8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
“Solving Problems Involving
Linear Functions”

CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
Mathematics– Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Solving Problems Involving Linear Functions

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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E-mail Address: [email protected]
 8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
“Solving Problems Involving
Linear Functions”
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for
better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided
for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

2 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will be acquainted with solving problems involving linear
functions. The scope of this module enables you to use it in many different learning
situations. The lesson is arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
This module contains:
Lesson 1: Solving Problems Involving Linear Functions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify steps in modeling and solving word problems involving linear
functions;
2. create linear functions that represent relation between quantities; and
3. apply the concepts of linear function in solving real-life problems.

What I Know

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following functions should be used to solve problems involving

a constant rate of change?
A. exponential function C. polynomial function
B. linear function D. quadratic function

2. Which of the following is the standard form of a linear function?

A. f ( x )=bx+ m C. f ( x )=mx+b
B. f ( x )=bx−m D. f ( x )=mx−b

3. Mr. Nilo, a mathematics teacher, charges P 200 per hour for tutorial service
to a junior high school student. If he spends 3 hours tutoring per day, how
much would he receive in 12 days?
A. P 6,300 C. P 7,300
B. P 7,200 D. P 8,100

1 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
4. Beverly’s car uses 15 liters of gasoline to travel 120 kilometers. At that rate,
how many liters of gasoline will her car consume to travel 130 kilometers?
A. 15.25 liters C. 17.25 liters
B. 16.25 liters D. 18.25 liters
5. Joshua likes to read a magazine. He reads 50 pages in 2 hours. At the same
rate, how many hours will it take him to read the remaining 150 pages?
A. 6 C. 8
B. 7 D. 9
6. Lyoid works as a service crew in a fast-food center where he earns P 82.00
per hour. How much will he earned in a day if he works 8 hours straight?
A. P 556 C. P 756
B. P 656 D. P 856
7. Refer to item 6, how much will Lyoid earn in 3 days?
A. P 1,668 C. P 2,268
B. P 1,968 D. P 2,568

8. Queenie is working in a restaurant and her hourly wage is P 51.68. Let x

represents the number of hours worked and let f ( x ) represents the total
amount earned. Which of the following functions best represents the total
amount earned by day?
A. f ( x )=51.68 x C. f ( x )=x−51.68
B. f ( x )=x +51.68 D. f ( x )=51.68−x

9. Refer to item number 8, if Queenie works 8 hours a day, how much will she
earn in 14 days?
A. P 4,778.16 C. P 5,788.16
B. P 4,878.16 D. P 5,878.16

10.JC works as a salesman in a company that distributes top brands and latest
model of cellular phones. He receives a commission of P 1,500 for every
cellular phone unit he sells. On top of the commission, he receives a monthly
salary of P 12,000. What is his commission if he sells 25 cellphones in a
month?
A. P 27,000 C. P 46,500
B. P 37,500 D. P 47,500

11.In item number 10, how many cellphones should he sell in a month to make
an income of P 79,500?
A. 45 C. 65
B. 58 D. 67

12.Al John spent P 1,200 on N95 facemasks because of pandemic. Each

facemask costs Php100. How many facemasks did he buy?
A. 10 C. 15
B. 12 D. 95

2 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 13.Jun Mark used 15 m of copper wire which weighs 1 kg. If a copper wire
weighs 3.5 kg, how many meters is it?
A. 50 m C. 53.5 m
B. 52.5 m D. 54 m

14.Ranie worked in the store for 5 hours. He earned a total of Php1,500 . How
much does he earn each hour?
A. P 300 C. P 500
B. P 400 D. P 600

15.Puto balanghoy or steamed cassava cake is traditionally made in the Visayas

region using basic ingredients such as cassava, brown sugar and grated
coconut. Marvin is selling a puto balanghoy in the function of f (x)=10 x ,
how much is Marvin’s income if a customer wants to buy a total of 50
pieces?
A. P 450 C. P 550
B. P 500 D. P 600

Lesson
Solving Problems Involving
1 Linear Functions

Linear function is useful in solving real-life problems. For instance, finding

the monthly of an employee given the number of hours work and the corresponding
rate per hour, the distance a ship or plane travels given the time and speed of
travel, the amount paid for a cellular phone call given the number of minutes and
the rate per minute, and many more. Each of these can be solved using the
concepts learned about linear functions.

Let us start this lesson by reviewing independent and dependent variables.

This will guide you in formulating your function rule.

