Romblon State University - College of Education

Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon

Lesson 5

Principles and
Strategies in
Teaching
Mathematics

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
Recall:
MATHEMATICS EDUCATION CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
(DOST-SEI & MATHTED, Inc.)

Mastery of Mathematical Content

Development of Cognitive Demands

Integration of Cognitive Values

CRITICAL AND ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS

Recall:
Strategies in Teaching Mathematics Part 1…

Problem Solving Problem-Based Collaborative and Reflective Learning

Learning learning Independent Learning
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Objectives:
At the end of 60 minutes, the students are expected to:
✓ discuss how inquiry-based teaching is being implemented
Inquiry-based in a mathematics classroom
✓ relate inquiry-based learning to student’s personal
Teaching experiences
✓ identify the components of 5E’s teaching model
✓ describe how 5E’s model is appropriate in Mathematics
teaching and learning
✓ design a lesson plan using 5E’s model
✓ demonstrate the designed lesson plan using 5E’s model

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Introduction
To achieve the subject’s learning competencies, teaching
Inquiry-based mathematics using the appropriate approach and strategy is of
great importance.
Teaching
Appropriateness of the teaching approach and strategy
contributes to the holistic and effective delivery of the learning
content.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Definition

Inquiry-based The “inquiry-based approach” ,sometimes termed

“discovery”, “heuristic”, and “problem solving” is
Teaching defined simply as a teaching method which is “modeled
after the investigative processes of the scientists”.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Steps for Inquiry-Based Teaching

Inquiry-based 1. Define the topic or introduce the question.

2. Guide students to plan where and how to gather
Teaching data, information.
3. Make students present findings through graph,
charts, PowerPoint presentation, models and
writing.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Inquiry-Based Teaching Applications

1. Education
Inquiry-based 2. Research
3. System Development
Teaching 4. Medicine
5. Economics
6. Agriculture
7. Social Sciences
8. Finances
9. Others (Data Science, Bioinformatics…)

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Inquiry-Based Teaching Applications

Inquiry-based
Teaching

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Financial Management (5 minutes tasks)

1. As a student, is your allowance sufficient for weekly

Inquiry-based expenses?
2. How do you manage your finances? How much budget do
Teaching you allocate for your basic needs, school expenses, and other
fees? What problems did you encounter and how did you
find for possible solution?
3. Presentation of key findings…

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Commonly Observed Characteristics of the Inquiry-Based Method

Investigative The procedure in The children are The answers Focus questions
processes gathering highly motivated arrived at are before, during and
information is not to search; hence genuine products after are critical
prescribed by the active of their own ingredients that
teachers. participation is efforts provide direction
the best indicator and sustain
of inquisitiveness. action.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Scientific Research Application
1. What is the problem all about? Does the problem really exist?
What gap you will fill in if you pursue it?
Inquiry-based 2. How will you find solutions? What is the main purpose of
your study?
Teaching 3. What contribution can you provide in the scientific
community?
4. If your study was not explored, what could be the
consequence?

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Outcomes of Inquiry-Based Teaching

1. Its emphasis is on the processes of gathering and
processing information
Inquiry-based 2. Its dependence on first-hand experience with objects
and phenomena occurring in the environment is
Teaching certainly in agreement with the most often cited
theory of Piaget on intellectual development.
3. The inquiry approach which predominantly allows
some degree of freedom help develops initiative and
divergent thinking.
4. Deep sense of responsibility is developed

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
PIAGET THEORY ON INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT.
Jean Piaget's theory of
cognitive development
Inquiry-based suggests that children move
through four different stages
Teaching of learning. His theory
focuses not only on
understanding how children
acquire knowledge, but also
on understanding the nature
of intelligence.
Reference:
Cherry, K. (2022, December 16). What is Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Verywell Mind. Retrieved February 8, 2023, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Outcomes of Inquiry-Based Teaching

5. Educators strongly believe that facts and concepts that
Inquiry-based learners discover by themselves become stored as part of their
permanent learning
Teaching 6. Experiencing success in inquiry-based/discovery lessons
builds up learners’ feeling of confidence.
7. Participation in inquiry activities strengthens learner’
intellectual capabilities

Remarks
Based on the activities above, what are the possible outcomes you can discover?
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Mathematics Education (Outcome)

1. Suppose a final examination is approaching in Statistics, how

Inquiry-based will you prepare to pass?
2. What strategy or approaches will you considers in learning
Teaching the different statistical concepts? Which specific statistical
concepts will you prioritize in mastering?
3. Presentation of key findings…

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
How to Facilitate Inquiry-Based Teaching?
1. Arrange for an ideal room setting.
2. Choose tools and equipment that can easily be
manipulated
Inquiry-based 3. The materials to be used or examined must lend
Teaching themselves easily to the processes to be employed and the
product desired.
4. The questions/problems to be answered should originate
from the learners, followed by the formulation of
hypothesis.
5. The procedure should likewise be planned by them.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

6. At the completion of the activity, require an evaluation of

the steps undertaken as to its effectiveness and the clarity of
the results
Inquiry-based 7. The teacher himself/herself should internalize her/his
changed role of being a guide, facilitator and counselor rather
Teaching than the traditional authority.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
5E MODEL
✓ The 5E method is an example of inquiry-based learning, in which
students ask questions, decide what information enhances their
understanding, and then self-assess.
Inquiry-based ✓ This model describes a teaching sequence that can be used for
entire programs, specific units and individual lessons. The NASA
Teaching Digital Learning Network supports the 5E constructivist learning
cycle, helping students build their own understanding from
experiences and new ideas.
✓ The 5E method is a constructivist model of learning. It includes
five stages: engage, explore, explain, extend, and evaluate
Reference:
1) Bennett, Colette. "What Is the 5 E Instructional Model?" ThoughtCo, Feb. 17, 2021, thoughtco.com/5-e-instructional-model-4628150.
2) Bybee, Rodger W., et al. "The BSCS 5 E Instructional Model: Origins and Effectiveness." A report prepared for the Office of Science Education, National
Institutes of Health.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

