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A significantly expanded range of issues and international sweep.
Cutting edge stuff -

original and challenging essays reaching way beyond the useful overview of the field that
the title Handbook conjures up.
David Brown, Emeritus Professor, Law Faculty,
University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
An impressive collection of essays addressing some of the key issues in prison research
and practice which are currently engaging policy makers, academics and practitioners alike.
This is a considerable achievement for the editors - Yvonne Jewkes, Jamie Bennett and Ben
Crewe, who have brought together leading authorities in the field to write about these
issues in a fresh and engaging way. If you only buy one textbook on prisons this year,
make sure that it is this one.
Dr Sharon Shalev, Centre for Criminology,
University of Oxford, UK
The arrival of this second edition of the Handbook on Prisons could not be more timely.
Mass incarceration, perhaps the most significant social fact of our time, is both expanding
and transforming on a global basis. The new volume brings the world's leading experts
on penology and punishment and society together and forges a comprehensive platform
of historical, theoretical, and problem centered frameworks to analyze the present
conjuncture.
Jonathan S. Simon, Adrian A. Kragen Professor of Law; Director of the
Center for the Study of Law and Society, UC Berkeley, USA
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Handbook on Prisons
The second edition of the Handbook on Prisons provides a completely revised and updated collection of
essays on a wide range of topics concerning prisons and imprisonment. Bringing together three of the
leading prison scholars in the UK as editors, this new volume builds on the success of the first edition
and reveals the range and depth of prison scholarship around the world.
The Handbook not only contains chapters written by those who have established and developed
prison research, but also features contributions from ex-prisoners, prison governors and ex-governors,
prison inspectors and others who have worked with prisoners in a wide range of professional capa-
cities. This second edition includes several completely new chapters on topics as diverse as prison
design, technology in prisons, the high security estate, therapeutic communities, prisons and desis-
tance, supermax and solitary confinement, plus a brand-new section on international perspectives. The
Handbook aims to convey the reality of imprisonment, and to reflect the main issues and debates
surrounding prisons and prisoners, while also providing novel ways of thinking about familiar penal
problems and enhancing our theoretical understanding of imprisonment.
The Handbook on Prisons, Second edition is a key text for students taking courses in prisons, penology,
criminal justice, criminology and related subjects, and is also an essential reference for academics and
practitioners working in the prison service, or in related agencies, who need up-to-date knowledge of
thinking on prisons and imprisonment.
Yvonne Jewkes is Professor of Criminology at the University of Brighton. She is editor of the first
Handbook on Prisons (2007), author of Captive Audience: Media, Masculinity and Power in Prisons (2002), and
series editor (with Ben Crewe and Thomas Ugelvik) of Palgrave Studies in Prisons and Penology. Pro-
fessor Jewkes’s publications on prison architecture include (with Philip Hancock) ‘Penal Aesthetics and the
Pains of Imprisonment’, Punishment & Society; (with Dominique Moran) ‘The paradox of the “green”
prison: sustaining the environment or sustaining the penal complex?’, Theoretical Criminology; and ‘The
Aesthetics and Anaesthetics of Prison Architecture’, in J. Simon et al., Architecture and Justice (2013).
Ben Crewe is Deputy Director of the Prisons Research Centre at the Institute of Criminology, Uni-
versity of Cambridge. Dr Crewe has published widely on prisons and imprisonment, and is on the
editorial board of the British Journal of Criminology. His current research is on prisoners serving very
long sentences from an early age.
Jamie Bennett has been a prison manager since 1996 and is currently Governor of HMP Grendon and
Spring Hill. Dr Bennett is also a Research Associate at the University of Oxford and has edited Prison
Service Journal since 2004. He has written widely on prisons and was awarded a PhD at the University of
Edinburgh.
Handbook on Prisons
Second edition
Edited by
Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and
Jamie Bennett
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Second edition published 2016
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and Jamie Bennett
The right of Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and Jamie Bennett to be identified as the
authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has
been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Handbook on prisons / edited by Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and Jamie Bennett. –
Second edition.
pages cm
1. Prisons–Great Britain. 2. Prison administration–Great Britain. 3. Prisoners–Great
Britain. 4. Imprisonment–Great Britain. I. Jewkes, Yvonne, 1966- II. Crewe, Ben. III.
Bennett, Jamie.
HV9647.H38 2016
365'.941–dc23
2015025831
ISBN: 978-0-415-74565-9 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-415-74566-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-79777-9 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Taylor & Francis Books
Contents
List of illustrations xi
Acknowledgement xiii
List of contributors xiv
Abbreviations xvii
Introduction 1
YVONNE JEWKES, BEN CREWE AND JAMIE BENNETT
PART I
Prisons in context 5
1 Prisons in context 7
ANDREW COYLE
2 Prison histories, 1770s–1950s: Continuities and contradictions 24

