THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A THOROUGH LOOK
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND WHAT
IS IT COMPRISED OF?
The nervous system includes the brain, spinal
cord, and a complex network of nerves. This
system sends messages back and forth
between the brain and the body. The brain is
what controls all the body's functions. The
spinal cord runs from the brain down through
the back.
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of

the brain and spinal cord. It is one of 2 parts of the
nervous system. The other part is the peripheral
nervous system, which consists of nerves that
connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the
body. The central nervous system is the body's
processing centre.
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

Your peripheral nervous system (PNS) is that part of

your nervous system that lies outside your brain and
spinal cord. It plays key role in both sending
information from different areas of your body back
to your brain, as well as carrying out commands
from your brain to various parts of your body.
 JOB OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

Stimulus:
Change in environment which could bring a change in body.

Receptor:
A tissue/organ which can detect a stimulus.

Sensory Nerves:
Nerve cells which carry message from receptor to central nervous system.

Motor Nerves:
They carry message from central nervous system to effectors.

Effectors:
It is the organ which responds to a stimulus.

Response:
A change in the body due to a stimulus.
 TYPES OF ACTIONS

Initially, there are two types of actions namely called as Voluntary action and Involuntary
action.
Voluntary action:
When an action is produced with the involvement of thoughts,
they are called voluntary action. It involves actions like walking, eating, jumping
and running. These actions are produced consciously. Both spinal cord and
brain are involved and these coordinate with PNS to generate necessary
movements.
Involuntary action:
Actions which take place without consciousness or
willingness of an individual are called the involuntary action. Digestion,
heart beating, sneezing, etc are few examples of involuntary actions. Both
involuntary and voluntary actions are controlled by the same parts of the
brain.
 TYPES OF NERVE CELLS

There are three different types of nerve cells in the human body. These
are sensory neurones, motor neurones, and relay neurones.

Sensory Neurones:
They carry impulses into the CNS from sense organs.
Motor Neurones:
They carry impulses out from the CNS to the muscles and glands.
Relay Neurones:
They link sensory neurones with motor neurones in the CNS.
 REFLEX ACTION

Reflex action is a sudden and involuntary response to stimuli. It helps

organisms to quickly adapt to an adverse circumstance that could
have the potential to cause bodily harm or even death. Pulling our
hands away immediately after touching a hot or cold object is a
classic example of a reflex action.
 BRAIN

The brain is a complex organ that controls

thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills,
vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and
every process that regulates our body.
Together, the brain and spinal cord that
extends from it make up the central nervous
system, or CNS.
HOW A RESPONSE IS INITIATED IN OUR
BODY
Any Questions?