What’s In

3 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 Directions: Given each situation below, identify which variable depends on
the other, then complete the next sentence by filling in the
blanks with either independent or dependent. Number 1 is done
as your guide.

1. The plant grows 0.5 cm every week.

The height of the plant is the dependent variable while the number of
week is the independent variable.

2. Mang Kanor earns Php600 for each day he does carpentry works.
The number of days doing carpentry works is the __________ variable
while the amount Mang Kanor earns is the __________ variable.

3. Alma burns 192 calories for every hour she walks in the park.
The number of hours Alma walks is the __________ variable while the
number of calories burn is the __________ variable.

4. In a laundry shop, each kilogram of laundry costs Php35.

The cost of the laundry is the _________ variable while the number of
kilograms is the _________ variable.

5. In a basketball game, Ramon earns 2 points for each basket he

makes.
The number of points earned is the __________ variable while the
number of baskets made is the __________ variable.

Remember, dependent variable depends on independent variable, while

independent variable determines the value of the dependent variable.

What’s New

During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID – 19) pandemic, Mrs. Reyes
was not able to report to work because their city was placed under Enhanced
Community Quarantine (ECQ) and everyone is required to “Stay at Home”. She
was worried because she has no more income to support her two children.

When she received the Php6,000.00 cash assistance from the Social
Amelioration Program, she thought of a way on how this amount will last longer by
baking and selling banana cake. Her banana cake cost Php85 per canister.
Complete the table below to show the amount Mrs. Reyes will earn from
selling banana cake, then answer the questions that follow.

4 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 Number of canisters
1 2 3 10
of banana cake ( x)

Sales f ( x)
85 170 255 1,955
(in pesos P )
Questions:
1. Do you have any difficulty in completing the table? Kindly elaborate.
2. What are the independent and dependent variables in the situation?
3. Can you model the situation using linear function? If so, what is it?
4. If Mrs. Reyes sells 10 canisters in a day, how much will she earn for that
day?
5. How many canisters of banana cakes must she sell to earn P 1,955?
6. What other ways could you suggest to Mrs. Reyes for her to be able to
support her children if the pandemic continues longer?

What is It

There are many real-life problems that can be solved through linear function. In
solving problems, we can use Polya’s method introduced by George Polya. George
Polya is a Hungarian-American mathematics educator who believed that problem
solving was an art and the skills to solve math problems can be mastered with
constant practice. Polya’s Method includes the following steps:

Steps in Solving Word Problems:

1. Understand the problem. Read and analyze the situation.
2. Devise a plan. List down all the given data. Determine the unknown and
what is asked in the problem.
3. Carry out the plan. Write the function that describes the relationship
between the variables and solve the function.
4. Look back. Verify if the solution obtained is meaningful to the problem
solved.

The problem about Mrs. Reyes on baking and selling of banana cake in the
previous section can be solved using Polya’s Method. The amount of money she
earns is a function of the number of canisters of banana cake sold.

Step 1. Understand the problem.

5 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 In solving such problem, you need to analyze and understand the
problem and determine what is asked.

For instance, you are asked to find how many canisters of banana
cake to be sold to have a sale of P 1,955.00.

Also, determine what are the given information. In this problem, the
price per canister of banana cake is P 85.

Since the amount of sales is a function of the number of

canisters of banana cake sold, this means that the amount of
sales depends on the number of canisters of banana cake being
sold.

Step 2. Devise a plan.

Using the information above, a linear function can be used to model

the relationship between the sales, expressed as f(x), and number of
canisters of banana cake sold, expressed as (x).

If we use a table below, we see that

Number of
canisters of
1 2 3
banana cake
( x)

Sales f(x)
1 x 85=85 2 x 85=170 3 x 85=255
(in Php)

With that, you can model the amount of sales as

f ( x )=85 x

Step 3. Carry out the plan.

This time, you can use the model to substitute any number of
canisters of banana cake sold and find the amount of sales.

So, if Mrs. Reyes sold 10 canisters of banana cake, then,

6 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 f (x)=85 x
f (10)=85(10)

f (10)=850

Hence, the amount of sales is P 850 for the 10 canisters of banana

cake sold.

To answer the question, how many canisters of banana cake to be

sold to earn P 1,955, we will substitute f (x) by P 1,955 in the modelled
function to find the number of canisters ( x) of banana cake sold.

f (x) ¿ 85 x Given

1955 ¿ 85 x Substitution

1 ¿ 1 Multiplicative Inverse Property

( 1955 ) ( 85 x )
85 85
23 ¿ x Multiplicative Identity
Property

Step 4. Look back.

