DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Military College of Signals (MCS)

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

1. Course Information
Course Number and Title: EE-344 Wave Propagation and Antennas
Credits: 4 (3+1)
Instructor(s)-in-charge: Asst Prof. Dr. Zeeshan Zahid, Zeeshan Ahmed (Lab Engr)
Course type: Lecture + Lab
Required or Elective: Required
EE-241 Electromagnetic Field Theory, EE-343 Transmission Lines and
Course pre-requisites:
Waveguides
Degree and Semester: TE-57 A, B Semester 6th
Month and Year: Spring 2023

2. Course Schedule
Lecture: 3 hrs/week, Two Classes per week
Lab: 3 hrs/week, One session per week
Discussion: 1 hrs/week
Office Hours: 1 hr/week by instructor, 1 hrs/week by Lab engineer

3. Course Assessment
Exam: Midterm and 1 Final Examination
Homework: 3 Assignments
Lab reports: 10 Reports
Design reports: 1 Design report based on Semester Project
Quizzes: 4 Quizzes
Quizzes: 5%
Assignments: 5%
Grading: Midterm: 25%
Final Exam: 40%
Lab / Semester Project: 25%

4. Textbook and Reference Book

Textbook: Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design (Fourth Edition)
by C. A Balanis, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN: 978-1118642061
1. Antennas for all Applications (3rd edition)
by J. D. Kraus and R. J. Marhefka,
McGraw-Hill Science, 2001, ISBN: 978-0072321036
Reference Books: 2. Antenna Theory and Design (3rd edition)
by Stutzman and Thieles,
John Wiley and Sons, 2013, ISBN: 978-0470576649
 5. Course Description
Antenna is an integral part of wireless communication system. The objective of the course is to
introduce antennas, principles of radiation, antenna parameters, and types of antennas that are
commonly used in wireless systems along with the principals of wave propagation.

6. Course Objectives
On the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand basic antenna theory and parameters of antennas for analysis.

2. Find the expressions of radiated field due to antennas using Maxwell’s equations
and potential functions.
3. Use modern simulation tools to design different types of antennas.
4. Design antennas so that their performance meets specified design criteria.
5. Use test equipment to measure antenna parameters.

7. Course Contents
Introduction: Types of antennas, radiation equation and radiation mechanism,
current distribution on linear wire antenna, vector potentials A and F, duality, and 2 weeks
reaction.
Antenna Parameters: Radiation pattern, intensity, radiation resistance, antenna
gain, directivity, efficiency, effective aperture, antenna impedance, bandwidth, 3 weeks
beam width and polarization.
Linear Wire Antennas: Introduction, current distribution on Linear Wire
Antennas, small dipole, finite length dipole, half wavelength dipole, quarter 3 weeks
wavelength dipole, monopole antenna and ground effects.
Loop Antenna: Small circular loop, loop with non-uniform current distributions,
2 weeks
equivalent circuit model, N-turn loop, proximity effect, square loop antenna.
Antenna Arrays: 2-element antenna array, pattern multiplications, N-element
2 weeks
linear array, scanned arrays, types of linear arrays.
Broadband Antennas: Yagi-Uda antenna, helical antenna, their input impedance
1 week
and radiation patterns.
Micro-strip Antenna: Introduction, basic characteristics, rectangular patch,
circular patch, input impedance and efficiency, Q-factor, bandwidth, polarization, 2 weeks
feed networks and arrays, mobile antennas, MIMO antennas.
Wave Propagation:
Ground Wave Propagation: Antenna on a flat earth, spherical earth, angle of tilt,
field strength, attenuation in ground wave propagation.
Sky Wave Propagation: Bending of waves, skip distance, critical frequency, virtual 1 week
height, and ionosphere irregularities.
Space Wave Propagation: Ranges, field strength, inversion of layers, line-of-sight
communication.

8. Lab Experiments
Lab 1 Introduction to Antenna Test and Measurement System
Lab 2 Introduction to Ansys HFSS and Pattern Analysis in MATLAB
Lab 3 Design and Analysis of Monopole Antenna at 1 GHz
Lab 4 Design and Analysis of Dipole Antenna at 1 GHz
Lab 5 Parametric Optimization of Dipole Antenna in HFSS
Lab 6 Design and Analysis of Loop Antenna at 1 GHz
Lab 7 Open Ended lab
Lab 8 Design and Analysis of Linear Array Antenna at 1 GHz
Lab 9 Design and Analysis of Yagi-Uda Antenna
Lab 10 Design and Analysis of Helical Antenna at 1 GHz
Lab 11 Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna
Lab 12 Design and Analysis of Two Element Patch Antenna Array
Lab 13 Design and Analysis of Two Element MIMO Antenna
Lab 14 Introduction to Transceiver System at 2.45 GHz using Arduino UNO
Lab 15 Final Lab and Project Submission

1. Course Outcomes and their Relation to Program Outcomes

(Mapping CLO to PLO)
Learning
Course Learning Outcome (CLOs) PLOs
Level
CLO Describe and explain the basics of antennas, radiation mechanism and 1 C3
1 wave propagation.
CLO Design and systematically analyze different antenna types using 2 C5
2 appropriate parameters and performance metrics.
CLO Solve problems related to wave propagation and antenna theory by 3 C3
3 selecting appropriate solution methods.
CLO Design and evaluate different types of antennas manually as well as in 5 P4
4 modern antenna simulation software Ansys HFSS.
CLO Demonstrate proficiently the detailed design process for different 10 A3
5 antenna types.

2. Mapping of CLOs to Program Learning Outcomes

PLOs / CLOs CLO 1 CLO 2 CLO 3 CLO 4 CLO 5

PLO:1 (Engineering Knowledge) C3
PLO:2 (Problem Analysis) C5
PLO:3 (Design/ Development of Solutions) C3
PLO:4 (Investigation)
PLO:5 (Modern Tool Usage) P4
PLO:6 (The Engineer and Society)
PLO:7 (Environment and Sustainability)
PLO:8 (Professional Ethics)
PLO:9 (Individual and Teamwork)
PLO:10 (Communication) A3
PLO:11 (Project Management)
PLO:12 (Lifelong Learning)
 1. Program Learning Outcomes
PLO 1 Engineering Knowledge
An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems .
PLO 2 Problem Analysis
An ability to identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and
engineering sciences.
PLO 3 Design/Development of Solutions
An ability to design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components or
processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety,
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PLO 4 Investigation
An ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a methodical way including literature
survey, design and conduct of experiments, analysis and interpretation of experimental data, and
synthesis of information to derive valid conclusions.
PLO 5 Modern Tool Usage
An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and
IT tools, including prediction and modeling, to complex engineering activities, with an
understanding of the limitations.
PLO 6 The Engineer and Society
An ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety,
legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering
practice and solution to complex engineering problems.
PLO 7 Environment and Sustainability
An ability to understand the impact of professional engineering solutions in societal and
environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
PLO 8 Professional Ethics
Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of
engineering practice.
PLO 9 Individual and Teamwork
An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team, on multifaceted and /or
multidisciplinary settings.
PLO 10 Communication
An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing, on complex engineering
activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations,
and give and receive clear instructions.
PLO 11 Project Management
An ability to demonstrate management skills and apply engineering principles to one’s own work, as
a member and/or leader in a team, to manage projects in a multidisciplinary environment.
PLO 12 Lifelong Learning
An ability to recognize importance of, and pursue lifelong learning in the broader context of
innovation and technological developments