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SPEECH and PRINCIPLES
1. Reading or Speaking from a Manuscript is usually in the Formal Speech Context. The speech is fully
written out, usually typed, and not folded but placed in a folder for neatness.
This manner of delivery allows for greater control of the wording of the speech when precise
wording is paramount.
This is useful when you have embellished your thoughts and you want to deliver your sentences
exactly as you wrote them.
Examples: SONA, Presentation of Scientific Papers in a conference
Drawbacks:
1. The Speaker tends to read without emotion, lacking spontaneity, and may even sound boring.
2. The speaker never looks up from the manuscript being read.
3. The Speaker can lose his pace even while reading and turn to the wrong page of the
manuscript.
4. The manuscript may be blown by the wind/fan/air condition from the lectern and may be
disarranged while being put back together.
5. The formality of the language (use of complex words, jargons, and polysyllabic) which may
make the Listeners be lost in such language formality unless they are experts in the same field.
2. Memorized Speech is also a fully written speech but is fully memorized—every word, every phrase,
every comma, and every period. Oratorical Contests require that contestants memorize their speech
thoroughly.
Drawbacks:
1. The most common problem would be forgetting lines.
2. Lack of eye contact with the audience. Many speakers tend to look upward, to the side, or
worse, on the floor.
3. There could be a tendency to deliver the speech without inflection.
3. Impromptu Speech is when one suddenly asked to give the welcome remarks in a program already
ongoing and there is hardly time to prepare. It is delivered in short notice with little or no preparation. It
also sometimes called, “Thinking on your feet.”
No matter how short the impromptu speech is, it has to have beginning, middle, and end.
Advantages:
1. Speech is delivered in a spontaneous manner and in a more conversational tone.
2. The Speaker can adjust, add or skip an idea without any obvious gaps, or long pauses due to
memory loss.
4. Extemporaneous Speech may sound like it is delivered “off-the-cuff” as it were with hardly any
preparation because it sounds so spontaneous or it may also sound like a Speech that was fully written
out and the memorized, but both are not the case. What the Speaker prepares is a good outline.
The outline preparation is what differentiates Extemporaneous from Impromptu
Advantage: Outline helps the Speaker to remember the particular order of points he/she wants
to make.
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

1. Choosing the topic. The topic must be timely, interesting, and sometimes controversial.
2. Analyzing the audience. To do this, (a) you have to get or guess the demographic data of the
audience: age, gender, ethnic background, occupation, economic and social status, (b) know
the groups to which your Audience belongs as these groups hold certain beliefs and values, (c)
find out how your audience feels about the topic of your speech and what do they know about
it.
3. Sourcing the information. This involves seeking out all the available means for finding
materials to support the speech such as newspapers, magazines, books, journals, or any reading
materials full of useful information.
4. Outlining and organizing the speech content. Sort the information into categories: statistics,
testimonies and opinions, historical facts. Then, organize by using outline
a. Chronological Outline
b. Spatial/Graphical Outline
c. Cause-and-Effect Outline
d. Problem-Solution Outline
e. Topical Outline
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
1. Articulation. It is the proper breathing techniques together with the correct molding of
sounds that make up words contribute to efficient articulation.
2. Modulation. It is the capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of the
vocal tone.
3. Stage Presence. It is the ability to own the stage and being able to fill the space and project
his personality to the audience.
4. Facial Expression, Gestures, and Movement. Facial expression should change with the
content of the speech, gestures should emphasize only certain points, movement should allow
the speaker to carry the message around.
5. Audience Rapport. It means that the Speaker should be able to establish connection with the
audience in a deeper level.

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SPEECH and PRINCIPLES

Examples: SONA, Presentation of Scientific Papers in a conference

2. The speaker never looks up from the manuscript being read.

1. The most common problem would be forgetting lines.

3. There could be a tendency to deliver the speech without inflection.

1. Speech is delivered in a spontaneous manner and in a more conversational tone.

The outline preparation is what differentiates Extemporaneous from Impromptu

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

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