HELEN JOHNSTON
3 The aims of imprisonment 39

IAN O’DONNELL
4 The politics of imprisonment 55

RICHARD SPARKS, JESSICA BIRD AND LOUISE BRANGAN
5 The sociology of imprisonment 77

BEN CREWE
6 Prison expansionism 101

DEBORAH H. DRAKE
7 Prison design and carceral space 114

DOMINIQUE MORAN, YVONNE JEWKES AND JENNIFER TURNER
8 Prison managerialism: Global change and local cultures in the working lives
of prison managers 131
JAMIE BENNETT
viii Contents
PART II
Prison controversies 147
9 Private prisons 149
JOHN RYNNE AND RICHARD HARDING
10 Segregation and supermax confinement: An ethical evaluation 169

DEREK S. JEFFREYS
11 Mental health in prisons 187

ALICE MILLS AND KATHLEEN KENDALL
12 Drug misuse in prison 205

MICHAEL WHEATLEY
13 Suicide, distress and the quality of prison life 224

ALISON LIEBLING AND AMY LUDLOW
14 Sex offenders in prison 246

RUTH E. MANN
15 The prison officer 265

HELEN ARNOLD
16 Prisons and technology: General lessons from the American context 284
ROBERT JOHNSON AND KATIE HAIL-JARES
PART III
International perspectives on imprisonment 307
17 Punishment and political economy 309
ESTER MASSA
18 Prisons and human rights 324

PETER BENNETT
19 An international overview of the initiatives to accommodate

Indigenous prisoners 340
ELIZABETH GRANT
20 Ironies of American imprisonment: From capitalizing on prisons to

capital punishment 359
MICHAEL WELCH
21 Houses for the poor: Continental European prisons 375

VINCENZO RUGGIERO
22 Prisons as welfare institutions?: Punishment and the Nordic model 388

THOMAS UGELVIK
Contents ix
23 Australasian prisons 403

CLAIRE SPIVAKOVSKY
24 Prisons in Africa 423

ANDREW M. JEFFERSON AND TOMAS MAX MARTIN
25 Asian prisons: Colonial pasts, neo-liberal futures and subversive sites 441
MAHUYA BANDYOPADHYAY
26 Latin American prisons 460

SACHA DARKE AND MARIA LÚCIA KARAM
PART IV
The penal spectrum 475
27 High security prisons in England and Wales: Principles and practice 477
ALISON LIEBLING
28 Therapeutic communities 497

ALISA STEVENS
29 Older age, harder time: Ageing and imprisonment 514

NATALIE MANN
30 Young people and prison 529

ROB ALLEN
31 Doing gendered time: The harms of women’s incarceration 549

LINDA MOORE AND PHIL SCRATON
32 Race, ethnicity, multiculture and prison life 568

ROD EARLE
33 The prisoner: Inside and out 586

JASON WARR
PART V
Beyond the prison 605
34 Prisons and desistance 607
FERGUS MCNEILL AND MARGUERITE SCHINKEL
35 Social injustice and collateral damage: The families and children of prisoners 622
RACHEL CONDRY, ANNA KOTOVA AND SHONA MINSON
36 Inspecting the prison 641

