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PDC Dull Grade

This document provides definitions and guidelines for grading the dullness characteristics of diamond drill bits. It describes various characteristics like bond failure, broken teeth, and erosion that may indicate a dull bit. It also outlines a standardized process for recording the location and severity of dullness, as well as other details like gauge size and reason for pulling the bit.

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Camila Palacios
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80 views4 pages

PDC Dull Grade

This document provides definitions and guidelines for grading the dullness characteristics of diamond drill bits. It describes various characteristics like bond failure, broken teeth, and erosion that may indicate a dull bit. It also outlines a standardized process for recording the location and severity of dullness, as well as other details like gauge size and reason for pulling the bit.

Uploaded by

Camila Palacios
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GeoDiamond Dull Grading

DULL CHARACTERISTICS
BF — Bond Failure LN — Lost Nozzle

BT — Broken Teeth / LT — Lost Teeth / Cutters

Cutters NR — Not Rerunable

BU — Balled Up Bit PN — Plugged Nozzle /

CR — Cored Flow Passage

CT — Chipped Teeth / RO — Ring Out

Cutters RR — Rerunable

DL — Cutter WO — Washed Out Bit

Delamination WT — Worn Teeth /

ER — Erosion Cutters

HC — Heat Checking NO — No Dull

JD — Junk Damage Characteristics

LM — Lost Matrix

4: (L) = Location
• Use a letter code to indicate the location on the bit
face where the major dull characteristic occurred.
– C = Cone
– N = Nose
– T = Taper
– S = Shoulder
– G = Gauge
– A = All Areas

GAUGE GAUGE

SHOULDER SHOULDER
TAPER CONE TAPER
NOSE
CONE
NOSE

GAUGE GAUGE

SHOULDER
SHOULDER
CONE
NOSE
TAPER

NOSE
CONE

Location Designation
5: (B) = Bearings / Seals
This space is used only for roller cone bits. It will always
be marked “X” for fixed cutter bits.
6: (G) = Amount Undergauge
• Used to record the condition of the bit gauge. It is
based upon nominal ring gauge (ensure that a PDC
and not roller cone ring gauge is used as tolerances
between the two are different).
– “IN” is used if the bit is still in gauge.
– Otherwise, the amount the bit is undergauge is
recorded to the nearest 1/16th of an inch.
– For bi-centers, use the special bi-center gauge
measurement procedure below.
API tolerances for fixed cutter and roller cone bits

Nominal Bit Size (in.) Fixed Cutter Roller Cone


6 ¾ and smaller -0.015 to +0.00 -0.0 to +1/32
6 25/32 including 9 -0.020 to +0.00 -0.0 to +1/32
9 1/32 including 13 ¾ -0.030 to +0.00 -0.0 to +1/32
13 25/32 including 17 ½ -0.045 to +0.00 -0.0 to +1/16
17 17/32 and larger -0.063 to +0.00 -0.0 to +3/32

Bi-Center Gauge Measurement Procedure


• Measure the shank diameter with a caliper, making
sure that the full shank is measured. Do not measure
inside the breaker slots. This is illustrated in Figure 1
below.

Diameter
of Shank

Figure 1 - Measuring the Shank Diameter


• Next, measure the height of the longest reamer blade
from the outer surface of the shank. This can be
accomplished by using a straight edge and a ruler.
This step is illustrated in Figure 2.
• For accuracy, the straight edge must be placed parallel
to the shank. Also, the closer the ruler is placed to
the reamer-blade, the more accurate the reading.
GeoDiamond Dull Grading Manual

Height of Longest
Reamer Blade
(from shank)

Figure 2 - Measure the Distance from the Longest


Reamer-Blade to the Shank
• The bit’s diameter is then calculated by taking the
diameter of the shank and 2 times the height of the
longest reamer blade.

Gauge Diameter = ________ + 2x_______


(Shank Diameter) (Reamer Height)

= ___________ inches

7: (O) = Other Dull Characteristics


• Used to record other dull characteristics such as
secondary evidence of bit wear. The secondary evi-
dence may identify the cause of the primary dull
characteristic in the third space.
8: (R) = Reason Pulled
• Used to record the reason the bit was pulled.

BHA — Change Bottom Hole Assembly


CM — Condition Mud
CP — Core Point
DMF — Downhole Motor Failure
DP — Drill Plug
DSF — Drill String Failure
DST — Drill Stem Testing
DTF — Downhole Tool Failure
FM — Formation Change
HP — Hole Problems
HR — Hours
LIH — Left in Hole
LOG — Run Logs
PP — Pump Pressure
PR — Penetration Rate
RIG — Rig Repair
TD — Total Depth / Casing Depth
TQ — Torque
TW — Twist Off
WC — Weather Conditions
WO — Washout in Drill String
Cutter Types and Nomenclature
This shows the PDC cutter in various configurations such
as single-substrate (fig. 1), two-piece (fig. 2) and stud
cutters (fig. 3). The important terms to remember are:
• PCD layer – also known as the diamond table.
• Carbide substrate – acts as the support for the
diamond table, and provides toughness. It also helps
bond the cutter into the bit body.
• LS bond line – is a cemented boundary between two
carbide substrates that may have different
characteristics.

DIAMOND TABLE

LS BOND

CARBIDE
SUBSTRATE

ONE PIECE CYLINDER TWO PIECE CYLINDER


(fig. 1) (fig. 2)

BRAZE POINT

DIAMOND TABLE

PDC WAFER

STUD CUTTER
(fig. 3)

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