocity.
Vector form: a = dv / dt
Scalar form: a = dv / dt = d2s / dt2
Acceleration can be positive (speed
increasing) or negative (speed decreasing).
The important differential relation involving displacement, velocity
and acceleration can be manipulated to get a ds = v dv DEFINITION OF TERMS
Position – location of particle at any given
time from an origin, unit m or ft The displacement of the particle is defined as its CHANGE in position, unit m or ft. Object is considered a particle as long as the motion is defined by the motion of its mass centre, rotation of the body is neglected Instantaneous Differential Relation v = ds/dt ; …….1 Instantaneous Velocity Instantaneous Acceleration a = dv/dt ……..2 or solve for dt
where dt = ds/v and dt = dv/a, will get
ds/v = dv/a ……..3
Also from (3), a ds = v dv, therefore:
a = v dv/ds DEFINITION OF TERMS
Velocity is the RATE of change in the
position of a particle. Vector , units of m/s or ft/s.
Acceleration is the RATE of change in
the velocity of a particle. Vector , units are m/s2 or ft/s2. KINEMATIC RELATIONS for RECTILINEAR MOTION
Derived by Differentiating position to get velocity & acceleration.
v = ds/dt ; a = dv/dt or a = v dv/ds
• Integrate acceleration for velocity and position.
Velocity: dt = ds/v Position:
v t v s s t
dv = a dt or v dv = a ds ds = v dt vo o vo so so o
• Note that so and vo represent the initial position and
velocity of the particle at t = 0. Example No. 1 Example No. 1…continuation Example No. 2 Example No. 2…continuation Example No. 3 Example No. 3…continuation Example No. 4 Example No. 5 Example No. 5…continuation