Looking back is the same as checking your answer, reviewing what

you have done and verifying if the computed answer is acceptable and
valid.

Checking if the amount of sale is P 850 for selling 10 canisters of

banana cake.

850=85 x
850=85(10)

850=850 TRUE
This means that the answer is correct.

To answer the question, how many canisters of banana cake to be

sold to earnPhp1,955, we will substitute f ( x) by Php1,955 in the

7 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 modelled function to find the number of canisters ( x) of banana cake
sold.

f (x)=85 x
1955=85(23)

1955=1955 TRUE

Hence, 23 canisters of banana cake is correct.

The following illustrative examples will help you learn more on how to solve
problems involving linear functions

Illustrative Examples

1. Mark works as a service crew in a fast-food center where he earns P 45.00 per
hour. How much will he earn in a day if he works for 6 hours?

Solution.

Step 1. Understand the problem.

Given: Mark earns P 45.00 per hour as a service crew

Asked: The amount Mark will earn in a day after working 6 hours

Independent variable: no. of hours rendered

Dependent variable: amount earned in a day

Step 2. Devise a plan.

8 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 Using the information above, a linear function can be modelled to
show the amount earned, expressed as f ( x), for a number of hours
rendered, expressed as (x) .

The rate of change (m) in the problem is P 45 and the y-intercept b

is 0 which means the function will be f ( x )=45 x+ 0 or f ( x )=45 x

Step 3. Carry out the plan.

To solve for the amount of earning, f(x), given that he will work for 6
hours, x=6, we have:

f (x) ¿ 45 x (given)

f (6 ) ¿ 45 (6) (by substitution)

f (6 ) ¿ 270 (by multiplication)

Step 4. Look back.

To verify your answer, just substitute the value of x and f ( x )in the
function.

f (x) ¿ 45 x Given

270 ¿ 45 (6) By substitution

270 ¿ 270 TRUE

Therefore, Mark will be earning P 270.00 after working for 6 hours.

2. Mr. Feli, a science teacher, earns P 150 per hour for online tutorial service to a
senior high school student. If he spends 2 hours tutoring each day, how much
would he receive in 15 days?

Solution:

Step 1. Understand the problem.

9 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 Given:

● Mr. Feli earns P 150 per hour for an online tutorial service
● Mr. Feli rendered 2 hours of tutoring service per day

Asked:

● The amount Mr. Feli will receive after 15 days of giving

tutorial service.

Step 2. Devise a plan.

Let x be number days of tutorial service

Let 2 x be the total number of hours of tutorial sessions

And, let f ( x ) be the total amount he earns

Using the information, the total amount Mr. Feli receives can be
modelled as:

f ( 2 x )=150(2 x)

Step 3. Carry out the plan.

Using the model, we have:

f (2 x ) ¿ 150(2 x) Given

f ( 2(15)) ¿ 150 [ 2(15) ] Substitution

f ( 2(15)) ¿ 150 [ 30 ] Simplify

f ( 30 ) ¿ 4,500 Simplified

Step 4. Look back.

10 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 To verify your answer, just substitute the value of x and f (2 x ) in
the function.

f (2 x ) ¿ 150(2 x) Given

4,500 ¿ 150 [ 2(15) ] Substitution

4,500 ¿ 150 [ 30 ] Simplify

4,500 ¿ 4,500 Simplified

Therefore, Mr. Feli will receive P 4,500 for 15 days of tutorial service.

What’s More

Activity 1: Watch Your Steps

Directions: Complete the steps in solving word problems involving linear functions
by supplying the required information. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

Tony begins to save for a new pair of shoes that costs P 2,375.00. He already
has P 500.00 and plans to save P 75.00 per week. How long does he have to
save to buy the shoes?

Solution:

Step 1. Understand the Problem.

Given:

Asked:

Independent variable: ________________

Dependent variable: _________________

11 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
Step 2. Devise a Plan.

Let x represents the _______________

Let f(x) represents the _____________

Make a table of values.

f ( x)

Total amount saved =(savings per week x number of weeks)

+ _______________________

f ( x ) =¿ ¿

Step 3. Carry out the Plan.

f (x) ¿ ¿¿

2375 ¿ ¿¿ +500 By substitution

2375+¿ ) ¿ ¿¿ +500+(−500) By Addition

Property of
Equality
¿¿ ¿ _____ By simplification

1875 ¿ ❑x Division
¿¿ ¿¿ Property of
Equality
¿¿ ¿ x By simplification

Step 4. Look back.

