Basic of Internet

Internet
Internet is defined as an Information super Highway, to access information over the web.
However, It can be defined in many ways as follows:
 Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.
 Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
 Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
 IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which identifies
a computer location.
 A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP
Address so that user can locate a computer by a name.
 For example, a DNS server will resolve a
name http://www.tutorialspoint.com to a particular IP address to uniquely
identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
 Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.

Evolution
The concept of Internet was originated in 1969 and has undergone several technological &
Infrastructural changes as discussed below:
 The origin of Internet devised from the concept of Advanced Research
Project Agency Network (ARPANET).
 ARPANET was developed by United States Department of Defense.
 Basic purpose of ARPANET was to provide communication among the
various bodies of government.
 Initially, there were only four nodes, formally called Hosts.
  In 1972, the ARPANET spread over the globe with 23 nodes located at
different countries and thus became known as Internet.
 By the time, with invention of new technologies such as TCP/IP protocols,
DNS, WWW, browsers, scripting languages etc.,Internet provided a medium to
publish and access information over the web.
Advantages
Internet covers almost every aspect of life, one can think of. Here, we will discuss some of
the advantages of Internet:

 Internet allows us to communicate with the people sitting at remote locations.

There are various apps available on the wed that uses Internet as a medium for
communication. One can find various social networking sites such as:
o Facebook
o Twitter
o Yahoo
o Google+
o Flickr
o Orkut
 One can surf for any kind of information over the internet. Information
regarding various topics such as Technology, Health & Science, Social
Studies, Geographical Information, Information Technology, Products etc can
be surfed with help of a search engine.
 Apart from communication and source of information, internet also serves a
medium for entertainment. Following are the various modes for entertainment
over internet.
o Online Television
o Online Games
o Songs
o Videos
o Social Networking Apps
 Internet allows us to use many services like:
o Internet Banking
o Matrimonial Services
o Online Shopping
o Online Ticket Booking
o Online Bill Payment
o Data Sharing
o E-mail
 Internet provides concept of electronic commerce, that allows the business
deals to be conducted on electronic systems
Disadvantages
However, Internet has prooved to be a powerful source of information in almost every field,
yet there exists many disadvanatges discussed below:

 There are always chances to loose personal information such as name, address,
credit card number. Therefore, one should be very careful while sharing such
information. One should use credit cards only through authenticated sites.
 Another disadvantage is the Spamming.Spamming corresponds to the
unwanted e-mails in bulk. These e-mails serve no purpose and lead to
obstruction of entire system.
 Virus can easily be spread to the computers connected to internet. Such virus
attacks may cause your system to crash or your important data may get deleted.
 Also a biggest threat on internet is pornography. There are many pornographic
sites that can be found, letting your children to use internet which indirectly
affects the children healthy mental life.
 There are various websites that do not provide the authenticated information.
This leads to misconception among many people.


 World Wide Web

 WWW stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web
is : all the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP).
 A broader definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-
Lee helped found, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
 The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an
embodiment of human knowledge.
 In simple terms, The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between
computers on the Internet, tying them together into a vast collection of interactive
multimedia resources.

 Internet and Web is not the same thing: Web uses internet to pass over the information.
 

 Evolution
 World Wide Web was created by Timothy Berners Lee in 1989
at CERN in Geneva. World Wide Web came into existence as a proposal by him, to
allow researchers to work together effectively and efficiently at CERN. Eventually it
became World Wide Web.
 The following diagram briefly defines evolution of World Wide Web:


 Difference between Internet and WWW :
S.No.INTERNET WWW
Internet is a global network of
1 networks. WWW stands for World wide Web.

Internet is a means of connecting a World Wide Web which is a

computer to any other computer collection of information which is
2 anywhere in the world. accessed via the Internet.

WWW is service on top of that

3 Internet is infrastructure. infrastructure.
 Internet can be viewed as a big Web can be viewed as collection of
4 book-store. books on that store.

At some advanced level, to At some advanced level, to

understand we can think of the understand we can think of the
5 Internet as hardware. WWW as software.

Internet is primarily hardware- WWW is more software-oriented

6 based. as compared to the Internet.

English scientist Tim Berners-Lee

It is originated sometimes in late invented the World Wide Web in
7 1960s. 1989.

8 Internet is superset of WWW. WWW is a subset of the Internet.

The first version of the Internet was In the beginning WWW was known
9 known as ARPANET. as NSFNET.