ENGAGE
✓ Teachers connect the topic or concept
at hand with prior understanding.
✓ Students are encouraged to ask
Inquiry-based questions or draw on experiences.
Teaching ✓ The teacher does not correct any
misconceptions about the topic or
concept but does make notes about
revisiting these misconceptions.
✓ The purpose of the engagement stage
is to get students excited and ready to
explore the topic or concept.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

EXPLORE
✓ Investigation of the problems associated
with the topic or concept.
✓ Students pose real questions and develop
Inquiry-based hypotheses.
Teaching ✓ Teachers provide hands-on activities.
✓ Students develop the skills that are needed
to test their ideas while the teacher leads
students through inquiry-based questions
as students work cooperatively in groups.
✓ Time is given to students to refine their
hypotheses as they begin to reflect on the
results of their investigations.
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

EXPLAIN
✓ Students develop explanations for what
they have already observed.
✓ They define the necessary vocabulary and
Inquiry-based connect their findings to prior knowledge.
Teaching ✓ Teacher support student discussion and
answer student questions.
✓ This stage is a direct instruction phase, the
discussions mean that new information is
shared collaboratively.
✓ Students understand information through
a examples.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
EXTEND
✓ Students solidify their understanding by
connecting what they have learned to
something real.
Inquiry-based ✓ Generalization is established that can be
applied in other examples.
Teaching ✓ Students formulate new hypotheses for new
investigations. (Replication)
✓ Students may take data and make new
conclusions. (Validation of Prior Results)
✓ In the investigations during the extend phase,
students use the vocabulary and concepts in
their discussions and their writing.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
EVALUATE
✓ Students return to the engage phase to compare
their earlier understanding of what they know now.
✓ Teacher makes sure that students' misconceptions
Inquiry-based are corrected.
✓ Students applies reflective learning
Teaching ✓ Teacher can complete a formal evaluation (unit
test) after the evaluation stage.
✓ Teachers evaluate the learning that has taken place
through a problem scenario where students should
apply their new knowledge.
✓ Other evidence of understanding can be done
through formative, informal performance, or
summative assessments.
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

5E MODEL SUMMARY
Learners make Learners develop
generalizations excitement
Inquiry-based
Teaching

Learners understand Learners start

information investigating

Learners assess
their progress
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Planning the 5E Model
✓ Teachers who plan to use the 5 E model should be
aware that they should use this design for units of
Inquiry-based two to three weeks.
✓ Each stage should be planned to include one or
Teaching more lessons.
✓ The 5E Model helps students to use inquiry to
connect new information with prior knowledge
through practice and reflection.
✓ The teacher becomes a facilitator or guide who
builds inquiry, exploration, and assessment into
daily instruction approach.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Remarks
“Using the 5Es model as the basis for a single lesson decreases
the effectiveness of the individual phases due to shortening
Inquiry-based the time and opportunities for challenging and restructuring
of concepts and abilities—for learning,”
Teaching
Rodger W. Bybee
Co-creator 5E Model

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Application: Mathematics
In a 5E model for math, for example, a unit on rational
numbers coming from mathematical and real-world
Inquiry-based situations could include converting between standard
decimal notation and scientific notation.
Teaching Engage: Students are given cards with rational numbers
and asked

✓ Where do you think that number should go on a

number line?
✓ Do you think it could be placed in more than one
place?
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Explore: Students use cards to order, match, and compare the
rational numbers.
Explain: The teacher provides examples of times people may use
Scientific Notation; students practice organizing cards using what
Inquiry-based they know about Scientific Notation.
Teaching Extend or Elaborate: Students try out their new understanding of
rational numbers.
Evaluate: Students create a visual representation to organize and
display the relationship between sets and subsets of numbers.
Teachers can use the evaluate stage to determine how well
students can use scientific notation and convert numbers in
scientific notation to standard decimal notation.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Summary
✓ Inquiry-based Teaching- “discovery”, “heuristic”, and “problem

Inquiry-based solving
✓ Steps for Inquiry-Based Teaching
Teaching
✓ Characteristics of the Inquiry-Based Method
✓ Outcomes of Inquiry-Based Teaching
✓ Facilitating Inquiry-Based Teaching
✓ 5E MODEL (Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend, Evaluate)
✓ Planning 5E Model
”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5
Formative Test
✓ Define Inquiry based
✓ What are the different Steps for Inquiry-Based Teaching?
Inquiry-based ✓ Enumerate the different Characteristics of the Inquiry-Based
Teaching Method
✓ Explain what happens in each stage in the 5E (Engage, Explore,
Explain, Extend, Evaluate) Model of teaching and learning
process.

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
 Romblon State University - College of Education
Liwanag, Odiongan, Romblon
Lesson 5

Assignment:
Inquiry-based ✓ Create a detailed lesson plan applying the 5E Model in the
teaching and learning process. Choose appropriate lesson in
Teaching mathematics curriculum for grade 7-10 where you can apply this
model.
✓ Write your lesson plan on a clean yellow paper in black ink only!

”Life is a math equation. In order to gain the most, you have to know how to convert negatives into positive.” ~Anonymous
THANK YOU AND GOB BLESS!
Kim Jemar F. Falo
Faculty, CED