NICK HARDWICK
x Contents
37 Researching the prison 659

YVONNE JEWKES AND SERENA WRIGHT
38 Representing the prison 677

EAMONN CARRABINE
39 Imprisonment in a global world: Rethinking penal power 698

MARY BOSWORTH, INÊS HASSELBERG AND SARAH TURNBULL
40 Campaigning for and campaigning against prisons: Excavating and

reaffirming the case for prison abolition 712
MICK RYAN AND JOE SIM
Index 734
Illustrations
Figures
13.1 Modelling overall distress GHQ-12 and suicide rates 236
13.2 Distress and well-being in prison 237
13.3 Prison quality and prison suicide: a testable working model 238
14.1 Reconviction rates by index offence, 2005–12 247
17.1 Incarceration rates in the USA and Italy (1850–2006), per 100,000 319
24.1 Prison population rate per 100,000 in Africa, 2014 427
24.2 Occupancy level in African prisons, 2014 (%) 428
24.3 Pre-trial detainees in African prisons, 2014 (%) 429
38.1 Het Rasp-Huys 680
38.2 The Representations of the several Fetters, Irons, & Ingines of Torture
that were taken from the Marshalsea Prison 683
38.3 The Gaols Committee of the House of Commons 684
38.4 The Chapel, Pentonville, 1862 687
38.5 Newgate Prison 689
38.6 PAR55771 – USA. Huntsville, Texas. 1968 692
38.7 LON92615 – South Africa. Beaufort West. 2006 694
Tables
6.1 Selected imprisonment rates per 100,000 population in 2003 and 2013,
and percentage change 102
13.1 Percentage frequency of imported vulnerability per prison 227
13.2 Difference between groups of prisoners in level of distress 235
13.3 Correlation between institutional suicide rates and distress variables (n=12) 235
14.1 Reoffending rates by risk band for RM2000 and OSP 248
14.2 Recent systematic reviews of sex offender treatment effectiveness 258
15.1 EQ factor scores for prison officers 276
15.2 EQ subscale scores for prison officers 276
22.1 Nordic prison systems: key figures 390
22.2 New arrivals in the Nordic Correctional Services, relative to population 390
23.1 Australia’s imprisonment rate, 1970–2013 404
23.2 Number of unsentenced prisoners in Australia, 2003–13 405
xii List of illustrations
23.3 Percentage of sentenced male prisoners in Australia by most serious

offence, 2003–13 406
23.4 Percentage of sentenced female prisoners in Australia by most serious
offence, 2003–13 406
23.5 Percentage of Indigenous people in Australian prisons 2003–13 407
23.6 Pacific islands of Australasia prison statistics 412
Box
3.1 A miscellany of aims 42
Acknowledgement
Thanks go to Helen Fair, the Prison Service Journal, Amsterdam City Archives, The British
Library Board, The National Portrait Gallery, Mary Evans Picture Library, Danny Lyon,
Magnum Photos, Mikhael Subotzky and Taylor & Francis for their kind permission to
reproduce previously published material in this book.
Contributors
Rob Allen, Justice and Prisons, UK.

Helen Arnold, University Campus Suffolk, UK.
Mahuya Bandyopadhyay, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India.
Jamie Bennett, HMP Grendon and Spring Hill, UK.
Peter Bennett, former Governor of HMP Grendon and Spring Hill and former
Director of International Centre for Prison Studies, UK.
Jessica Bird, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Mary Bosworth, University of Oxford, UK.
Louise Brangan, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Eamonn Carrabine, University of Essex, UK.
Rachel Condry, University of Oxford, UK.
Andrew Coyle, University of Essex, UK.
Ben Crewe, University of Cambridge, UK.
Sacha Darke, University of Westminster, UK.
Deborah H. Drake, The Open University, UK.
Rod Earle, The Open University, UK.
Elizabeth Grant, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Katie Hail-Jares, American University, USA.
Richard Harding, University of Western Australia, Australia.
Nick Hardwick, HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, England and Wales.
Inês Hasselberg, University of Oxford, UK.
Andrew M. Jefferson, DIGNITY – Danish Institute Against Torture, Denmark.
Derek S. Jeffreys, University of Wisconsin, USA.
Yvonne Jewkes, University of Brighton, UK.
List of contributors xv
Robert Johnson, American University, USA.