10 Internet uses IP address. WWW uses HTTP.

Why Create A Website

The brief review focused on popular reasons of creating a website for professional, business
or personal growth. Packed with a variety of web design concepts.
For centuries, people have found hundreds of ways to communicate and collaborate for both
professional and personal aims. Still, since the time when the Internet came into play, these
directions of human activity have witnessed really prominent progress. It got especially
significant and impressive for the last decade, with broader availability of the Internet and
development of new technology. Decent ten or twenty years ago having a website was seen
as a sort of luxury while today it is often a widely-used and important factor of personal,
professional, and business growth.
E-commerce
Nowadays this reason would definitely take its place at the top. With better technical abilities
to present goods and services as well as fast and secure payments enabled via the Internet,
more and more people take opportunities of buying and selling online, right from their
desktop. It can deal even with the case of personal websites if people both communicate and
sell the goods or services they produce via this website. So, getting real financial profit can be
named among the prominent reasons for creating a website. Moreover, modern content-
management systems support this aim with tools and features strengthening the website rates
in search browsers. 
Business presentation
Another reason connected with professional activity and encouraging more and more people
to start their websites is the presentation of their business, whatever is its nature and volume.
It can be anything, from a simple one-page website giving the basic description of the
professional and contact data to complex web platforms providing a variety
of business directions or extensive portfolio. The core distinguishing feature comparing to
the previous position is that this website doesn’t provide the full cycle of direct sales from
order to payment and delivery, its aim is to present the services or goods as well as the ways
of getting them. This can be the reason for not only fully packed websites of broad
functionality but also landing pages fulfilling the same need.
Sharing information
This is the reason why people set up diverse blogs and websites aimed at sharing
information: these can be online magazines and newspapers, thematic collections and
bloggers’ reviews, etc. It is usually not aimed at direct communication, only providing users
with fresh and actual information.
Education
One more reason to start the website is the ability and wish to provide some materials and/or
communication with educative objectives. These can be different stuff, from personal
teacher’s blogs to interactive encyclopedias or platforms for online courses.
Communication
The Internet presents great and easily available opportunities for communications, so
communication can be one more good reason for creating a website, like blogs with direct
discussions, forums, social networks for general or special themes, etc.
Self-expression and practice
Sometimes, people create the website with the aim of getting a platform for expressing their
creativity and trying particular skills, like, for example, creative writing. Again, the
complexity and quality of these websites can be very different, still, the basic reason behind
them is self-expression and growth.

Web standards
History of Web Standards: The web came into existence when the US
military created a network for communication in the 1960s which was known
as ARPANET. ARPANET uses a packet switching method for transmitting
information and it was the first network to use TCP/IP model. After two
decades means in 1980, the concept of transmission of data among different
nodes through linking was given by Tim Berners-Lee.
In the year 1990, Tim Berners-Lee made all the necessary arrangements to
implement the first model of the web. It consists of HTTP protocols, HTML for
creating web pages and a web browser to view web pages, and lastly an
HTTP server. This is how the web started.
Web Standards
Web standards are defined as technologies that are used in building
websites. Web Standards consist of technical documents known as
specifications, which provide detailed information on how web technology
should work. These documents are really helpful for engineers in making
web applications in a more efficient manner for the users.
Need for Web Standards
After the creation of the web, it was accessible by people by using a
computer system, at that time only a handful of systems were there to
access the web but with the rise of technology the way people access the
web changed completely. Now people use different types of devices like
mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktops, etc. There are even more devices
like interfaces provided in vehicles for navigation and smart speakers using
speech. Moreover, screen sizes are also different when accessing the web
and different operating systems are also available along with a number of
web browsers. All of this has made it quite different for everyone to access
the same web in a different manners on different devices.
Hence it becomes a need to make certain standards while developing
websites so that those websites work smoothly on all devices with different
configurations. Web standards form the foundation of rules and regulations
for the developers for developing websites.
Therefore in 1994, World Wide Web Consortium also known as W3C was
founded by Tim Berners-Lee. W3C organization collaborated with many
different IT organizations to work on making the standards/governing rules
for web development.
Components of Web Standards
1. W3C recommendations for HTML, CSS, and also for different image
formats to be used in websites.
2. Living Standards provided by Web Hypertext Application Technology
Working Group (WHATWG), these standards consist of Document Object
Model Standard, URL Standard, Encoding Standards, etc.
3. JSON standards are given by ECMA International.
4. Recommendations of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO).
Open Standards
Tim Berners-Lee and representatives of the W3C organization had given the
most precious feature of Web Standards which says that the web will always
be free for use and also for the contribution by developers means it will not
limit itself by patent rights or licensing. Because of this feature, everyone is
independent to write code for building websites without paying anything to
anyone. Because of its openness, there is no chance of censorship means a
single organization cannot control it. 
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
The credit for maintaining and creating new web standards goes to World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) which is considered the main organization. A
number of standards have been defined by W3C which includes different
languages that are used in making websites like HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
etc.
Any website will be considered to follow the given web if that website or web
page has correct HTML and CSS. These languages also need to comply
with semantic and accessibility procedures.
Features of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
1. Web for All: It is the main goal of (W3C) to make web service accessible
to all people, no matter what their software or hardware configuration is,
and also no matter where they live. This feature helps people worldwide
to connect and communicate with each other.
2. Web on Everything: This feature ensures that each and every device
can easily access the web because people are using a large variety of
devices and interfaces like mobiles, tablets, smart assistants, etc.
3. Web Of Easy Interaction: Websites should be easy to load and must be
interactive so that users don’t feel bored. It should be built by keeping in
mind the interest of users.
4. Web of Trust: The web should be secure and must win the trust of its
users so guidelines are made to use various security measures like SSL
certificates for websites, HTTPS protocol which is more secure than
HTTP, and many other measures which reduce the risk of attacks on
these websites.