12 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 f (x) ¿ ¿¿

2375 ¿ 75(____) + 500

2375 ¿ ¿¿ +500
2375 ¿ _____ ________

Hence, Tony needs to save for ____weeks.

Activity 2: Apply Me!

Directions: Solve the problems by applying the Polya’s 4-step method.

1. John is saving for a new comic book subscription, and he already has
P 300. Every week, he saves P 5 from his allowance. How much will he be
able to save in 3 weeks? 9 weeks? 21 weeks?
2. Vince’s parents bought a portion of residential lot for P 150,000. Every
year the original price of the lot in their community increases for 40%.
How much is the value of the lot if they want it to sell after 10 years?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the paragraph below by filling in the blanks with correct
word/s which you can choose from the box. Each word may be used
repeatedly. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

variable plan check linear understand

functions
graph distance Procedure incorrect assumptions

table look-back problem solving carry-out the plan

There are many real-life situations that exhibit _________. It has one independent
variable and one dependent _________. One of the primary reasons people have

13 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
trouble with _________ is that there is no single _________ that works all the time.
Each problem is slightly different. Also, it requires practical knowledge about the
specific situation. If you misunderstand either the problem or the underlying
situation you may make mistakes or have _________. In solving word problems, the
first step is to _________ the problem. You have to read and analyze the situation.
Next step is to devise a _________. You have to list all the given data and determine
what is asked in the problem. Third step is to _________. Once you have an idea for
a new approach, jot it down immediately. When you have time, try it out and see if
it leads to a solution. If the plan does not seem to be working, then start over and
try another approach. Often the first approach does not work. Do not worry, just
because an approach does not work, it does not mean you did it wrong. You
accomplished something, knowing a way does not work is part of the process of
elimination. Lastly, you have to _________. Once you have a potential solution
_________ to see if it works.

What I Can Do

Directions: Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
Nikka likes the new face of 5-peso coin, so she kept every new 5-peso coin
that she’ll have to her piggy bank. Because of the pandemic, she was forced to open
her piggy bank to buy some face masks and alcohol. She was aware that she
mistakenly place 5 pieces of 10-peso coin in it. The total amount of money inside
her piggy bank was P 1,060.
Questions
a. What is the dependent variable? Explain your answer.
b. What is the independent variable? Explain your answer.
c. What is the total amount of 10-peso coins Nikka mistakenly place in the
piggy bank?
d. Write the linear function notation that represents the total amount of
money in the piggy bank.
e. How many 5-peso coins Nikka saved in her piggy bank?

14 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 Assessment

Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following function follows the form f ( x )=mx+b ?

A. exponential function C. polynomial function
B. linear function D. quadratic Function

2. Lino worked for 8 hours in a computer shop. He earned a total of Php 400.
How much does he earn each hour?
A. P 50 C. P 70
B. P 60 D. P 80

3. An employee receives a weekly salary of P 10,000 and a 6% commission on all

sales. Which of the following is the correct representation for this situation?
A. W ( s )=0.06 s+ 10,000 C. W ( s )=10,000 s+0.06
B. W ( s )=0.06 s−10,000 D. W ( s )=10,000 s−0.06

4. Mike earns P 300per hour at the bookstore. The total amount of his paycheck
is represented by P(h) and h is the number of hours he works. If he worked
for 7 hours, what is his total paycheck that day?
A. P 2,000 C. P 2,400
B. P 2,100 D. P 3,000

5. A candlestick burns at a rate of 0.2 inches (in) per hour. After 8 hours the
candlestick is 13.4 inches tall. What is the original height of the candle?
A. 13 in C. 17 in
B. 15 in D. 19 in

6. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mrs. Ramirez baked cakes to be sold

online. Camilia was hired as delivery girl and offered a salary of P 35 a day
plus a commission of P 18 per cake. What linear function represents
Camila’s income in a day?
A. f ( x )=18 x +35 C. f ( x )=35 x +18
B. f ( x )=18 x−35 D. f ( x )=35 x−18

7. A family buys a case of water with 48 bottles and consumes 5 bottles per
day. Which equation shows the number of bottles left after x days?
A. f ( x )=5 x – 48 B. f ( x )=5 x +48

15 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 C. f ( x )=48+5 x D. f ( x )=48 – 5 x

8. Lara is 3 years more than twice Jose’s age. If Lara is 27 years old, how old is
Jose?
A. 10 C. 20
B. 12 D. 24

9. Maria wants to earn money from garbage. She collected 20 kg of cans to

recycle. She wants to collect an additional 5 kg each week. The linear
function describing the total weight of cans is given by the function
f ( x )=5 x +20. What is the total weight of cans Maria will be collected in 10
weeks?