Helen Johnston, University of Hull, UK.
Maria Lúcia Karam, Carioca Institute of Criminology, Brazil.
Kathleen Kendall, University of Southampton, UK.
Anna Kotova, University of Oxford, UK.
Alison Liebling, University of Cambridge, UK.
Amy Ludlow, University of Cambridge, UK.
Fergus McNeill, University of Glasgow, UK.
Natalie Mann, Anglia Ruskin University, UK.
Ruth E. Mann, National Offender Management Service, England and Wales.
Tomas Max Martin, Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark.
Ester Massa, University of Winchester, UK.
Alice Mills, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Shona Minson, University of Oxford, UK.
Linda Moore, University of Ulster, UK.
Dominique Moran, University of Birmingham, UK.
Ian O’Donnell, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
Vincenzo Ruggiero, University of Middlesex, UK.
Mick Ryan, University of Greenwich, UK.
John Rynne, Griffith University Brisbane, Australia.
Marguerite Schinkel, University of Glasgow, UK.
Phil Scraton, Queen’s University Belfast, UK.
Joe Sim, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Richard Sparks, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Claire Spivakovsky, Monash University Melbourne, Australia.
Alisa Stevens, University of Southampton, UK.
Sarah Turnbull, University of Oxford, UK.
Jennifer Turner, University of Leicester, UK.
Thomas Ugelvik, University of Tromso, Norway.
Jason Warr, University of Lincoln, UK.
Michael Welch, Rutgers University, USA.
xvi List of contributors
Michael Wheatley, National Offender Management Service, England and Wales.

Serena Wright, University of Cambridge, UK.
Abbreviations
ACA American Correctional Association

ACCT Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork
ACM Australian Correctional Management
BFM Buildings and Facilities Management
BOSS Body Orifice Security Scanning
CCA Corrections Corporation of America
CHE Community Homes with Education
CIES Correctional Institution Environment Scale
C of C Community of Communities
CPT (European) Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment
CQC Care Quality Commission
CRC Control Review Committee
CRC Community Rehabilitation Company
CRE Commission for Racial Equality
CSAAP Correctional Services Accreditation and Advisory Panel
CSC Close Supervision Centre
CSC Correctional Service Canada
D&B Design & Build
DCMF Design, Construct, Manage and Finance
DFID Department for International Development
DoH Department of Health
DSPD Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder
DTO Detention and Training Order
DYOI Detention in a Young Offender Institution
ECHR European Convention on Human Rights
EQ emotional intelligence
EU European Union
FBP Federal Bureau of Prisons
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office
GHQ General Health Questionnaire
GP general practitioner
HC Deb House of Commons Debate
HIPP Health in Prisons Programme
xviii Abbreviations
HL Deb House of Lords Debate

HMCIP Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons
HMIC Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary
HMIP Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons
HMPS Her Majesty’s Prison Service
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
ICPS International Centre for Prison Studies
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
IEP incentive and earned privilege
IMB Independent Monitoring Board
IPP indeterminate imprisonment for public protection
IRA Irish Republican Army
IRC immigration removal centre
JE Joint Enterprise
KPI key performance indicator
KPT key performance target
LASCH Local Authority Secure Children’s Home
LASH Local Authority Secure Home
LWOP life without parole
MDT mandatory drug testing
MHIRT mental health in-reach team
M&M Manage & Maintain
MMPR Minimizing and Managing Physical Restraint
MoJ Ministry of Justice
MQPL measuring the quality of prison life
NACRO National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders
NGO non-governmental organization
NHS National Health Service
NIHRC Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission
NOMS National Offender Management Service
NPM National Preventive Mechanism
NPM new public management
NPS novel psychoactive substances
OASys Offender Assessment System
ONS Office for National Statistics
OPCAT Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Torture
and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
OPDP offender personality disorder pathway
OSP OASys Sexual Predictor
PCT Primary Care Trust
PFI Private Finance Initiative
PIPE psychologically informed planned environment
POA Prison Officers Association
PPI Prison Policy Institute
PPO Prison and Probation Ombudsman
PPP public–private partnership
Abbreviations xix
PRC Prisons Research Centre