Audience Requirement

Your website should be designed keeping in mind your audience and

should ensure that it improves user experience.

Your website is one of the most important aspects of your brand’s online
presence and it's important that you design it right. Your website is also the
place where you nurture your bottom-of-the-funnel leads to get
conversions. So, you can’t afford any website fails that might cause your
prospects to bounce off your website.

Your website should be designed keeping in mind your audience and

should ensure that it provides good user experience. There are a lot of
other benefits of a good website design for both your business and your
audience.

Brand image
Your website is a reflection of your brand and everything that it stands for.
It is usually one of the first things people look at to get to know a brand and
therefore helps form the first impression.
Your website design elements, like colours, fonts, images, etc. all form your
brand identity. Therefore, you need to select those elements carefully and
keep them consistent across your website.

Look at the screenshot of Coca Cola’s homepage, for example.

See how the brand has used the company’s distinctive red colour on a
white background. Red and white are the colours of the company’s logo,
packaging of their traditional coke bottles, and a lot of other brand
elements. It maintains this consistency because these two distinctive
colours represent the brand and people associate these with the company. 

Here are some of the web design elements that you should select carefully
and then use consistently.

Colour
If you already have some brand colours that align with your logo and other
brand identity elements, then you should use those on your website as
well. However, if you’re starting from scratch, then you can use this study to
understand colour associations.

For example, if you want to associate your brand with trust, then you
should use the colour blue. And, if you want consumers to think that your
brand produces high-quality products, then the colour black can help you
form that image. Similarly, depending on what brand associations you want
to form, you can select your brand colours.

You can then select colours that evoke certain emotions or thoughts in
people. For example, blue is the colour most associated with trust and
black with quality.

Layout
As a rule of thumb, keep your layout simple, clean, and designed in a way
that draws attention to the most important parts.
Also, the number of menu options or the elements in a drop-down menu
should be determined based on your audience preferences. You can
experiment with a few different layouts and conduct split testing to
understand what works best with your audience.

One of the best examples of cluttered website design and how it affects
usability is shown below. The website is very difficult to navigate and the
lack of a grid design makes it messy and chaotic.

Now, let’s compare it with another website with a cleaner layout to see how
it could have been structured instead. This website also focuses on the
products and services but has organized the various web elements well.
The use of a grid format further adds structure to the page.

Fonts and typography

The general rule for selecting a font is that it should be easy-to-read and
clearly visible on the background colour that you selected.

The actual selection, however, should depend on your audience. Younger

people, for example, often prefer more fun and stylish fonts. Older people
might prefer clean and simple ones that are easier to read.

Your font should also reflect your brand personality and whether you want
to look professional or fun and youthful.
Here’s an example of a brand that does this well by their use of a creative
font to reflect their own creativity.

Site navigation
One of the biggest benefits of a good website design for your audience is
that it can help them navigate the site easily.

The ultimate goal of anyone visiting your website is to quickly find the
information that they are looking for. And, your website design should make
that process easier and help visitors navigate your website without getting
lost.

The more user-friendly your website is, the more likely it is that people will
engage with your content and take the desired action. A good website
design should aim to provide the best user experience, which ultimately
translates into conversions.

Conclusion
Website design is an important matter and should not be taken lightly. A
well-designed website can help you form a good impression on your
prospective customers. It can also help you nurture your leads and get
more conversions.

But, more importantly, it provides good user experience and helps your
website visitors access and navigate your website with ease.

So, if you are looking for designers to create your website, vet them well
and ensure that they are capable of designing user-friendly and accessible
websites.
If you already have a website, you can always conduct a site audit and
optimize it to provide a better user experience and to improve accessibility.