A. 60 kg C. 80 kg
B. 70 kg D. 90 kg

10.A furniture store charges a fee on all items delivered from the store to the
customer. The delivery fee f ( x )is computed by a linear function
f ( x )=0.06 x +50, where x denotes the amount purchased. How much is the
delivery fee if the customer will purchase P 8,000 worth of furniture?

A. P 450 C. P 530
B. P 470 D. P 54

11.In your math class, your teacher asks to make a mathematical model and
table of values of the situation below.

Sam currently has 200 songs in his music collection. Every month, he
adds 10 new songs. How many song collections will he own in a year?

What criteria will you consider in order to attain a good output?

I. Accuracy
II. Intervals in the Table
III. Completeness of the Label
IV. Appropriateness of the Mathematical Model

A. I and II only C. II, III and IV only

B. I, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV

12.A videoke machine rental charge is P 500 per day and an additional P 30 per
hour (t) after a day. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The problem is represented by the function f (t)=30 t – 500.

B. If the videoke machine will be used in 30 hours, the user will pay
P 680.

16 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 C. The dependent variable is the duration of time that the videoke
machine is used.
D. The independent variable is the amount the user will pay after t hours
of using the videoke machine.
For items 13 – 15 refer to the situation below

One of Jenny’s favorite movies talks about a pandemic which occurred in a

rural village. The table below shows the recorded number of patients recovered
from a pandemic caused by a virus in a certain municipality.

Month (x) March April May June July

No. of recoveries f ( x ) 12 23 34 45 56

13.Which mathematical model represents the data above?

A. f ( x )=11 x+ 1 C. f ( x )=12 x+ 1
B. f ( x )=−11 x +1 D. f ( x )=−12 x +1

14. A front liner in a hospital predicted that if the interval of the number of
recoveries per month remains constant, there will be 111 recoveries on
Christmas month. Do you agree with the front liner’s claim?

A. Yes, because the front liner is a reliable source.

B. No, because the remaining patients are old enough to recover.
C. No, because there is not enough evidence to accept the claim.
D. Yes, because it can be computed using the constant recoveries per month.

15. The number of recoveries has continued to increase. As a responsible and

concerned citizen in your community what would be the best action to
maximize the increased number of recoveries.

I. Always observe and practice proper hygiene.

II. Let the concern agencies worry the pandemic.
III. Eat nutritious food to boost immune system.
IV. Follow health and safety protocols issued by the government.
V. Organize a free face to face Zumba session in your community to
promote physical wellness.

A. I, III, and IV only C. II, III, IV and V only

B. I, II, and V only D. I, III, IV and V only

17 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
 Additional Activities

I Can Do It Independently!
Directions: Read the situation below and answer the questions that follow.

Tina and Ben challenge each other to do the Marikit Tiktok dance craze and posts
it in their respective Facebook account. Donna, their best friend promised to give
Php200 each if they do the challenge in social media. They also agreed that every
reaction response in social media has a corresponding amount. A like is worth
Php1, a heart is Php2, and a wow is Php3. After 24 hours, Tina got 300 likes, 295
hearts, and 109 wows, while Ben got 410 likes, 105 hearts, and 139 wows.
1. Which reaction should be the right choice for Tina to get the highest
amount of money? Why?
2. Which reaction should be the right choice for Ben to get the highest
amount of money? Why?

18 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
Answer Key

19 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
References

20 CO_Q2_Mathematics8_M8
Abuzo, E.P., Bryant, M.L., Cabrella, J.B., Caldez, B.P., Callanta, M.M., Castro, A.I.,
Halabaso, A.R., et.al. Mathematics 8 – Learner’s Module. Pasig City,
Philippines: Department of Education, 2013.
Bernabe, J.G., Dilao, S.J., Orines, F.B. Advance Algebra, Trigonometry, and
Statistics. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc., 2009.
Orines, F.B., Diaz, Z.B., Mojica, M.P., Manalo, C.B.., Suzara, J.L., Mercado, J.P.,
Esparrago, M.S., Reyes, N.V., Next Century Mathematics. Quezon City,
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2013.

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