PROP Preservation of the Rights of Prisoners
PRS Prison Rating System
PRT Prison Reform Trust
PRT Prison Review Team
PSO Prison Service Order
RAB Restraint Advisory Board
RAP Radical Alternatives to Prison
RNR Risk, Need and Responsivity
ROTL release on temporary licence
RRF Returns and Reintegration Fund
SCH Secure Children’s Home
SEU Social Exclusion Unit
SMART Systematic Monitoring and Analysing of Race Equality Template
SMI severe mental illness
SOP standard operating procedure
SOV special operating vehicle
SPV special purpose vehicle
SPT Sub-committee on Prevention of Torture
STC Secure Training Centre
STO Secure Training Order
TBI traumatic brain injury
TC therapeutic community
TUPE (European) Transfer Undertaking Protection of Employment
UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UKBA UK Border Authority
UN United Nations
VPU Vulnerable Prisoner Unit
WHO World Health Organization
YJB Youth Justice Board
YOI Young Offender Institution
Introduction
Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and Jamie Bennett
As we send this second edition of the Handbook on Prisons to print, it is inevitable that we
reflect on the state of imprisonment in the nine years since the first edition came out. It
is tempting to see the last decade as another chapter of unmitigated failure in the history
of punishment. Between the end of 2006 and the end of 2013 the global prison popu-
lation increased from 9.25 million to 10.2 million (Walmsley 2007, 2013). As the World
Prison Population List (www.apcca.org/uploads/10th_Edition_2013.pdf) shows, prisoner
numbers are growing in all five continents and most of the countries represented in this
volume imprison more people today than they did when the Handbook first came out.
There are, of course, exceptions, and the picture of incarceration is not entirely bleak.
Even the league table leader, the USA, has seen a small drop in its prison population –
from 738 to 716 per 100,000 of the general population – and, while this might barely
seem noteworthy given the size and scale of the total numbers of people that America
locks up, some of the most significant decreases have been in conservative states such as
Texas and Arkansas. Optimists might highlight the fact that such decreases have been
occurring year-on-year since 2010 and that, although initially driven by necessity in an
economic recession, the decline has subsequently been attributed to a softening of public
punitiveness and a redirection of public spending priorities from crime to health and
education. One scholar, Natasha Frost, has gone so far as to say ‘This is the beginning of
the end of mass incarceration’ (quoted in The New York Times, 23 July 2013).
Of course, any criminology student will immediately want to look behind these fig-
ures and examine who is more, or less, likely to be sentenced to custody, what kinds of
offences no longer carry a prison sentence that previously did, and what kinds of prison
conditions are experienced by those left in the system. Like its predecessor, this second
edition of the Handbook aims to look behind the statistics and try to convey some of the
realities of imprisonment as they are shaped by those in power and experienced by those
with relatively little power. Indeed, this second edition is even more wide ranging and
ambitious than the first edition, with an additional ten chapters, including a new section
on international perspectives, to reflect the growth of high-quality scholarship on prisons
across the world and to encourage thinking about imprisonment in a global context.
Contributors to the Handbook have also gone beyond thinking about the prison as a
bounded institution (that is, bounded by time, space or place) and considered, in myriad
ways, how the present and the past intertwine, the importance of viewing any country’s
incarcerated population heterogeneously, the extent to which the ‘effects’ of prison are
felt far beyond its physical walls, and how ‘imprisonment’ has spread into other areas of
state practice.
2 Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and Jamie Bennett and
Once again we have gathered together many of the leading scholars in penology and
asked them to reflect on the main issues and debates surrounding prisons and prisoners
while providing new ways of thinking about familiar penal problems and enhancing our
theoretical understanding of imprisonment. However, this second edition should not be
regarded as a straightforward ‘replacement’ of the first edition and, in many ways, they
can be read alongside each other. Of course, some aspects of the penal landscape have
changed since 2007, yet much of the content of the first Handbook on Prisons remains
pertinent and it contains chapters on topics that, for various reasons, could not be
included in this second edition. However, like its forerunner, this second volume reveals
the range and depth of current knowledge about prisons, combining contributions from
many of those who have established and developed prison research over the last half-
century and who continue to shape it in its current phase, with more recent entrants to
prison studies who are building on this tradition and breaking new ground. The volume also
contains contributions from prison governors, ex-governors, non-academic specialists,
and from a chief inspector of prisons in England and Wales.
The Handbook is divided into five parts, each of which is distinctive in its focus, yet
interrelated in many of the themes and issues raised. The first part considers the
prison in its comparative and historical context. It looks at the birth of the modern prison
and considers changing aims and rationales for imprisonment over the last three cen-
turies. The chapters individually and collectively address many important questions con-
cerning the purpose, aims and understandings of imprisonment. How important are
historical contexts and continuities for our understanding of the current penal landscape?
How have philosophies of punishment changed and what can they tell us about what
prisons are for? How should philosophical aims be reconciled with performance
measures and targets? What drives prison expansionism? Why do some countries have
very high prison populations while others maintain low rates of incarceration? Why do
imprisonment rates not always correlate with crime rates? To what extent does the
architecture and design of prisons indicate what goes on within their walls? What impact
does space and place have on the lives of a prison’s occupants? How are prisons
managed?
The second part of the Handbook reflects on some of the controversies that have
dominated penal discussions over many years. By their very nature controversial, prisons
are suffused with contentious policies and practices and this section of the Handbook looks
at some of them. How can prisons achieve a balance between custody and care, decency
and austerity? What has been the impact of the introduction of private sector punishment
provision? On what grounds, and with what effects, is solitary confinement imposed
upon prisoners? What is the mental health profile of the prison population? What role do
drugs play in the lives of prisoners? What are the causes of and solutions to prisoner
suicide and self-harm? How are sex offenders imprisoned and treated, with what results?
Who are prison officers, what do they do, and what constitutes ‘good’ prison officer
work? What is the role and use of technology in prisons?
Part III discusses international perspectives on imprisonment, exploring the role of the
states and the political contexts within which imprisonment is located. The task of this
section includes describing the practices of imprisonment in different states. What is the rate
of imprisonment in different countries? What are the characteristic practices and cultures
of those institutions? How does the use of imprisonment reflect the relationship between
political economy, the state and the prison in different jurisdictions? Collectively, the
Introduction 3
chapters invite comparative and critical reflections. What practices are replicated and
repeated across states? In what ways do countries vary in their practices, and why? Are
certain practices to be considered more equitable or effective than others? What can
be learned or transferred through international dialogue? As a whole, the chapters also
raise broader questions about criminal justice in an age of globalization. Each jurisdiction
has its own unique story to tell about the interplay between global trends and historically
rooted local cultures. These stories reveal issues not only about the technicalities and
everyday practices of imprisonment, but also about global and national power structures
that criminal justice systems reflect and sustain.
The fourth part of the volume looks at some of the prisoners who make up the prison
population and discusses some of the issues affecting them as they enter, experience and
leave custody. How do prisons differ? What is imprisonment like, and what deter-
mines the prisoner experience? What are the characteristics of late modern penality?
Why have the concepts of risk and dangerousness become synonymous with prison
populations? Why has the issue of ‘public protection’ overtaken debates about pris-
oner welfare? What is a ‘therapeutic’ prison? Why are there now so many older prisoners
and what are the particular demands on the prison service in accommodating these
prisoners? Might there be alternative forms of punishment that could be implemented
which would be less damaging to vulnerable groups and more effective in reducing
offending?
The fifth and final part of the Handbook on Prisons is entitled ‘Beyond the prison’, and
it brings together contributions that have an external dimension. What is done to ease
the transition from prison to community? What is the relationship between prisons and
desistance from crime? Why do many prisoners’ families feel they have been condemned
to serve a ‘second sentence’? Who scrutinizes what goes on inside prisons? Why is
independent inspection important? What does academic research add to our knowledge
and what are the issues that first-time prison researchers need to think about before they
enter the field? How have prisons been represented in art and literature and how do
these representations inform public debate about punishment? Why has penality spread
to other kinds of institutions? Do we need prisons at all?
It is these questions and topics that shape the parameters within which the authors
who have contributed to the Handbook on Prisons offer their expertise. First, though,
Andrew Coyle offers his reflections on how prisons have changed over the course of his
professional life. As Emeritus Professor and Director of the International Centre for
Prison Studies at King’s College London, an ex-prison governor, and a visitor to many
countries’ prisons, Coyle’s memories and observations provide a fascinating, personal
insight into some of the issues that will be discussed in greater detail in later chapters.
Entering prison for the first time as an assistant governor in 1973, he remembers the
sights and smells that greeted him, recalls the structure of the prison day, and reminds us
of the casual brutality that marked the system in the 1970s before independent inspection
and monitoring was introduced to hold prison staff and managers to account. Underlying
Coyle’s chapter are the questions, ‘what can we learn from the past?’ and ‘what can we
learn from each other?’ Viewing 21st-century prison systems in historical and global
perspectives, he suggests, not only encourages reflection on the continuities that speak to
the permanence of the prison but also raises questions about the social values that
underpin our treatment of offenders. As such, Chapter 1 of the Handbook on Prisons is a
thought-provoking and timely prologue to the chapters that follow.
4 Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe and Jamie Bennett and
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Prison histories, 1770s–1950s

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The sociology of imprisonment

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A signiﬁcantly expanded range of issues and international sweep.

Cutting edge stuﬀ -

ISBN: 978-0-415-74565-9 (hbk)

2 Prison histories, 1770s–1950s: Continuities and contradictions 24

3 The aims of imprisonment 39

4 The politics of imprisonment 55

5 The sociology of imprisonment 77

6 Prison expansionism 101

7 Prison design and carceral space 114

10 Segregation and supermax conﬁnement: An ethical evaluation 169

11 Mental health in prisons 187

12 Drug misuse in prison 205

13 Suicide, distress and the quality of prison life 224

14 Sex oﬀenders in prison 246

15 The prison oﬃcer 265

18 Prisons and human rights 324

19 An international overview of the initiatives to accommodate

20 Ironies of American imprisonment: From capitalizing on prisons to

21 Houses for the poor: Continental European prisons 375

22 Prisons as welfare institutions?: Punishment and the Nordic model 388

23 Australasian prisons 403

24 Prisons in Africa 423

26 Latin American prisons 460

28 Therapeutic communities 497

29 Older age, harder time: Ageing and imprisonment 514

30 Young people and prison 529

31 Doing gendered time: The harms of women’s incarceration 549

32 Race, ethnicity, multiculture and prison life 568

33 The prisoner: Inside and out 586

36 Inspecting the prison 641

37 Researching the prison 659

38 Representing the prison 677

39 Imprisonment in a global world: Rethinking penal power 698

40 Campaigning for and campaigning against prisons: Excavating and

23.3 Percentage of sentenced male prisoners in Australia by most serious

Rob Allen, Justice and Prisons, UK.

Robert Johnson, American University, USA.

Michael Wheatley, National Oﬀender Management Service, England and Wales.

ACA American Correctional Association

HL Deb House of Lords Debate

PRC Prisons Research Centre

Prison histories, 1770s–1950s

The aims of imprisonment

The politics of imprisonment

The sociology of imprisonment

Segregation and supermax confinement

Mental health in prisons

Drug misuse in prison

Sex offenders in prison

The prison officer

Prisons and technology

Punishment and political economy

An international overview of the initiatives to accommodate Indigenous prisoners

Ironies of American imprisonment

Prisons as welfare institutions?

Latin American prisons

High security prisons in England and Wales

Older age, harder time

Young people and prison